The Experimental Study of New-Type Water-Cooling PV/T Collector

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Jun Li ◽  
Zhen Hua Quan ◽  
Yao Hua Zhao ◽  
Na Na Guo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
T System

A new photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system based on the micro plate heat pipe is established in this paper, and the experimental study is conducted for nature convection, forced circulation cooling and common PV module. the experiment carried out on May showed that the highest temperature were 50°C and 52°C respectively for nature convection and forced circulation cooling module, the daily average electrical efficiency were relatively increased by 13.1% and 6.1% than common PV modules, the total efficiency ηo reached 54.2% and 50.3%, and the primary-energy saving rate were 73.1% and 68%.the result indicates that in the new PV/T system the temperature of the PV modules is reduced, the electrical efficiency is keeping at a high level, and the waste heat can be made good use to get hot water, therefore the solar energy utilization efficiency was raised greatly.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Effect of the Total Efficiency of Water and Air Used Together as a Working Fluid in the Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atmaca ◽  
İmdat Zafer Pektemir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
T System

The temperature of a PV (photovoltaic) panel increases when it produces electricity but its electrical efficiency decreases when the temperature increases. In addition, the electrical efficiency of the PV panel is very limited. To increase the PV efficiency, the rest of the solar irradiance must be used, together with the temperature being kept at an optimum value. With this purpose, an experimental study was conducted. Firstly, two specific photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems were designed. The first was the PV/T system which used only a water heat exchanger. The other one was the PV/T system that used a water and air heat exchanger. In the latter PV/T system, air passed through both the top of the PV panel and the bottom of it while water passed through only the bottom of the panel in a separate heat exchanger. In this way, the water and air absorbed the thermal energy of the panel by means of separate heat exchangers, simultaneously. In addition to the two systems mentioned above, an uncooled photovoltaic module was also designed in order to compare the systems. As a result, three different modules were designed. This study was conducted in a natural ambient environment and on days which had different climatic conditions. The thermal, electrical and overall efficiencies of each PV/T module were determined. The results were compared with the uncooled module electrical efficiency. The results showed that when water and air were used together, it was more efficient than single usage in a PV/T system. The thermal gain of the working fluids was also found to be fairly high and so, the gained energy could be used for different purposes. For example, hot air could be used in drying systems and air condition systems. Hot water could be used in hot water supply systems.

A Study on Waste Heat Recovery in Drain Water with Water-to-Water Heat Exchanger in Barbershops

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1231-1235
Author(s):  
Fang Tian Sun ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Xiao Gang Gong ◽  
Yun Ze Fan ◽  
De Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Water Heaters

Heat utilization efficiency of barbershop was about 16.7% in China, because the low-temperature waste water at 30～36°C was directly discharged into sewer. And match of energy grade was not appropriate, because electric water heaters were used to producing hot water at 55～70°C in most of barbershops. A waste heat recovery system with water-to-water heat exchanger (WHR-HE) was presented, according to heat utilization characteristics of barbershop and scientific principle of energy utilization. WHR-HE was analyzed by the first Law of thermodynamics and economics. The analyzed results show that energy consumption can be reduced about 75%, and incremental payback period is less one year for WHR-HE. There is optimal cold side temperature difference of water-to-water heat exchanger.

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency for a CCHP System With Available Microturbine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. Liang ◽  
Q. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation

This paper deals with the problem of energy utilization efficiency evaluation of a microturbine system for Combined Cooling, Heating and Power production (CCHP). The CCHP system integrates power generation, cooling and heating, which is a type of total energy system on the basis of energy cascade utilization principle, and has a large potential of energy saving and economical efficiency. A typical CCHP system has several options to fulfill energy requirements of its application, the electrical energy can be produced by a gas turbine, the heat can be generated by the waste heat of a gas turbine, and the cooling load can be satisfied by an absorption chiller driven by the waste heat of a gas turbine. The energy problem of the CCHP system is so large and complex that the existing engineering cannot provide satisfactory solutions. The decisive values for energetic efficiency evaluation of such systems are the primary energy generation cost. In this paper, in order to reveal internal essence of CCHP, we have analyzed typical CCHP systems and compared them with individual systems. The optimal operation of this system is dependent upon load conditions to be satisfied. The results indicate that CCHP brings 38.7 percent decrease in energy consumption comparing with the individual systems. A CCHP system saves fuel resources and has the assurance of economic benefits. Moreover, two basic CCHP models are presented for determining the optimum energy combination for the CCHP system with 100kW microturbine, and the more practical performances of various units are introduced, then Primary Energy Ratio (PER) and exergy efficiency (α) of various types and sizes systems are analyzed. Through exergy comparison performed for two kinds of CCHP systems, we have identified the essential principle for high performance of the CCHP system, and consequently pointed out the promising features for further development.

The Experimental Research on Instantaneous Efficiency of PV/T Module Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Quan ◽  
Lin Cheng Wang ◽  
Yao Hua Zhao ◽  
Yue Chao Deng ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Micro Heat Pipe ◽  
Key Factor

A novel photovoltaic /thermal (PV/T) module is invented, which use micro heat pipe array (MHPA), a flat heat pipe, to cool the solar cell. The PV/T module can achieve the purpose of cogeneration by collecting and utilizing waste heat while cooling the solar cell and improving power efficiency. In order to test the performance of PV/T module based on MHPA, instantaneous thermal efficiency test was performed. The intercept of measured instantaneous thermal efficiency curve can reach 41.4%, the slope is 3.95. The temperature of PV module is the key factor of the influencing electric efficiency. The PV/T modules electric efficiency is kept between 10.5% and 12.3% during the test. Solar energy utilization total efficiency at 20°C inlet temperature can reach more than 50%, and comprehensive performance efficiency can reach above 70%.

scholarly journals Impact of waste heat recovery systems on energy efficiency improvement of a heavy-duty diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheshu Ma ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Large Container

Abstract The increase of ship’s energy utilization efficiency and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have been high lightened in recent years and have become an increasingly important subject for ship designers and owners. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is seeking measures to reduce the CO2 emissions from ships, and their proposed energy efficiency design index (EEDI) and energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) aim at ensuring that future vessels will be more efficient. Waste heat recovery can be employed not only to improve energy utilization efficiency but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, a typical conceptual large container ship employing a low speed marine diesel engine as the main propulsion machinery is introduced and three possible types of waste heat recovery systems are designed. To calculate the EEDI and EEOI of the given large container ship, two software packages are developed. From the viewpoint of operation and maintenance, lowering the ship speed and improving container load rate can greatly reduce EEOI and further reduce total fuel consumption. Although the large container ship itself can reach the IMO requirements of EEDI at the first stage with a reduction factor 10% under the reference line value, the proposed waste heat recovery systems can improve the ship EEDI reduction factor to 20% under the reference line value.

Design Parameters for High-Efficiency Hybrid PV/Thermal Solar Energy Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Dutreuil ◽  
Hamid A. Hadim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
T System

With recently increasing focus on solar energy, there has been increased interest in hybrid PV/thermal (PV/T) solar energy systems. In the PV/T system, a thermal energy recovery system is implemented to remove waste heat from the PV cells, thereby decreasing their operating temperature, leading to enhanced overall energy performance of the PV cells. The possibility of the utilization of waste heat recovered for hot water or space heating makes the PV/T system highly attractive for building integration. The main objective of this study is to conduct a state-of-the-art review and compare existing PV/T systems in terms of the factors limiting their electrical and thermal performance. Critical design parameters for maximum efficiency of PVT systems are identified and practical recommendations for improved design of PVT systems are provided.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of a novel Solar PV/T Collector

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Jinwei Ma ◽  
Weiwei Tong ◽  
Tingyong Fang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Kesheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency

The output power of the solar photovoltaic panel decreases as the operating temperature increases. The use of photovoltaic/photothermal (PV/T) collectors not only effectively cools the operating temperature of the battery, increases photovoltaic power, but also produces hot water. Therefore, the PV/T collector improves the annual utilization efficiency of solar energy, and can meet the user's demand for different energies. This paper builds an experimental platform to compare the PV/T collector photovoltaic/photothermal performance and experimental comparison with traditional PV. The results show that the PV/T collector has a thermal efficiency of 31.5% and a photovoltaic efficiency of 17.82% at a flow rate of 0.023 Kg/s to achieve high efficiency in solar energy utilization.

scholarly journals Analysis of thermal and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal – PV/T modules operating in moderate climate at microscale

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Dorota Chwieduk ◽  
Jarosław Bigorajski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Single Family ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
T System

The paper presents an application concept for PV/T - Photovoltaic Thermal Technology in moderate climates (such as the Polish climate), at a micro scale, i.e. for a single family house. The paper analyses the operation of a PV/T system applied to Domestic Hot Water – DHW heating and electricity production. A mathematical model of the system operation has been developed. The paper focuses on modeling thermal and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal - PV/T modules. It also briefly presents the governing equations for the thermal energy balance of a storage tank, where thermal stratification effects take place. Some selected results of the numerical simulation of the PV/T system operation are described. Daily distribution of hourly averaged thermal and electrical efficiency of the PV/T modules without cover and with one glazing are presented. The PV/T systems do not give significant thermal energy output in winter. PV/T modules without glazing do not supply heat at all for three winter months, their highest thermal efficiency is in summer and it can be nearly 15%. In the same period glazed modules have efficiency equal to nearly 24%. However, the unglazed modules can give much more electrical energy in summer than those with glazing, and the electrical efficiency can reach the levels of 11.4% and 9.4%, respectively. In winter the difference is smaller, i.e. for unglazed the efficiency is 12.2%, and for glazed 11.2%.

The Experimental Study on Forced Circulation Solar Hot Water Supply

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Ming Zhang ◽  
Yi Ran Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
North China ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Hot Water Supply System

In recent years, global environmental problems and energy crisis are highly regarded. The research and development of new energy sources and energy saving are two key ways to solve the potential global energy shortage. The solar energy is important for its cleanliness and unexhausting. The solar water heaters are widely used in domestic hot water supply. The former natural cycle system had a lower performance of heat collection, insulation and convenience as well as conflict with architecture. It is necessary to develop a new style solar water heater in north china. This paper presents an forced circulation solar hot water supply system with spiral copper coil as heat exchanger in heat storage tank and plate solar collectors. It has high collection efficiency and it is consistent with the architecture. The system is full of antifreeze to solve the freezing problem in north china. The experimental study was conducted for solar hot water supply system. The experimental results indicate that the forced circulation solar hot water supply system has superior performance of heat collection and heat transfer. The average heat output is respectively 2.82kWh/m2 in spring, 3.13 kWh/m2 in summer and 2.73 kWh/m2 in autumn. The hot water output is respectively75.3L/m2.d in spring, 81.2 L/m2.d in summer and 56.5 L/m2.d in autumn if the temperature difference is 28°C.In addition, by use of the experimental measured data the long-term thermal performance can be forecast.

scholarly journals Integration of solid-oxide fuel cells and absorption refrigeration for efficient combined cooling, heat and power production

Clean Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Matuszny ◽  
Tohid N Borhani ◽  
Seyed A Nabavi ◽  
Dawid P Hanak
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Combined Cooling

Abstract Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems are characterized by a substantially higher energy-utilization efficiency compared to standalone systems. In this study, an integrated system comprising a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC), hot-water storage tank (HWST) and absorption refrigeration (AR) cycle is considered. The SOFC model was developed in Aspen Plus®. It was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of the exhaust gas that was then used to provide heat for the HWST and to drive the AR cycle. Thermodynamic models for the AR cycles were developed in Engineering Equation Solver, considering LiBr–H2O and NH3–H2O as working fluids. The sensitivity analysis of a number of SOFC output parameters has been carried out. The most optimal case was characterized with the coefficient of performance (COP) and CCHP efficiency of 0.806 and 85.2% for the LiBr–H2O system, and 0.649 and 83.6% for the NH3–H2O system, respectively. Under such optimal operating conditions, the SOFC was characterized by the net electrical efficiency of 57.5% and the net power output of 123.66 kW. Data from the optimal solution were used to perform the thermodynamic study and sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of different absorption cycle operating conditions and to identify possible applications for the considered integrated systems.

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