The Reverse Osmosis Membrane System Design for Freshwater Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1539-1544
Author(s):  
Yan Yue Lu ◽  
An Ping Liao ◽  
Yang Dong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Minlp Problem

The reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process to make multiple freshwater from seawater has been studied in this work. The optimization method based on process synthesis has been applied to design the RO system. The optimum design problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem, which minimizes the total annualized cost of the RO system. The solution of the problem includes the optimal system structure and operating conditions, and the optimal streams distribution. The design method could also be used for the optimal selection of the types of membrane elements in each stages and the optimal number of membrane elements in each pressure vessel. The effectiveness of this design methodology has been demonstrated by solving a desalination case.

Generalized Field-Development Optimization With Derivative-Free Procedures

SPE Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 891-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obiajulu J. Isebor ◽  
David Echeverría Ciaurri ◽  
Louis J. Durlofsky
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Global Search ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Derivative Free

Summary The optimization of general oilfield development problems is considered. Techniques are presented to simultaneously determine the optimal number and type of new wells, the sequence in which they should be drilled, and their corresponding locations and (time-varying) controls. The optimization is posed as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and involves categorical, integer-valued, and real-valued variables. The formulation handles bound, linear, and nonlinear constraints, with the latter treated with filter-based techniques. Noninvasive derivative-free approaches are applied for the optimizations. Methods considered include branch and bound (B&B), a rigorous global-search procedure that requires the relaxation of the categorical variables; mesh adaptive direct search (MADS), a local pattern-search method; particle swarm optimization (PSO), a heuristic global-search method; and a PSO-MADS hybrid. Four example cases involving channelized-reservoir models are presented. The recently developed PSO-MADS hybrid is shown to consistently outperform the standalone MADS and PSO procedures. In the two cases in which B&B is applied, the heuristic PSO-MADS approach is shown to give comparable solutions but at a much lower computational cost. This is significant because B&B provides a systematic search in the categorical variables. We conclude that, although it is demanding in terms of computation, the methodology presented here, with PSO-MADS as the core optimization method, appears to be applicable for realistic reservoir development and management.

Optimal Number and Location of TCSC and Loadability Enhancement in Deregulated Electricity Markets Using MINLP

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Test System ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Non Linear Programming

This paper proposes a new method of optimal number and location of TCSC using mixed integer non-linear programming approach in the deregulated electricity markets. Optimal number and location of TCSC controller can effectively enhance system loadability and their placement is a crucial issue due to their high cost. Since, in the competitive electricity environment more and more transactions are negotiated, which can compromise the system security. Therefore, it has become essential to determine secure transactions occurring in the new environment for better planning and management. The system loadability has been determined in a hybrid market model utilizing the secure transaction matrix. The proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS).

Differential Return on Investment Optimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-211
Author(s):  
Reza Ghasemy Yaghin ◽  
Hadi Mosadegh ◽  
S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Unconstrained Model ◽  
System A ◽  
Investment Optimization ◽  
Non Linear

A two-echelon supply chain is studied that involves a retailer who faces demand from two or more market segments and enable to set different prices and marketing expenditures and a supplier who desires to find optimal number of shipments through an integrated system. A new mixed-integer non-linear fractional programming (MINLFP) model is developed. In order to solve the resultant MINLFP model, the constrained non-linear programming model is reformulated as an unconstrained one using penalty terms. Two meta-heuristics, namely simulated annealing (SA) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), are applied to solve the relaxed unconstrained model. Numerical results show that ICA can reach better solutions in comparison with SA. However, SA has the ability of providing more robust solutions which are converged to a good solution. The chapter concludes with superiority of SA.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Ultrasonic Frequency and Membrane Technology on Biodiesel Production from Chicken Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Seyyedeh Faezeh Mirab Haghighi ◽  
Payam Parvasi ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Jokar ◽  
Angelo Basile
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

In this study, the experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to evaluate the effect of ultrasound waves on biodiesel production from chicken feet oil. A two-step esterification–transesterification mechanism was employed to improve the biodiesel quality. The continuous (methanol-to-oil molar ratio and KOH catalyst amount) and discrete (frequencies, 25 and 45 kHz) variables were investigated using the experimental design method. The five-level three-factor response surface method (RSM) was assisted to optimize the biodiesel synthesis variables. Applying RSM based on the central composite design (CCD), a polynomial equation was fitted to the experimental data with the aid of Design-Expert software. The model accuracy was checked by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest yield of 89.74% could be achieved by using an M/O molar ratio of 12, a KOH concentration of 1 wt%, and an ultrasound frequency of 45 kHz. Finally, a mathematical model of biodiesel production in a membrane system was developed. The reaction rate constant was calculated as a function of ultrasonic frequency. Compared with the conventional method, the membrane system has significantly improved chicken feet biodiesel production’s reaction rate. The membrane is more effective at higher frequencies than at lower ones.

Pilot Study on Nanofiltration Seawater Softening for SWRO Desalination

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2178-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Wei Su ◽  
Yu Hong Wang ◽  
Xue Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Surface Separation ◽  
The World ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Seawater desalination has long been recognized as an important method for the solution of the world fresh water shortage, especially seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination. Recently the issue is again being raised for the newly developed pretreatment technology using nanofiltration (NF) membrane which has special separation properties owing to the charge characteristics of its surface separation layer. In this study, two kinds of commercial NF membrane have been studied in a pilot UF-NF Integrated Membrane System (IMS). Operating conditions was investigated and the results show that NF can be effectively used for the softening of seawater and provide excellent feed for SWRO.

scholarly journals Optimization of Distillation Sequences with Nonsharp Separation Columns

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Zengzhi Du ◽  
Yunlu Zhang ◽  
Jingde Wang ◽  
Jianhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Integer Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Minlp Problem ◽  
Separation Sequence ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Separation Columns

Nonsharp distillation sequences are widely used in industrial separation processes; however, most current research has not discussed this topic, except in sequences with heat integration under special operating conditions, including complex columns. The sequence with nonsharp separation has the features of general distillation sequences, which are usually optimized by adjusting the separation sequence and the design/operation parameters of each column in the sequence, making the optimization a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which is usually hard to solve. With inclusion of nonsharp separation columns, the sequence optimization becomes even more complicated and computationally intensive. This work aimed to optimize the distillation sequence, including nonsharp distillation alongside simple columns and dividing wall columns. Inspired by the dynamic programing method for sharp distillation sequence, a framework for automatic optimization is proposed to decompose the MINLP problem into integer programming (IP) and nonlinear programming (NLP) problems. The optimization processes of sharp and nonsharp distillation sequences are compared and the solution space in terms of the possible number of distillation sequences with nonsharp separation is discussed. Two optimization cases, including an industrial one, are included to validate the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Robust operation of microgrid energy system under uncertainties and demand response program

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Sahar Seyyedeh Barhagh ◽  
Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo ◽  
Kazem Zare ◽  
Ali Farzamnia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Stochastic Scheduling ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Demand Response Program

<span>Microgrid energy systems are one of suitable solutions to the available problems in power systems such as energy losses, and resiliency issues. Local generation by these energy systems can reduce the role of the upstream network, which is a challenge in risky conditions. Also, uncertain behavior of electricity consumers and generating units can make the optimization problems sophisticated. So, uncertainty modeling seems to be necessary. In this paper, in order to model the uncertainty of generation of photovoltaic systems, a scenario-based model is used, while the robust optimization method is used to study the uncertainty of load. Moreover, the stochastic scheduling is performed to model the uncertain nature of renewable generation units. Time-of–use rates of demand response program (DRP) is also utilized to improve the system economic performance in different operating conditions. Studied problem is modeled using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) package is used to solve the proposed problem. A sample microgrid is studied and the results with DRP and without DRP are compared. It is shown that same robustness is achieved with a lower increase in the operation cost using DRP.</span>

The Research of Cleaning Method of Membrane Modules in Ultrafiltration Pretreatment System

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Ying Wu ◽  
Feng Ying Shang ◽  
Cong Jie Gao ◽  
Yang Dong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Cleaning Method ◽  
Minlp Problem ◽  
Membrane Modules ◽  
And Control ◽  
Operation Cost

In ultrafiltration pretreatment system, regular cleaning is the key measure to prevent and control membrane fouling and scaling. The fouling model is modified and the criterion of cleaning is given in this paper. The cleaning method of membrane modules can be expressed as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem with the minimum total operation cost as target function during two years projection period while one month one period. The results of the example indicate that the cleaning strategy and solving method provided is effective for the membrane maintenance.

scholarly journals Operational Optimization of Large-Scale Parallel-Unit SWRO Desalination Plant Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Aipeng Jiang ◽  
Shu Jiangzhou ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Operational Optimization ◽  
Evolution Algorithm

A large-scale parallel-unit seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant contains many reverse osmosis (RO) units. If the operating conditions change, these RO units will not work at the optimal design points which are computed before the plant is built. The operational optimization problem (OOP) of the plant is to find out a scheduling of operation to minimize the total running cost when the change happens. In this paper, the OOP is modelled as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. A two-stage differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve this OOP. Experimental results show that the proposed method is satisfactory in solution quality.

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