Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hexagonal Columnar-Shaped Calcium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Tang ◽  
Xiang Yong Chen ◽  
Wei Bing Hu ◽  
Gui Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hexagonal Columnar

Calcium carbonate was obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized technique using calcium chloride and urea as the raw materials. The uniform aragonite hexagonal columnar-shaped calcium carbonate with a diameter of 3.0~4.0μm and 70~120μm in length were produced without any additives at the molar ratio of urea and calcium chloride 1.5:1, microwave power 600W. The morphology, size and crystal structure were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).The formation process of aragonite hexagonal columnar-shaped calcium carbonate was discussed.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles from Cockle Shells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. Nurul Islam ◽  
A. B. Z. Zuki ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
Mohd Zobir Bin Hussein ◽  
M. M. Noordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

A simple and low-cost method for the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles from cockle shells was described. Polymorphically, the synthesized nanoparticles were aragonites which are biocompatible and thus frequently used in the repair of fractured bone and development of advanced drug delivery systems, tissue scaffolds and anticarcinogenic drugs. The rod-shaped and pure aragonite particles of30±5 nm in diameter were reproducibly synthesized when micron-sized cockle shells powders were mechanically stirred for 90 min at room temperature in presence of a nontoxic and nonhazardous biomineralization catalyst, dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12). The findings were verified using a combination of analytical techniques such as variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDX). The reproducibility and low cost of the method suggested that it could be used in industry for the large scale synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles from cockle shells, a low cost and easily available natural resource.

Preparation of La–TiO2/Bentonite and Its Photodegradation Properties to Cyanide

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 4233-4238
Author(s):  
Qinglong Wang ◽  
Kexun Chen ◽  
Yali Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

The photocatalytic materials were prepared by sol–gel method: the main raw materials were tetrabutyltitanate and the lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, bentonite was the carrier to support TiO2.The properties of the composites were characterized by specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The photocatalytic degradation of cyanide waste water was used to assess the photocatalytic activity of the materials. The experimental results showed that the suitable content of lanthanum and roasted temperature could improve the photocatalytic activity. When the composites were roasted at 400 °C and the molar ratio of La to Ti was 1%, the photocatalyst reached optimal performance.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence of shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anukorn Phuruangrat ◽  
Budsabong Kuntalue ◽  
Titipun Thongtem ◽  
Somchai Thongtem
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Abstract Shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure has been successfully synthesized from Ba(N03)2·4H20 and Na2MoO4·2H2O as starting materials in ethylene glycol solvent containing 20 mL 5 M NaOH by microwave radiation at 180 W for 30 min. The as- synthesized BaMoO4 product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photolumines­cence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns revealed that the products was tetragonal BaMoO4 phase. SEM and TEM characteriza­tion showed that the product had a shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure. PL of the shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure showed a maximum emission at 466 nm excited by 280 nm wavelength.

scholarly journals Synthesis of an optical catalyst for cracking contaminating dyes in the wastewater of factories using indium oxide in nanometer and usage in agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishaq F. E. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed I. El-Shenawy ◽  
Moamen S. Refat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract Herein, the photocatalytic degradation of the Congo Red (CR) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes in an aqueous solution were discussed in the presence of an indium(III) oxide (In2O3) as optical catalyst efficiency. The caproate bidentate indium(III) precursor complex has been synthesized and well interpreted by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and thermogravimetric (TGA) with its differential thermogravimetric (DTG) studies. The microanalytical and spectroscopic assignments suggested that the associated of mononuclear complex with 1:3 molar ratio (M3+:ligand). Octahedral structure is speculated for this parent complex of the caproate anion, CH3(CH2)4COO− ligand. The In2O3 NPs with nanoscale range within 10–20 nm was synthesized by a simple, low cost and eco-friendly method using indium(III) caproate complex. Indium oxide nanoparticles were formed after calcination of precursor in static air at 600°C for 3 hrs. The structural, grain size, morphological and decolorization efficiency of the synthesized NPs were characterized using the FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. It was worthy mentioned that the prepared In2O3 NPs showed a good photodegradation properties against CR and CV organic dyes during 90 min.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Exploration of Photocatalytic Activities of Polyoxometalate: Ni-CoWO4 Nanoparticles

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
Hamdah S. Alanazi ◽  
Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi ◽  
Naushad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
Cobalt Tungstate

This study demonstrated the hydrothermal synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt tungstate nanostructures, Ni-CoWO4 (NCW-NPs), and their phase structure, morphology, porosity, and optical properties were examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Raman instruments. It was found that as-calcined NCW-NPs have a monoclinic phase with crystal size ~50–60 nm and is mesoporous. It possessed smooth, spherical, and cubic shape microstructures with defined fringe distance (~0.342 nm). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) dye in the presence of NCW-NPs was evaluated, and about 49.85% of MB in 150 min and 92.28% of RB in 90 min degraded under visible light. In addition, based on the scavenger’s study, the mechanism for photocatalytic reactions is proposed.

One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Xia ◽  
Zong Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia ◽  
Fei Fei Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.

Study on Modified Rapeseed Oil/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1291-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lü ◽  
Jian Zhong Ma ◽  
Dang Ge Gao ◽  
Lei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

Modified rapeseed oil(MRO) was prepared by using rapeseed oil, ethylene diamine and acrylic acid as the raw materials. Modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite(MRO/MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using modified rapeseed oil and montmorillonite. The emulsifying properties of MRO and MRO/MMT were determined respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) results showed that MRO/MMT was prepared successfully. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that modified rapeseed oil could smoothly enter the interlayer of montmorillonite, and modified the montmorillonite; with an increase in the amount of montmorillonite, the layer spacing of montmorillonite in the MRO/MMT lower after the first increase. The results of emulsifying properties indicated that emulsifying properties of MRO/MMT was better than MRO.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1712-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Jia Jia Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.

Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Particles Size and Morphology of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani Sigwadi ◽  
Simon Dhlamini ◽  
Touhami Mokrani ◽  
Patrick Nonjola
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Ft Ir

The paper presents the synthesis and investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles that were synthesised by precipitation method with the effects of the temperatures of reaction on the particles size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stability at high temperature. The reaction temperature effect on the particle size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stabilized a higher temperature (tetragonal and cubic) phases was studied. Thermal decomposition, band structure and functional groups were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and the particle size were studied using (SEM) and (TEM). The shaped particles were confirmed through the SEM analysis. The transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles with the particle size. The FT-IR spectra showed the strong presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

Nitroxide radicals appended to phthalonitriles: synthesis, structural characterization and photophysical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Ismail Fidan ◽  
Emel Onal ◽  
Catherine Hirel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Nitronyl Nitroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ft Ir

The syntheses of 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl-2-yl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile (3, C21H19N4O3) and 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl-2-yl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile (4) were carried out by microwave-assisted nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 4-nitrophthalonitrile (2) by the pre-formed 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (1). Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized unambiguously by a rich array of analyses, such as melting point, FT–IR, MALDI–TOF MS, elemental analysis, UV–Vis, CV, EPR, magnetic measurements and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural studies demonstrate that the C—H...X and C—X...π (X = O and N) interactions in the radical nitronyl nitroxide groups play an important role in the assembly of the crystal structures. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry analyses show that the phthalonitrile substituent retains the redox properties of the Ullman radicals.

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