Effects of Mineral Fertilizers and Organic Manure Long-Term Application on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Black Soils in Harbin, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2925-2929
Author(s):  
Lian Feng Wang ◽  
Yan Jiao Qiao ◽  
Xi Linx Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Water Holding

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas. CO2emission from different long-term fertilized black soils was investigated by incubation experiment at soil water content of 70% water holding capacity. Maximal CO2flux was observed at the beginning of 24-h and 48-h incubation after the rewetting of dry soil. Combined fertilizer nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) with manure (M) emitted the highest CO2-C, was up to 175 mg kg-1. Compared to zero fertilization (CK), fertilizers application increased CO2emission (P<0.05). Single fertilization N, P and potassium (K) increased CO2emission 19%, 43% and 22%, respectively. Combined two-way or three-way fertilizer N, P and K also increased CO2emission. Based on mineral fertilization, additional organic manure application furthered CO2emission. Two-way fertilizers (NP, NK and PK) application with organic manure increased CO2emission at the percentage of 398, 13.8 and 29.1, respectively (P<0.05). Although organic manure application ameliorated soil chemical, physical and biological conditions, organic manure fertilization increasing CO2emission should be considered in agricultural practice.

scholarly journals The influence of fertilization and crop rotation on the winter wheat production

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babulicová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Term Field

In a long-term field experiment winter wheat was grown in crop rotations with 40, 60 and 80% proportion of cereals. Two levels of fertilization were used: H<sub>1</sub> &ndash; mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic fertilization Veget&reg;; H<sub>2</sub> &ndash; only mineral fertilization N, P, K. Winter what was grown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In&nbsp;2010&ndash;2012 the grain yield of winter wheat after pea was statistically higher at fertilization with mineral fertilizers N, P, K and organic manure Veget&reg; (7.15 t/ha) in comparison with mineral fertilizers only (6.65 t/ha). In crop rotation with 80% of cereals the grain yield of winter wheat after pea as a preceding crop was statistically higher&nbsp;(6.81 t/ha) than after winter barley (5.59 t/ha). The rising of grain yield at 1.9 t/ha was achieved by suitable preceding crop (pea) and by combined fertilization (mineral fertilizers N, P, K + organic manure Veget&reg;). The grain yield of winter wheat 5.24 t was obtained by mineral fertilization N, P, K only and after winter barley. By mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic manure Veget&reg;) and after pea as a preceding crop the grain yield of winter wheat 7.14 t/ha was reached.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESMENT OUTFLOWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: HIDDEN COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Ahmet Emrah TAYYAR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

The relationship between foreign direct investment, which is a type of cross-border and long-term investment, and environmental quality is a current issue that is heavily debated. Foreign direct invesments can ensure economic growth and development of countries, while also causing a change in environmental quality. In the research conducted, it is seen that changes in carbon dioxide emissions with foreign direct capital inflows are mainly investigated from the point of view of the host countries. However, foreign direct invesment outflows may have an impact on the environmental quality of the home country. Because foreign direct invesment outflows can enable the transfer of more environmentally friendly techonogies to the country and strengthen management skills. The impact of foreign direct investment outflows on the home country's environmental pollution is shaped by many factors (scale, technique, and composition effects). In addition to these effects, it is necessary to pay attention to the regional and sectoral distribution of capital outflows. The main aim of this study is to examine the links between Turkey's foreign direct invesment outflows and carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1990-2018. For this reason, a unit root test was applied to variables whose natural logarithm was taken. Tests showed that all series are stable of the same degree. Engle&Granger(1987) and Granger&Yoon(2002) tests were used to determine the cointegration relationship between variables. The crouching error correction model(CECM) was applied to determine the causality relationship. According to the results of the analysis; i) In terms of the Engle&Granger(1987) test, there was no long-term relationship between variables. ii) According to the Granger&Yoon(2002) test, it was determined that there is a bidirectional hidden cointegration relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iii) There is a bidirectional asymmetric causality relationship between the positive shocks of carbon dioxide emissions and the negative shocks of foreign direct invesment outflows. iv) It is observed that 1% negative shocks in foreign direct invesment outflows reduce positive shocks in carbon dioxide emissions by 0,26%. As a result, since negative situations in foreign direct invesment outflows have an effect on improving the quality of the environment, the environmental dimension should be taken into account in the policies to be made.

scholarly journals Simplified Method for Defining 2-Dimensional Design Failure Curve of Marine Silty Sand under Dynamic Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Su-Won Son ◽  
Jong-Chan Yoon ◽  
Jin-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Failure Curve ◽  
Drawing Technique

Global warming is becoming worse owing to carbon dioxide emissions around the world, and eco-friendly energy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions is gaining importance. Wind power plants are the most representative of the environmentally friendly energy power plants built in the ocean. The fatigue loading and long-term dynamic behavior of offshore soils are important considerations in the construction of structures such as wind turbines in the ocean as they are subject to long-term loads such as wind and wave loads. A design graph presents the short- and long-term behaviors of soil. Several laboratory tests are typically conducted to create design graphs. In this study, a cyclic simple shear test conducted at various confining pressures and relative densities is presented in design graphs. The authors analyzed the sensitivity of the relative density and the confining pressure, and proposed a drawing technique to easily create two-dimensional design graphs. The authors found that the effect of the relative density on the design failure curve was higher compared with that of the confining pressure. The elliptic equation graph achieved the best match to the design failure curve, and the design failure curve drawing technique was summarized in five stages. In addition, the normalized cyclic stress ratio graph to distinguish safety or failure was presented.

scholarly journals Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S.J. Tol ◽  
Stephen W. Pacala ◽  
Robert H. Socolow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Term Energy

The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM NEWCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).

scholarly journals The Linkage among Sea Transportation, Trade Liberalization and Industrial Development in the context of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Empirical Investigation from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kalaycı ◽  
Cihan Özden
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Short Run

AbstractThe major goal of this paper is to focus on the existing literature regarding the linkage between maritime, trade liberalization and industrial development in the context of CO2 by using econometrical model. In this context, it is attempted to reveal the effects of independent variables on CO2 (dependent variable) for China from 1980 to 2013 (annual data) by implementing Phillips-Perron (PP), Zivot-Andrews unit root tests, FMOLS, DOLS, CCR, ARDL and GMM methods. According to results of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR models there is a long-term stable relationship between sea transportation, trade liberalization, industrial development and carbon dioxide emissions which is proved empirically. Similarly, Short term ARDL estimation results reveal that the main determinants of CO2 in the short-run are changed in industrial development and maritime transport at 1% significance level. Table 6 summarizes the short-term ARDL results and the findings regarding the error correction model. According to Table 6, error correction model works in order to reach short-run adjustment. In the short term, approximately 78% of shocks in industrial development, maritime transport and trade liberalization are compensated within a period of time and the system is re-established in the long term. China produced half of the 1.2 million electric media used worldwide; the government directs its attention to the rehabilitation and reuse of all these lithium-ion batteries. Large-scale production of biofuels can still be several years away. Crude oil might be very difficult to promote alternative fuels on a national scale unless crude oil prices surge so high as to become unaffordable. Authorities underline: China will become the world’s number one economy. Now renewable energy will be more important, which should be encouraged to use by government on transportation so as to reduce the CO2 emissions. However, China can be leader excess oil use for transport if they want to dominate the economy worldwide.

Long-term ocean oxygen depletion in response to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Shaffer ◽  
Steffen Malskær Olsen ◽  
Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Depletion

scholarly journals Alternative Fuel Vehicles Today and Their Impacts in the Transportation industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul M. Miraz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fuel Costs

Canadians are concerned about their environment around them, global warming and also related issues regarding this aspect. But on the other hand many donʼt realize that the cars and trucks that they drive are a major source of these problems, and that there are alternative choices of transportation that they can make out there. Majority of us drive or ride in vehicles that are powered by petroleum based fossil fuels i.e. gasoline or diesel. But some people, however, are choosing to drive vehicles that run on smaller amounts of fuel, and/or partially or completely on fuels other than diesel or gasoline. These types of advanced and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) help reduce our dependence on foreign oil imports, save us money on fuel costs, and improve our air quality. Alternative fuels nowadays have received some attention as a potential option to curtail the carbon dioxide emissions form vehicles. My project report discusses the feasibility and desirability of the use of alternative fuels as a strategy to mitigate automotive carbon dioxide emissions. For example what types of impact are we to expect in the transportation industry due to alternative fuel vehicles and are they economically feasible to consumers? And what type of long-term benefits do they offer? And if a person is willing to know more about these alternative fuel vehicles that are out in the market, where should they go for more information? It is a type of a summary of all the aspects about alternative fuel vehicles and their pros and cons.

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