Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 739-743
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
A.O. Akii Ibhadode ◽  
B.O. Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Fruit Processing

The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.

scholarly journals Species Richness and Carbon Footprints of Vegetable Oils: Can High Yields Outweigh Palm Oil’s Environmental Impact?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Robert Beyer ◽  
Tim Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
High Yields

Palm oil has been widely criticised for its high environmental impacts, leading to calls to replace it with alternative vegetable oils in food and cosmetic products. However, substituting palm oil would be environmentally beneficial only if the environmental footprint per litre oil were lower than those of alternative vegetable oils. Whether this is the case is not obvious, given the high oil yields of oil palm of up to 10 times those of alternative crops. Here, we combine global agricultural and environmental datasets to show that, among the world’s seven major vegetable oil crops (oil palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, groundnut, coconut, olive), oil palm has the lowest average species richness and carbon footprint associated with an annual production of one litre of vegetable oil. For each crop, these yield-adjusted footprints differ substantially between major producer countries, which we find to be largely the result of differences in crop management. Closing agricultural yield gaps of oil crops through improved management practices would significantly reduce the environmental footprints per oil yield. This would minimise the need for further land conversion to oil cropland and indeed could increase production to such an extent that a significant area of oil croplands could be ecologically restored.

scholarly journals Design and development of a manually operated oil palm crusher

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
CK Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Fruits

Palm growers in Bangladesh are currently facing problems to extract crude palm oil from FFB.  The traditional method of palm oil processing is time-consuming, laborious, hazardous, and inefficient resulting in the production of low-quality oil. Though mechanical processing is costly but produces good quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and the oil recovery rate is high. A low-cost mechanical (manually operated) oil palm crusher was designed and febricated in the workshop of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The crusher was designed by using Auto-Cad software. It was fabricated according to design parameters. It is fabricated by stainless steel (SS) shaft, stainless steel cylinder, mild steel (MS) hopper, (MS) hollow bars, MS pressure case cap & Bearing. It requires a very small rotating force. The cost of the crusher is only BDT 12000, which is within the buying capacity of the farmers of Bangladesh. Crusher was mounted on the table or bench. At first 500 gm fresh palm fruits were taken for experimentation. About 300 gm mesocarp and 200 gm oil palm kernel (nuts) were found from 500 gm oil palm fruits. Heating 300 gm mesocarp about 15 minutes and was weighted 280 gm mesocarp due to moisture loss. About 62 gm crude palm oil, 124 gm oil cake, 88 gm skum were collected from 280 gm mesocarp. The average m.c (wb) of fresh palm fruit was found 20.73%. The crushing capacity of the mesocarp of the crusher was o.84 kg/hr. The rotating speed of the screw was 26 rpm. Crude oil percentage was found 22.14%. The total time to extract 62 gm crude palm oil from 500 gm of fresh fruit was 1hr and 15 minutes. The weight of the crusher is 11 kg which is easy to operate by one man. The overall performance of the crusher was found quite satisfactory and could be useful for smallholder palm growers in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 60-70, 2021

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY

MODUS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Felix Wisnu Isdaryadi
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World

Abstract Palm oil is the most produced vegetable oil in the world today-approximately 37 million metric tons, andis entirely GMO-free. Oil palm produces up to 10 times more oil per hectare than soybean, rapeseed or sunfower. Although oil palm is a more sustainable source of vegetable oil than other oil crops, there is concern that the growing demand of palm oil for food and bio fuel could lead to rapid and ill-managed expansion of palm oil production and result in serious environmental and social consequences. It is vital that the production and use of palm oil must be done in a sustainable manner based on economic, social and environmental viability. It becomes clear that these actions are benefcial on one hand, but, on the other hand, might be harmful in the long run. The palm oil industry may result in rapid economic growth. However, it could also degrade the environment, whichin turn could lead to public health problems in the longer term, decreasethe productivity and harm the economy.Keywords: palm oil industry, business ethics, environment, economy.

Industri Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dalam Konteks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josina Waromi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Domestic Products

<p><em>Palm Oil is versatile crops. In general, most of products coming from fresh fruit bunch (FFB) producing crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) are used for food, oleo chemical and biofuel. Besides that, its leaves and empty fruit bunch can be used for natural fertilizer, pulp and paper. Palm oil crops also give benefits for countries that produce palm oil crops. For example, in Indonesia, palm oil crops not only have numerous contributions to gross domestic products (GDP) but also it creates employment, increases income level of farmer� and provides basic amenities and infrastructure in rural area where the oil palm plantation there.�</em><em>However, palm oil crops have some negative impacts for environment. The expanse of oil palm plant

scholarly journals STUDI AWAL GRADING BUAH SAWIT DENGAN BANTUAN INJEKSI TEGANGAN LISTRIK SEARAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Andri Saputra ◽  
Wahyu Candra ◽  
Yan Soerbakti ◽  
Romi Fadli Syahputra ◽  
Defrianto Defrianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
The Impact

Maturity progress of palm fruit is greatly depending on the availability of nutrients and environments. Determining maturity level of palm fruit is important to evaluate the quality of palm oil fruits. The younger or too mature fruits will produce poor quality of crude palm oil (CPO). An appropriate devices are needed that can measure the level of fruit maturity so that uniformity of maturity grade can be carried out to obtain high quality CPO. This research provides a preliminary study of voltage change on the surface of oil palm seeds which subjected by electric potential. The low directional voltage (DC) injection treatment, ~ 10V, was applied to investigate the impact of applied voltage on palm oil seeds with three different levels of maturity, i.e. immature (young), ripe and over ripe . The results shown that oil palm fruit quite quickly responds to injection of DC applied voltage with different responding voltage. This responding voltage tends to increase with increasing maturity levels, but decreases for over ripe fruit which has falling down and starting to dry out. 

scholarly journals A Bench-Top Machine for Oil Palm Mesocarp Separation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Nongyao Mueangdee ◽  
Suteera Prasertsan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fibrous Matrix ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Steel ◽  
Small Holes

Palm oil is rich in carotenoids and the major component of its glycerides is the saturated fatty acid palmitic. Because of its economic importance as high-yielding source of edible and technical oils, the oil palm is now grown as a plantation crop in most countries with high rainfall in tropical climates within 10 of the equator. The individual fruit ranging from 6 to 20 gm, are made up of an outer skin (the exocape), a pulp (mesocarp) containing the palm oil in a fibrous matrix; a central nut consisting of a shell (endocarp); and the kernel, which itself contains an oil, quite different to palm oil, resembling coconut oil (Poku, 2002). Nowaday in Thailand there is no small-scale suitable machine for farmers to separate palm mesocarp from palm nut. This research aims to develop a machine to separate palm fruit mesocarp to yield palm oil of better quality. The machine has four units, namely a mechanical power unit, feed unit, mesocarp milling unit, and discharge unit. The vital part is the mesocarp milling disc, which is the main report of this paper. There are three types of discs according to the surface typography under this study: 1) a disk with small holes and rectangular steel bars on the disk surface; 2) a disk with small holes, each with 1.2 centimeter diameter; 3) a disk with small holes and small steel items on the disk surface. It was found that the highest yield was obtained from the disk with small steel items and can separate mesocarp cleanly from the palm fruit.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Algortima K-Means Clustering Sebagai Pengamanan Pencurian Buah Kelapa Sawit Se-Distrik Tandun PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Aristu Fahri Tanjung ◽  
Tengku Mohd Diansyah ◽  
Rismayanti Rismayanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Data Mining Algorithms ◽  
Mining Algorithms

Oil palm fruit theft at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V still occurs frequently, especially in one district, Tandun District which has 6 oil palm and rubber plantations. The high rate of theft of oil palm fruit causes a decrease in the production of oil palm fruit and palm kernel. This study discusses the use of the K-Means Clustering algorithm as one of the data mining algorithms in grouping data on palm oil theft in the oil palm plantation area of Tandun District. With a number of theft data, this study enables the discovery of the potential for theft of oil palm fruit in the location of oil palm plantations at low, medium and high levels. K-Means Clusering algorithm calculation uses 3 supporting parameters, namely the area of each afdeling, the number of fruits that have been saved, and the number of fruits that have been stolen. After knowing the locations that have the potential for theft of oil palm fruit, the company can implement a strategy to safeguard those potential locations.

scholarly journals Protection of biodiversity in concession of sustainable palm oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
Naswar ◽  
Maskun ◽  
Achmad ◽  
Hasbi Assidiq ◽  
Siti Nurhaliza Bachril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
World Population ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Oil Crops

Abstract The increasing population growth is in line with the increasing world demand for vegetable oil. In 2050, the world population is projected to reach 9.8 billion people. With this population, the world’s vegetable oil needs reach 310 million tons. Total vegetable oil production in 2018 was only 200.8 million tons. The oil crops biologically have a potential to produce vegetable oil much more than with other plants in the same area of land. It means that it is economically more efficient than others. However, an unavoidable fact is that the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has encroached on forest areas, destroying biodiversity, and threatening environmental sustainability. Of the 9.1 million hectares of deforestation occurred in 2001 to 2016, 2.1 million hectares or 23% of the national deforestation turned to oil palm. In addition, of the 16.8 million hectares of Indonesian palm oil cover, 3.4 million hectares or 20.2% of oil palms are in forest areas. This article aims to diagnose the norms of biodiversity protection with the approach of protecting high conservation value areas and high carbon stocks in oil palm plantation concessions. Normatively referring to the concept of sustainable palm oil plantations, companies are obliged to protect areas that have high biodiversity values and high carbon stocks in their concession areas and are prohibited from being converted. This norm is very important to protect biodiversity in oil palm concessions. Unfortunately, Indonesia’s positive law does not yet have an optimal legal framework to protect this area, so it is necessary to strengthen specific norms and policies to protect biodiversity in sustainable palm oil plantation concessions.

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