The Development of a New Type Aluminium Anode for Deepwater Cathodic Protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li Li ◽  
Yong Gui Yan ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
New Type ◽  
Aluminium Anode

The electrochemical behaviour of a new type Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Ga-Mn anode suitable for deepwater cathodic protection was investigated. The current efficiency experiment was carried out in various simulated deepwater environment, and the EPMA and SKP technologies were also used. The results showed that the anode had uniform dissolution morphology in simulated deepwater environment. The current efficiency was always higher than 90% in all the experiment conditions.

The coulometric titration of the derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene by generated trivalent titanium

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Helena Kvapilová ◽  
Tibor Pastor ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Coulometric Titration ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
System A ◽  
Current Density Range ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Trivalent Titanium ◽  
A Current

Conditions for the coulometric generation of titanium(III) ions in buffer medium in the presence of sodium citrate were found on the basis of a study of the electrochemical behaviour of the Ti(III)/Ti(IV) system. A current efficiency of 100% was attained in acetic acid solution (c = 1 mol l-1) containing citric acid (c = 0.2 mol l-1) and titanium (IV) chloride (c = 0.1 mol l-1), with pH adjusted to 6 using sodium hydroxide, in the current density range 0.5 to 10 mA/cm2 using a mercury electrode and 1 to 2 mA/ cm2 using a paraffin-impregnated spectrographic carbon electrode. It was found that methanol does not affect the current efficiency at contents of up to 33% (v/v) and conditions were found for the coulometric titration of small amounts (0.2-2 mg) of some genotoxic derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene.

Ruthenium-Komplexe mit Diazadienen, IX. Ein neuartiger Chromophor aus zwei Diazadien-Ruthenium-Einheiten — Struktur und Eigenschaften von [(CO)2(DAD)CH3Ru- RuCH3(DAD)(CO)2] (DAD = ipr—N=CH—CH=N —ipr) / Ruthenium Complexes with Diazadienes, IX. A New Chromophore from Two Diazadiene Ruthenium Units — Structure and Properties of [(CO)2(DAD)CH3Ru -RuCH3(DAD)(CO)2] (DAD = ipr-N = CH -CH = N -ip r)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heindirk tom Dieck ◽  
Wolfgang Rohde ◽  
Ulrich Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
New Type ◽  
R Value ◽  
Electron Reduction ◽  
D Orbitals ◽  
Narrow Absorption Band

The two-electron reduction of [(DAD)Ru(CO)2I2] (DAD = RN = CH -CH = NR ) gives the reactive ruthenates(O) [(DAD Ru(CO )2I]-, which add organic electrophiles to afford iodoruthenium organic com pounds such as [(DAD)Ru(CO)2(CH3)I] 3. Their electrochemical behaviour depends on the steric requirem ents of the D A D involved. With a small DAD (R = ipr) the oneelectron reduction gives a Ru(I) interm ediate, which finally yields a stable Ru-Ru-bonded dimer 4. With a bulky DAD(R - CH (ipr)2) the reduction proceeds to the organoruthenates [(DAD)Ru(CO)2R]-. The structure of the dimer 4 was determined by a single crystal X-rax diffraction study: C22H38N4O4Ru2 (624.69), space group F2dd, a = 9.944(2), b = 20.414(3), c = 27.644(5) Å , V = 5611,3(3) Å3, Z = 8; final R-value 0.034 from 2011 reflections. The molecule shows two almost planar (DAD )Ru(CO)2 units, which are staggered with respect to the Ru -Ru single bond. The methyl groups occupy the positions trans to this M-M bond. 4 represents a new type of chromophore with only one very intense and rather narrow absorption band near the infrared (λmax = 745 , ε = 30000 cm2 mmol-1), arising from the presence of a high-lying a-orbital, an antibonding combination of occupied d-orbitals and low-lying D A D π*-orbitals of proper symmetry.

scholarly journals Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1749-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L Kanibolotsky ◽  
Neil J Findlay ◽  
Peter J Skabara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Conjugated Systems ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Type

The aim of this review is to give an update on current progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of thiophene-based conjugated systems bearing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units. We focus mostly on the synthesis of poly- and oligothiophenes with TTF moieties fused to the thiophene units of the conjugated backbone either directly or via a dithiin ring. The electrochemical behaviour of these materials and structure–property relationships are discussed. The study is directed towards the development of a new type of organic semiconductors based on these hybrid materials for application in organic field effect transistors and solar cells.

High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes of phosphorescent PtAg2heterotrinuclear acetylide complexes supported by triphosphine

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3072-3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Peng Li ◽  
Xin-Xia Fan ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Xian-Chong Zeng ◽  
Jin-Yun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
External Quantum Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Heterometallic Cluster ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
New Type ◽  
Heterometallic Cluster Complexes

Platinum(ii)–silver(i) heterometallic cluster complexes are used as a new type of phosphorescent dopant to achieve high-efficiency OLEDs with 67.4 cd A−1peak current efficiency (CE) and 17.4% external quantum efficiency (EQE).

Electrochemical Behaviour of Zink Electrode in an Neutral Environment at Polarization with Industrial Alternating Current

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
S.S. Bitursyn ◽  
A.B. Bayeshov ◽  
M. Sarbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Titanium Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Zinc Dissolution

The article deals with the process of electrochemical dissolution of zinc polarization by alternating current of 50 Hz frequency in a solution of sodium sulfate. The influence of various parameters on the current efficiency of zinc dissolution was considered: the current density on the titanium and zinc electrodes, electrolyte concentration, duration of electrolysis and temperature of electrolyte. It was shown that at change of current density on the titanium electrode from 10 kA/m2 up to 70 kA/m2 current efficiency of zinc dissolution increases (55%), and further down. At change of current density of zinc electrode from 200 A/m2 to 800 A/m2, electrolysis time from 0.25 to 2.0 hours and increase of temperature from 20°C to 80°C the current efficiency of dissolution decreases and with increasing concentrations of sodium sulphate increases to 90%. Based on the results shown it is possible to create a waste-free synthesis of zinc compounds from environmental harmful residues of zinc metal by electrochemical technology.

Electrochemical Behaviour of Hydrogen in Low-Viscosity Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matsumiya ◽  
K. Tsunashima ◽  
S. Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Proton Conducting Membrane ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
New Type ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

The electrochemical and diffusive properties of hydrogen in low-viscosity phosphonium ionic liquids were investigated by the electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The hydrogen redox reactions were concluded to be a quasi-reversible system in phosphonium-based ionic liquids. The diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in these ionic liquids were of the order of 10-10 m2 s-1 at 25 ° C. Additionally, the obtained activation energy of the diffusion process for hydrogen was 11.2 - 15:9 kJ mol-1 estimated from the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients. A new type of proton conducting medium such as triethylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide was synthesized by the neutralization reaction, because the trialkylphosphine-based ionic liquids with good stability at higher temperature and high conductivity were appropriate candidates. This proton conducting membrane containing the ionic liquids with trialkylphosphine-based cations and the polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene has been fabricated in the present study. The proton conducting membrane exhibits relatively high ionic conductivity along with good mechanical stability.

The Microstructure of Shock-Synthesized Diamond

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
Lucien F. Trueb
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Texture Pattern ◽  
Shock Process ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Diagram

A new type of synthetic industrial diamond formed by an explosive shock process has been recently developed by the Du Pont Company. This material consists of a mixture of two basically different forms, as shown in Figure 1: relatively flat and compact aggregates of acicular crystallites, and single crystals in the form of irregular polyhedra with straight edges.Figure 2 is a high magnification micrograph typical for the fibrous aggregates; it shows that they are composed of bundles of crystallites 0.05-0.3 μ long and 0.02 μ. wide. The selected area diffraction diagram (insert in Figure 2) consists of a weak polycrystalline ring pattern and a strong texture pattern with arc reflections. The latter results from crystals having preferred orientation, which shows that in a given particle most fibrils have a similar orientation.

New type electron gun with electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
T. Ichinokawa ◽  
H. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Maximum Brightness ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Ideal

I. IntroductionThermionic electron gun with the Wehnelt grid is popularly used in the electron microscopy and electron beam micro-fabrication. It is well known that this gun could get the ideal brightness caluculated from the Lengumier and Richardson equations under the optimum condition. However, the design and ajustment to the optimum condition is not so easy. The gun has following properties with respect to the Wehnelt bias; (1) The maximum brightness is got only in the optimum bias. (2) In the larger bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with increasing the bias voltage on account of the space charge effect. (3) In the smaller bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with bias voltage on account of spreading of the cross over spot due to the aberrations of the electrostatic immersion lens.In the present experiment, a new type electron gun with the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens is designed, and its properties are examined experimentally.

A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
B.L. Ramakrishna ◽  
N.N. Thadhani ◽  
D. Hianes ◽  
Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

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