Influence of Weight Ratio of Citric Acid Cross Linker on the Structure and Conductivity of the Crosslinked Polymer Electrolytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Gui Jie Liang ◽  
Wei Lin Xu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Xiao Lin Shen ◽  
Mu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Cross Linker

A novel kind of efficient solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on crosslinked polyester matrix has been prepared by employing low molecular weight PEG (oligo-PEG, Mw = 400 g/mol), followed by crosslinking of the PEG with citric acid (CA). The oligo-PEG, with small coil size, can be easily penetrated into mesopores of TiO2 photoelectrode, while the mechanical stability of the SPE can also be maintained by crosslinking. The factor of weight ratio of CA cross linker in the hybrid plays an important role in determining the intersegmental distance and free volume of the polymer matrix, which sequentially affects the electrochemical activity of the conductive ions and then the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. By using the 32.4 wt.% CA in the matrix, the SPE with the optimal room temperature conductivity (σ) of 5.43×10-5 S/cm was obtained.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Ultraviolet-cured Polymer Electrolyte Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
M. Imperiyka ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
S. A. Hanifah ◽  
M. Y.A. Rahman ◽  
N. S. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Lithium Triflate ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Exponential Factor

Effect of lithium triflate (LiTf) concentration on the properties of poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) P(GMAco-MMA)-based solid polymer electrolyte was investigated. The copolymer of (GMA-co-MMA) was synthesized by photopolymerization method. P(GMA–MMA) was fixed at the ratio of 90:10 based on the conductivity result of the electrolyte film. The electrolyte samples were characterized using impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The room temperature conductivity was improved about six orders upon the addition of 30 wt. % LiTf salt into the polymer host. The highest room temperature conductivity was 1.4×10-6 S cm-1 at 30 wt. % LiTf. The highest conductivity of 1.25×10-4 S cm-1 was achieved at 393 K. The polymer electrolyte system exhibits Arrhenius-like behavior with the pre-exponential factor of 1.25×10-4 S cm-1 and activation energy of 0.39 eV. The electrolyte showed electrochemical stability window up to 3 V. The thermal stability increases with the salt concentration. The above results indicate that the electrolyte has potential for lithium ion battery application.

Electrical and structural properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube–doped polymer electrolyte for photo electrochemical device

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sachdeva ◽  
B Bhattacharya ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Abhimanyu Singh ◽  
SK Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Arrhenius Behavior ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

The present investigation deals with the preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-doped plasticized polymer electrolyte. The nanocomposite has been prepared using solution casting method. Complex impedance spectroscopy study revealed the utmost room temperature conductivity of 5.6 × 10−4 S/cm when optimized plasticized polymer electrolyte (poly(ethyl methacrylate)+30% sodium iodide+60% ethylene carbonate) was doped with 7% MWCNT. Temperature dependence of conductivity showed Arrhenius behavior. The surface morphology and crystalline–amorphous deviation of the composite was observed using scanning electron microscope. Perfect complexation of various components of the composite was confirmed from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The transference number measurement was done to calculate the proportionate amount of ionic and electronic conductivity. A dye sensitized solar cell has been fabricated using maximum ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte and its electrical parameters measured at 1 sun condition.

scholarly journals Effect of High Ammonium Salt Concentration and Temperature on the Structure, Morphology, and Ionic Conductivity of Proton-Conductor Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based PVA

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Maryam A. M. Saeed ◽  
Omed Gh. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Present System ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conducting

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based proton-conducting solid polymer electrolyte was prepared with a high salt concentration of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) by the technique of solvent casting. From the X-ray diffraction studies, the semicrystalline nature of PVA with the inclusion of NH4NO3 was studied. XRD analysis indicates that the highest ion conductive sample exhibits the minimum crystalline nature. The decreasing trend of Jonscher-exponent with temperature rise reveals that the present system is insured by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The maximum room temperature conductivity was found to be 5.17 × 10−5 S/cm for PVA loaded 30 wt.% of NH4NO3. The ionic transport of the proton-conducting solid polymer electrolyte was studied at the temperature range of 303–353 K. The conductivity-temperature relationship of the systems was analyzed using both the Arrhenius and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) models to explain the ionic hopping mechanism for the system.

UV-Cured polypropylene mesh-reinforced composite polymer electrolyte membranes

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Çakmakçı ◽  
Mustafa Hulusi Uğur ◽  
Atilla Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Composite Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate

AbstractIn this study, a polypropylene (PP) mesh was used to prepare proton- and Li+ conducting composite membranes for fuel cells and lithium rechargeable batteries, respectively. For the preparation of Li+ conducting membrane, polypropylene mesh was first immersed in an electrolyte solution, which was composed of LiBF4 and ethylene carbonate. Then the swollen membrane was immersed in an acetone solution of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoro-propylene and photoinitiator. Finally, PP fabric was taken out from the solution and exposed to UV irradiation. Furthermore, proton conducting membranes were prepared by immersing the PP mesh into a mixture of vinyl phosphonic acid, PEGDA and photoinitiator. Afterwards, samples were cured under UV light. PP-reinforced membranes designed for fuel cell applications exhibited a room temperature conductivity of 3.3×10-3 mS/cm, while UV-cured electrolyte for Li batteries showed ionic conductivities in the range of 1.61×10-3–5.4×10-3 S/cm with respect to temperature. In addition, for lithium-doped composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), the electrochemical stability window was negligible below 4.75 V vs. Li/Li+. It is concluded that lithium-doped CPE has suitable electrochemical stability to allow the use of high-voltage electrode couples.

Semi-interpenetrating solid polymer electrolyte based on thiol-ene cross-linker for all-solid-state lithium batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungdon Suk ◽  
Yu Hwa Lee ◽  
Do Youb Kim ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Song Yun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Cross Linker

Characterization of Plasticized Polyether-Urethane Solid Polymer Electrolytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Forsyth ◽  
P. Meakin ◽  
D. R. Macfarlane ◽  
A. J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Free Volume ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Host Polymer

AbstractThe effect of plasticizer addition on the density, conductivity, glass transition, and free volume behavior of salt containing polyether-urethanes has been examined. The addition of up to 1.5 molal LiC1O4 salt results in an effective crosslinking of the polyether-urethane chains due to the Li+ coordination with the oxygens of the host polymer. This crosslinking decreases inter- and intrachain separation and reduces polymer chain mobility as illustrated by increased density and Tg, decreased free volume, and, at salt concentrations greater than 0.6 molal, decreased conductivity. The addition of approximately 30 wt % tetraglyme plasticizer to the 1 molal LiC1O4/host polymer complex is shown to counter the effective crosslinking resulting in a decreased Tg to a value equal to that of the pure host polymer, increased conductivity, and increased average free volume cavity size to a value equal to that of the pure host polymer. However, the relative number of free volume cavities in the plasticized host polymer/salt complex remains fewer than that of the pure host polymer over the concentration range of plasticizer studied, and in a similar manner the density remains greater than that of the pure host polymer. The room temperature conductivity, free volume, and density behavior in conjunction with the Tg results suggest that the plasticizer addition leads to Li+ coordination with the oxygens of the plasticizer chains as well as increased mobility of the host polymer chains.

Effect of Nano-Porous Alumina Filler on Thermal and Electrical Transport Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte (PEO)12LiBF4

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M.J.C. Pitawala ◽  
M.A.K.L. Dissanayake ◽  
V.A. Seneviratne ◽  
B.E. Mellander ◽  
I. Albinsson
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Electrical Transport Properties ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement

onic conductivity, dielectric and thermal properties of (PEO)12LiBF4 solid polymer electrolyte, dispersed with nanoporous Al2O3 have been studied. Out of seven different compositions studied, the (PEO)12LiBF4 polymer-salt complex showed the highest conductivity with σ25 oC = 8.27 × 10-6 S cm-1. Dispersion of different weight ratio of nano-porous alumina fillers to this electrolyte showed that the composite electrolyte composition with 15 wt. % Al2O3 gave the highest conductivity with σ25 oC = 6.05 × 10-5 S cm-1. The glass transition temperature, Tg decreased from -35.3 oC to -43.2 oC and the PEO crystallite melting temperature, Tm decreased from 64.5 oC to 58.8 oC due to the incorporation of 15 wt. % Al2O3 filler, suggesting that the interaction between the PEO backbone and the Al2O3 filler have affected the main chain dynamics of the host polymer. As the presence of the filler results in an increased conductivity mainly due to an increased amount of amorphous phase in the electrolyte above Tm, another mechanism, directly associated with the filler particles, appears to contribute to the observed conductivity enhancement. A possible mechanism for this could be the creation of additional hopping sites and favorable conducting pathways for migrating ionic species though Lewis acid-base type interactions between ionic species and O/OH sites on the filler grain surface. Results of the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy agree with the suggestion that the increased mobility is largely responsible for the obtained conductivity enhancement caused by the nano- porous filler.

Thermal and Electrical Properties of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3-ZrO2 Nanocomposite Solid Polymer Electrolytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmiah Ibrahim ◽  
N.S. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Zro2 Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Free Volume Theory ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity

ZrO2 nano sized filler of different amounts is introduced into solid polymer electrolytes of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3-ZrO2. It is observed that the conductivity of the electrolytes varies with ZrO2 content and temperature. The highest room temperature conductivity achieved is in the order of 10-3 S cm-1 which is an increase of seven orders of magnitude compared to the conductivity of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3 (without filler). The temperature dependent conductivity follows the Vogel Tamman Fulcher relationship which can be described by the free volume theory. Transference number measurements using DC polarization method show that the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes are ionic conductors. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results show that the degree of crystallinity is slightly affected by the addition of ZrO2 nanofiller.

Ionic Transport in PMMA-NaCF3SO3 Gel Polymer Electrolyte

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zurina Osman ◽  
Siti Mariam Samin ◽  
Lisani Othman ◽  
Khairul Bahiyah Md. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Gel Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Mobility Of Charge Carriers

In this work, the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based gel polymer electrolyte samples have been prepared by the solution casting technique. The composition range of the salt was from 3 wt% to 35 wt%. The ionic conductivity of the samples was measured using a.c. impedance technique. The highest room temperature conductivity was obtained from the sample containing 30 wt% of NaCF3SO3 salt, i.e. 5.31 x 10-3 S cm-1. The increase in the ionic conductivity with increasing salt concentrations is due to the increase in both concentration and mobility of charge carriers. The decrease in ionic conductivity at higher salt concentrations can be explained by aggregation of the ions, leading to the formation of ion-pair, thus decreasing the number of charge carriers and hence the ionic mobility. The conductivity-temperature dependence obeys the Arrhenius rule from which the activation energy was evaluated. The ionic transference number estimated by dc polarization method revealed that the conducting species are predominantly ions.

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