Biomorphic Ceramics Based on Biological Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ya Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
Biomorphic Ceramics

Biomorphic ceramics is a novel inorganic materials with hierarchical structures derived from natural biological structures. In this paper, the properties of biomorphic materials are described. The preparation technologies of converting biological structures into biomorphic ceramics are summarized. At last the application and prospects of the ceramics in this field also are analyzed.

Tailoring the morphology of AlN: from 6-fold patterned crystals to multilayer hierarchical structures

CrystEngComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 4489-4496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayk H. Nersisyan ◽  
Seong Hun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hun Choi ◽  
Bung Uk Yoo ◽  
Tae-Hyuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Inorganic Nanocrystals

Combustion of inorganic powder mixtures is not only one of the chemical routes of fabrication of advanced inorganic materials but is also drawing attention as a high-temperature process to grow inorganic nanocrystals of various shapes and morphology.

Molecular biomimetics: nanotechnology and bionanotechnology using genetically engineered peptides

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1894) ◽  
pp. 1705-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candan Tamerler ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hybrid Functional ◽  
Molecular Biomimetics

Nature provides inspiration for designing materials and systems that derive their functions from highly organized structures. Biological hard tissues are hybrid materials having inorganics within a complex organic matrix, the molecular scaffold controlling the inorganic structures. Biocomposites incorporate both biomacromolecules such as proteins, lipids and polysaccharides, and inorganic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, silica, magnetite and calcite. The ordered organization of hierarchical structures in organisms begins via the molecular recognition of inorganics by proteins that control interactions and is followed by the highly efficient self-assembly across scales. Following the molecular biological principle, proteins could also be used in controlling materials formation in practical engineering via self-assembled, hybrid, functional materials structures. In molecular biomimetics, material-specific peptides could be the key in the molecular engineering of biology-inspired materials. With the recent developments of nanoscale engineering in physical sciences and the advances in molecular biology, we now combine genetic tools with synthetic nanoscale constructs to create a novel methodology. We first genetically select and/or design peptides with specific binding to functional solids, tailor their binding and assembly characteristics, develop bifunctional peptide/protein genetic constructs with both material binding and biological activity, and use these as molecular synthesizers, erectors and assemblers. Here, we give an overview of solid-binding peptides as novel molecular agents coupling bio- and nanotechnology.

Characterizing Hierarchical Structures of Natural Ivory

1991 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Zhang ◽  
F. Z. Cui ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
H. D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Chemical Environment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed investigation of the hierarchical and structural organization of the collagen-based aggregates in ivory. Ivory from African elephants is selected as the prototype in this study. A sophisticated architecture composed of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite-like particles is revealed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and TEN with selected area diffraction are employed to analyze the structure. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and infrared absorption spectroscopy give information about the composition and chemical environment of the atoms in ivory. It is found that the structure of ivory has a three-level hierarchical organization, which includes both organic and inorganic materials. In the structure the inorganic material exists inside an organic framework, located outside of the collagen fibrils in the extrafibrillar volume. This inorganic structure has a polycrystalline form. Both the chemical compositions and the chemical environment of the atoms in the hydroxyapatite-like particles in ivory are different from those in natural hydroxyapatite.

scholarly journals Mapping the Inorganic and Proteomic Differences among Different Types of Human Teeth: A Preliminary Compositional Insight

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Sharma ◽  
Simran Rastogi ◽  
Kaushal Kumar Bhati ◽  
Alagiri Srinivasan ◽  
Ajoy Roychoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

In recent years, studies on mineralized tissues are becoming increasingly popular not only due to the diverse mechanophysical properties of such materials but also because of the growing need to understand the intricate mechanism involved in their assembly and formation. The biochemical mechanism that results in the formation of such hierarchical structures through a well-coordinated accumulation of inorganic and organic components is termed biomineralization. Some prime examples of such tissues in the human body are teeth and bones. Our current study is an attempt to dissect the compositional details of the inorganic and organic components in four major types of human teeth using mass spectrometry-based approaches. We quantified inorganic materials using inductively coupled plasma resonance mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differential level of ten different elements, Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Potassium (K), Sulphur (S), Cobalt (Co), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al), and Copper (Cu) were quantified across different teeth types. The qualitative and quantitative details of their respective proteomic milieu revealed compositional differences. We found 152 proteins in total tooth protein extract. Differential abundance of proteins in different teeth types were also noted. Further, we were able to find out some significant protein-protein interaction (PPI) backbone through the STRING database. Since this is the first study analyzing the differential details of inorganic and organic counterparts within teeth, this report will pave new directions to the compositional understanding and development of novel in-vitro repair strategies for such biological materials.

Biogenic Inspiration for the Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Inorganic Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid R Heywood ◽  
Susan Hill ◽  
Kate Pitt ◽  
Paul Tibble ◽  
Stuart Williams
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Surfactant Aggregates ◽  
Particle Processing ◽  
Size And Morphology

ABSTRACTThe development of effective protocols for the control of crystal structure, size and morphology attracts considerable interest given the requirement for particles of modal size and shape in many areas of particle processing and the importance of crystallochemical selectivity in determining the exploitable properties of crystalline solids. In biological systems there are many examples of advanced “crystal engineering” in which materials are deposited in a highly controlled manner to produce crystal phases that are unique with respect to their structure, habit, uniformity of size and texture. A review of biomineralisation will show that while a complex array of strategies have evolved for regulating crystal growth, one feature is common to the biological paradigm. Interactions between supramolecular organic structures and the nascent inorganic solids play a fundamental role in controlling the deposition of the biominerals and ordering the assembly of these units into hierarchical structures. In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular recognition events, which take place at the organic-inorganic interface, a bio-inspired crystal chemical approach has been adopted. For this work organised organic assemblies (e.g. surfactant aggregates, peptide mimics, dendrimers) of precise molecular design (head group identity, packing conformation, primary sequence etc.) are being assayed for their effectiveness in controlling the nucleation and growth of crystals. It is evident from these studies that the chemical organisation of the polymeric microenvironment operates at the molecular level to control certain aspects of the nucleation, growth and stabilisation of inorganic particles. By systematically changing the molecular motif of the organic template we have established that the size, crystallographic orientation, growth and assembly of the mineral phase can be tailored to function. These results have relevance not only to our understanding of biomineralisation but also suggest a multiplicity of exploitable opportunities for the engineering of crystals.

Relationships between hierarchical structure and properties in macromolecular systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Macromolecular Systems

The most advanced macromolecular materials are found in plants and animals, and certainly the connective tissues in mammals are amongst the most advanced macromolecular composites known to mankind. The efficient use of collagen, a fibrous protein, in the design of both soft and hard connective tissues is worthy of comment. Very crudely, in bone collagen serves as a highly efficient binder for the inorganic hydroxyappatite which stiffens the structure. The interactions between the organic fiber of collagen and the inorganic material seem to occur at the nano (scale) level of organization. Epitatic crystallization of the inorganic phase on the fibers has been reported to give a highly anisotropic, stress responsive, structure. Soft connective tissues also have sophisticated oriented hierarchical structures. The collagen fibers are “glued” together by a highly hydrated gel-like proteoglycan matrix. One of the simplest structures of this type is tendon which functions primarily in uniaxial tension as a reinforced elastomeric cable between muscle and bone.

Limits for high-resolution electron microscopy of inorganic materials?

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The era of atomic-resolution electron microscopy has finally arrived. In virtually all inorganic materials, including oxides, metals, semiconductors and ceramics, it is possible to image individual atomic columns in low-index zone-axis projections. A whole host of important materials’ problems involving defects and departures from nonstoichiometry on the atomic scale are waiting to be tackled by the new generation of intermediate voltage (300-400keV) electron microscopes. In this review, some existing problems and limitations associated with imaging inorganic materials are briefly discussed. The more immediate problems encountered with organic and biological materials are considered elsewhere.Microscope resolution. It is less than a decade since the state-of-the-art, commercially available TEM was a 200kV instrument with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.2mm, and an interpretable resolution limit (ie. first zero crossover of the contrast transfer function) of 2.5A.

Biomimetic materials: An introduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarikaya ◽  
J. T. Staley ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
All Ceramic

Biomimetics is an area of research in which the analysis of structures and functions of natural materials provide a source of inspiration for design and processing concepts for novel synthetic materials. Through biomimetics, it may be possible to establish structural control on a continuous length scale, resulting in superior structures able to withstand the requirements placed upon advanced materials. It is well recognized that biological systems efficiently produce complex and hierarchical structures on the molecular, micrometer, and macro scales with unique properties, and with greater structural control than is possible with synthetic materials. The dynamism of these systems allows the collection and transport of constituents; the nucleation, configuration, and growth of new structures by self-assembly; and the repair and replacement of old and damaged components. These materials include all-organic components such as spider webs and insect cuticles (Fig. 1); inorganic-organic composites, such as seashells (Fig. 2) and bones; all-ceramic composites, such as sea urchin teeth, spines, and other skeletal units (Fig. 3); and inorganic ultrafine magnetic and semiconducting particles produced by bacteria and algae, respectively (Fig. 4).

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Shot-noise simulations of HREM images of polymer crystals

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Philippe Pradère ◽  
Edwin L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Lattice Images

High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) is a very powerful technique for the study of crystal defects at the molecular level. Unfortunately polymer crystals are beam sensitive and are destroyed almost instantly under the typical HREM imaging conditions used for inorganic materials. Recent developments of low dose imaging at low magnification have nevertheless permitted the attainment of lattice images of very radiation sensitive polymers such as poly-4-methylpentene-1 and enabled molecular level studies of crystal defects in somewhat more resistant ones such as polyparaxylylene (PPX) [2].With low dose conditions the images obtained are very noisy. Noise arises from the support film, photographic emulsion granularity and in particular, the statistical distribution of electrons at the typical doses of only few electrons per unit resolution area. Figure 1 shows the shapes of electron distribution, according to the Poisson formula :

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