Influence of Fining Temperature on Glass Qualities

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 1906-1911
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Liu ◽  
Jun Lin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Soda Lime Silica Glass ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Surface Tension Change

To study the influence of fining temperature on glass qualities, different fining temperatures from 1400°C to 1500°C were used to prepare a series soda-lime-silica glass with identical chemical compositions. Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the water content of glass, general analyzer of melt physical properties was used to study the viscosity and surface tension change of glass melt, microscope was carried out find glass bubbles, wet chemical analyses were used to determine the Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio. The results show that, generally, with the increase of fining temperature, the glass melt’s water content, bubbles number and Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio increase, viscosity decreases. Particularly, when the fining temperature is 1450°C, the glass has lowest water content, bubbles number, Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio, and viscosity, and its surface tension is largest. Among all tested fining temperature, 1450°C is the optimal fining temperature.

Nanometer-Sized Water Bridge and Pull-Off Force in AFM at Different Relative Humidities: Reproducibility Measurement and Model Based on Surface Tension Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bartošík ◽  
Lukáš Kormoš ◽  
Lukáš Flajšman ◽  
Radek Kalousek ◽  
Jindřich Mach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Bridge ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Surface Tension Change

scholarly journals Surface Tension Change of Simulant Gel Propellant according to the Metal Particle Addition

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyehwan Kim ◽  
Sijin Kim ◽  
Seungjoo Han ◽  
Jinkon Kim ◽  
Heejang Moon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Surface Tension Change ◽  
Particle Addition

scholarly journals Données nouvelles sur la laumontite de la zone métamorphique de Libramont, Belgique [New mineralogical data on laumontite from the metamorphic zone of Libramont, Belgium]

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Frédéric Hatert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Zeolitic Water ◽  
Geochemical Behaviour ◽  
Metamorphic Zone ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Variable Water

New laumontite occurrences have been discovered at Bertrix, Ochamp and Luchy, in the metamorphic zone of Bastogne-Libramont. Wet chemical analyses lead to compositions close to Ca[Al2Si4O12].4H2O, with a slightly variable water content and a significant amount of potassium (up to 0.76% K2O). Infrared spectra show an ordered distribution of tetrahedral Si and Al, and relatively low hydrogen bonds between zeolitic water and crystal freamework. Laumontite crystallized in rocks fractures, under a presure lower than 3 kbar and a temperature between 170 and 280°C. The presence of albite in quartz veins and of laumontite in rocks fissures indicates a different geochemical behaviour for Na and Ca during this retrometamorphic phase.

Study on the Viscosity and Affinity of Epoxy Resin Chemical Grouting Material Considering Time Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 956 ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Tao Wei ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Zai Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Changjiang River ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Grouting Material ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Tension Change

In this paper, the CW epoxy resin grouting material produced by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute was choosed as the research object. By testing the viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of the epoxy grouting material, the change law of the viscosity and affinity of the curing process was investigated. The results show that the viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of the slurry decreased with the time increased. The surface tension value of slurry is the maximum when its viscosity is the minimum. The trend of the surface tension change showed a rapid growth and then tended to be stable. When the curve is stable, the surface tension value is the equilibrium surface tension of the slurry. Through the calculation and analysis, the mathematical model of viscosity and affinity of CW epoxy resin was established.

Nanofiltration for the recovery of caustic cleaning-in-place solutions: robustness towards large variations of composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
GENEVIÈVE GÉSAN-GUIZIOU ◽  
EVELYNE BOYAVAL ◽  
GEORGES DAUFIN
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Initial Membrane ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Surface Tension Change

In the dairy industry re-use and multi-use cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems are operated by circulating chemicals and water without taking the equipment apart. The solutions, which become polluted due to the removal of fouling compounds, are drained periodically when they are considered to be too polluted. This work shows the large variations in composition (pollution, surface tension, etc) of the industrial caustic solutions coming from milk standardization and pasteurization plant CIP throughout their life time (7 days) and from 1 week to another. The work is also intended to show how nanofiltration (1 kg mol−1 molecular weight cut-off) was robust and performed well, with good recovery of caustic solutions, even when faced with large variations of solutions composition: high caustic yield, permeation flux (J) in the range 42–110 l h−1 m−2, average chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction equal to 0.58 and low surface tension change. Equations have been established for the prediction of J as a function of initial membrane hydraulic resistance (Rm) caustic concentration, volume reduction ratio (VRR) and initial soluble COD. When VRR increased, both J and pollution retention decreased despite the increase in irreversible fouling induced by the increase of soluble pollution concentration in retentate . The higher the initial soluble COD, the sharper the decrease in J vs. VRR. Since irreversible fouling was usually small (0.1–3.4×1013 m−1, that is to say of the same order of magnitude as Rm), the membrane cleaning could be efficiently performed by using single phase sodium hypochlorite alternately with a more expensive acid–base cleaning sequence. The obtained permeate was a clear regenerated cleaning solution with low soluble COD (0.2–3.5 g/l) and surface tension (56–30 mJ m−2) which could be successfully exploited owing to its cleaning potential.

Surface Activity and Emulsifying Effect of Non-Toxic Starch Nanocrystal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4051-4054
Author(s):  
Young-Ha Hwang ◽  
Kwan Hyung Cho ◽  
Hye-In Kim ◽  
Hee-Cheol Kim ◽  
Sung Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Wilhelmy Plate ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Wilhelmy Plate Method ◽  
Surface Tension Change

The purpose of this study is to investigate the surface activity of starch nanocrystals (SNC), material derived from starch, and confirm their usefulness as a surfactant. In order to evaluate the surface activity, the surface tension change of suspended SNC solution via the Wilhelmy plate method was measured and the values were compared with various synthetic surfactants. The effect of SNC as emulsifier was evaluated on emulsion formation and physical stability. The surface tension of the SNC-dispersed solution was decreased while its concentration was increased. When the 5.0% (w/v) of SNC was added, the surface tension was decreased from 70.3 to 49.5 mN/m. It was confirmed that the physical stability of the emulsion prepared by adding the SNC was improved compared to that of surface inactivity material (PEG 400). The phase separation was observed within 1 hour after preparation of the emulsion containing PEG 400, but the emulsion containing SNC was stable for 5 hours or more. To summarize this study, SNC, a natural-derived and non-toxic material, exhibits sufficient surface activity, thereby confirming the possibility of being applied to the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Study on Droplet Formation With Surface Tension for Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Nozzle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hong Lee ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Hung ◽  
Han Seo Ko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Surface Tension Force ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Droplet Ejection ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Onset Voltage ◽  
Surface Tension Change

Droplet ejection from an Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet nozzle depends on many factors such as an onset voltage, liquid conductivity, surface tension, etc. Since the surface tension has an influence on the contact angle between the nozzle surface and the liquid droplet, the surface tension change should be investigated for the control of the droplet ejection. In this study, surfactant which can weaken the surface tension force was used to analyze the effect of the surface tension. Furthermore, hydrophobic coating of the nozzle surface was considered as another factor for the droplet ejection. Also, a flow visualization technique was developed to observe the droplet formation and ejection from the EHD inkjet nozzle by various surface tension values.

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