Application of Benzyl Ester of Modified Vegetable Oils as Rubber Processing Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasleena Boontawee ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Sopa Chewchanwuttiwong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Benzyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Benzyl esters of fatty acids based on three types of vegetable oils (i.e., coconut, palm, and soybean oils) were in-house prepared. They were used as alternative rubber processing oil to replace conventional aromatic oil which has been banned by European community since December 2009. Fatty acids were first prepared by hydrolysis of vegetable oils and thereafter esterified with benzyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction based on molar ratio of fatty acid:benzyl alcohol:sulfuric acid was set at 1.5:1.0:0.05 gave yield of benzyl esters higher than 80%. Rubber compounds containing different types of benzyl ester were prepared according to the standard formulation of ASTM 3184. It was found that the processing oil in the form of benzyl esters is possible to use instead of aromatic oil in rubber formulation. Various parameters and properties include mixing energy, Mooney viscosity, curing, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of rubber compounds and vulcanizates have been investigated.

Comparative Properties of Vegetable Oil-Based Benzyl Esters and Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Natural Rubber Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasleena Boontawee ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Sopa Chewchanwuttiwong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Benzyl Esters ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
The One ◽  
Acid Esters

The vegetable oil tends to be incompatible and insoluble in the rubber hydrocarbon. They can migrate to the surface of the uncured rubber. To overcome this problem, fatty acid esters that are soluble in rubber material and minimize migration were prepared. Benzyl esters of three different types of vegetable oils (i.e., coconut, palm, and soybean oils) were prepared by reacting fatty acids of vegetable oil with benzyl alcohol. They were then used as processing oil in rubber compounding and processing compared with the one with unmodified vegetable oils. It was found that the benzyl esters of those oils provided the rubber compounds and rubber vulcanizates with superior Mooney viscosity, curing and mechanical properties. Furthermore, better dispersion of filler was observed compared with the rubber compound and vulcanizate with vegetable oil.

Hydrolysis of 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines in guinea pig heart mitochondria

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090-1095
Author(s):  
Ketan Badiani ◽  
Leona Page ◽  
Gilbert Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Although both 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine may be produced from phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, studies on the former have lagged behind that of the latter. In this study a lysophospholipase A2 that hydrolyses 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has been characterized in guinea pig heart mitochondria. The lysophospholipase A2 activity was not dependent on Ca2+ and was inhibited differentially by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. This lysophospholipase A2 activity was able to discriminate among different molecular species of 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines when they were presented individually or in pairs. The order of decreasing rates of hydrolysis of different molecular species of 2-lysophosphatidylcholines, when the substrates were presented singly, was 18:2 > 20:4 > 18:1 > 16:0. A differential inhibition of the rate of hydrolysis of the individual substrates was observed when the substrates were presented in pairs. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the molar ratio of the mixed substrates. The characteristics of the enzyme suggest that involvement in the selective release of fatty acids from mitochondrial phosphatidylcholine would depend on a high selectivity of phospholipase A1 for different molecular species of phosphatidylcholine. A lysophospholipase A1 activity was also characterized in the mitochondria with a distinct acyl specificity from the lysophospholipase A2. Other characteristics of the two lysophospholipases suggest that the two reactions are not catalysed by the same enzyme.Key words: lysophospholipases, mitochondria, fatty acid relase, heart.

Influence of Benzyl Ester Oil on Processability of Silica Filled NR Compound

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasleena Boontawee ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Sopa Chewchanwuttiwong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Benzyl Esters ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
Aromatic Oils

Modified benzyl esters from coconut, palm, and soybean oil were used as alternative rubber processing oil to replace distillate aromatic extract oil (DAE). The effect of benzyl esters on mixing, curing properties, polymerfiller interaction and Mooney viscosity was investigated in silica filled natural rubber compound. Benzyl ester oil was found to be effective processing oil with decreasing of mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. Furthermore, it was found that coconut and palm benzyl esters showed higher torque difference than the aromatic oil filled compound. Also, benzyl ester oil gave similar level of cure time and dynamic properties compared with the rubber compound with aromatic oils.

scholarly journals Emulsifying Characteristics of Gelatin Hydrolysate from Tilapia Skin Covalently Attached with N-hydroxysuccinimide Esters of Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Nurin Imana Hidayati ◽  
Retno Indrati ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Masahiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gelatin Hydrolysate ◽  
Hydroxysuccinimide Esters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This study aims to combine two modification methods, namely enzymatic hydrolysis and covalent attachment with hydrophobic groups, to increase the emulsifying properties of gelatin. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin resulted in higher contents of free amino groups, which could be attached to hydrophobic groups. Gelatin hydrolysates covalently attached with the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of C14:0 and C18:0 fatty acids at a molar ratio of 3.0 showed high emulsifying activity but low stability. Among the samples obtained, gelatin hydrolysate covalently attached with C18:0 at a molar ratio of 3.0 revealed the highest emulsifying activity; however, this sample cannot be considered the best emulsifier among the samples because of its low stability.

Epoxidation of Vegetable Oils, Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lewandowski ◽  
Marlena Musik ◽  
Kornelia Malarczyk-Matusiak ◽  
Łukasz Sałaciński ◽  
Eugeniusz Milchert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Acidic Catalysts ◽  
Acid Esters

A comprehensive review of recent existing methods of epoxidation of vegetable oils, unsaturated fatty acids and alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids has been presented. The importance of epoxidized vegetable oils and their applications in the production of polyols and polyurethanes was discussed. Interests of researchers have been mainly focused on the development of advantageous technological parameters of vegetable oils epoxidation. The epoxidations with peracetic acid or performic acid generated in situ were mainly performed in the presence of strongly acidic catalysts. The influence of process variables such as temperature, stirring speed, the molar ratio of carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the amount of ethylenic unsaturation, amount of catalyst and reaction time on the course of epoxidation has been investigated.

scholarly journals Naganishia cerealis IN1S2.5 oil production from the hydrolysate of NaOH-impregnated and catalyst steam explosion pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2987-3004
Author(s):  
Trinset Weeraphan ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
Ancharida Savarajara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cellulase Hydrolysis

NaOH-impregnation with catalyst steam explosion was found to be an efficient pretreatment method for oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as a substrate for oil production by Naganishia cerealis IN1S2.5. Cellulase hydrolysis of the pretreated OPEFB yielded glucose at 0.364 g/g. Investigation of N. cerealis IN1S2.5 oil production in the OPEFB hydrolysate revealed a maximum oil yield (2.46 g/L) when the C/P molar ratio of the OPEFB hydrolysate was adjusted to 25.71, supplemented with Ca2+ and Zn2+, and set to pH 4. The N. cerealis IN1S2.5 oil was comprised of oleic (37.6%), palmitic (36.2%), and steric (17.9%) acids, all (w/w), as the major fatty acids. Predicted properties of the produced biodiesel indicated the potential of N. cerealis IN1S2.5 oil as a biodiesel feedstock.

scholarly journals Production of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids from hydrolysis of vegetable oils and animal fat with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides lipase

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Sande ◽  
Gecernir Colen ◽  
Gabriel Franco dos Santos ◽  
Vany Perpétua Ferraz ◽  
Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals An unexpected behavior of H3PMo12O40 heteropolyacid catalyst on the biphasic hydrolysis of vegetable oils

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 8192-8199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Da Silva ◽  
M. G. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Heteropolyacid Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Unexpected Behavior

Fatty acids (FA) are key ingredients in formulating numerous high-value chemicals.

Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats to fatty acids over solid acid catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 391 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Satyarthi ◽  
D. Srinivas ◽  
P. Ratnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS IN SOAP PRODUCED FROM BLEND OF NEEM AND CASTOR OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
A.H Usman ◽  
B. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soap Production

Soap is a chemical compound formed by interaction of fatty acids and metal radicals. Different types of vegetable oils have been found to be good candidates for soap production due to their saponifiable nature. However, edible oils are often expensive to use for soap production due to competing demand between commercial and domestic buyers. So, in this work, blend of nonedible neem and castor oils were used at different proportions to produce various soap samples. The foregoing was achieved via the two well-known processes of soap production, that is; the hot and cold processes. The work investigated the parameters that influence the quality of soap and determined their optimum values using various blends of the oils. Six samples were produced, and their properties analyzed and compared with two commercial samples to determine a blend with the most desirable qualities. The yield, foamability, pH, hardness and cleansing power of the produced soap samples were determined. It was found that the blend of 60 ml neem oil and 40 ml castor oil was the best with a yield of 70.4%, foamability of 11.8 cm, pH of 10.42 and a high cleansing power. The results were found to be consistent with those of the two commercial samples used as controls. Keywords: Castor, cleansing power, foamability, hardness, neem, oil, soap samples

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