Solidification Simulation of Large Flat Ingot in Different Intensive Cooling Conditions

The production of huge rectangular ingots becomes crying needs in the condition of lots of heavy plate mills more than 5m have been in operation. In this paper, we simulate the solidification of 60t Q235 huge rectangular ingot with ProCAST in different cooling conditions such as air cooling, forced air cooling and water cooling. The results show that solidification time in forced air cooling and water cooling shortened than that in air cooling respectively by 0.9 hours and 2.2 hours; The primary fine-grain area is large in the forced air cooling and water cooling. In forced air cooling , we can obtain the largest equiaxial crystal ratio and the minimum columnar crystal ratio; The shrinkage cavity position of the ingot in forced air cooling and water cooling is closer to riser than it is in air cooling, but the volumes of shrinkage cavities respectively increased to a greater extent than in air cooling.

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Solidification Simulation of Huge Rectangular Ingot by Different Intensive Cooling

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.685 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 295-297 ◽

pp. 685-688

Author(s):

Xin Gang Ai ◽

Sheng Li Li ◽

Nan Lv ◽

Dong Wei Zhang ◽

Jun Tao

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Mathematical Simulation ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Solidification Rate ◽

Solidification Time ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Strong Wind ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Solidification Simulation ◽

Simulation Results

In this paper, the solidification and heat transfer of a 60t huge rectangular ingot has been simulated. The solidification rate at pouring finish and the solidification times were simulated for air cooling, soft wind cooling, strong wind cooling, fog cooling, weak water cooling and strong water cooling. Mathematical simulation results tell us that by intensive cooling, the solidification time of the can be obviously shortened, internal soundness can be ensured and the surface quality could be improved.

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Forced-air cooling of polylined horticultural produce: Optimal cooling conditions and package design

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.11.019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Justin L. O’Sullivan ◽

Maria J. Ferrua ◽

Richard Love ◽

Pieter Verboven ◽

Bart Nicolaï ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Cooling ◽

Package Design ◽

Cooling Conditions ◽

Forced Air

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Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Property in Mg-Gd-Y Alloy by Secondary Extrusion Process

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11080939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Jianhua Liu ◽

Jie Sun ◽

Qingqiang Chen ◽

Laixiao Lu ◽

Yanhua Zhao

Keyword(s):

Yield Strength ◽

Basal Slip ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

High Yield ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Cast Ingot ◽

Texture Intensity ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Cooling Method

Extruded Mg-Gd-Y alloy tubes were obtained by using cast ingot and extruded bar billets. Microstructure and mechanical properties were also studied with two different cooling methods: air cooling and water cooling. The result shows that by using an extruded bar as billet extruded tubes achieves higher elongation comparing to using cast ingots due to favored texture for the activation of basal slip. Using the water-cooling method, extruded tubes achieve a higher yield strength compared to the air cooling method due to their fine grain size. Using cast ingot billets and the water-cooling method, the elongation is only 6% due to large unrecrystallized grains caused by inhomogeneous deformation and unfavored texture for the activation of basal slip. Using the extruded bar billet and the water-cooling method, the tube has uniformed small grains and much more randomized texture caused by the inhibition of preferred grain growth process. The highest texture intensity is only 1.852 in this kind of tube. Both high yield strength (195.3 MPa) and high elongation (23.9%) are achieved in this tube.

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Design and Application of Forced Heat Dispersing Device of Superdeep Drilling Rig in High Temperature

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.561 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 339 ◽

pp. 561-565

Author(s):

Ze Fu Bao ◽

Hai Feng Dai ◽

Peng Zang ◽

Jiang Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Air Cooling ◽

Water Tank ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Drilling Rig ◽

Air Cooler ◽

Forced Air ◽

Drilling Rigs ◽

Design And Manufacture ◽

Conventional Drilling ◽

Tank Water

The system about the eddy current brake in drilling rig is very important and friable component. The temperature will arise with the winch lift the heave object and break, which will affect the winch. The conventional drilling rigs are cooled by air blast or water circulation, which always can’t content the request of drilling rig winch brake system. For this situation, I am to design and manufacture the forced heat-dispersing unit for ZJ70/4500DZ drilling rig winch. This device unified the formerly forced-air cooling and water cooling characteristic, and what’s more, it consists of air cooler, water tank, water pump valves, manifold and instruments. It has lots of advantages, for example: structure compact, easy installation and maintenance and so on. The article in the bases of analyses the ZJ70 drilling rig winch system characteristic and the theory of the formerly heat-dispersing, to introduced the approach of design and composition design…

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Effect of Secondary Cooling on Microstructure, Texture and Properties of 1.2wt% Si Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Processed by Twin-Roll Strip Casting

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.798 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 622-623 ◽

pp. 798-803

Author(s):

Yuan Xiang Zhang ◽

Li Guo Wu ◽

Yun Bo Xu ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Li Qing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Electrical Steel ◽

Core Loss ◽

Strip Casting ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Secondary Cooling ◽

Texture Characteristic ◽

Cooling Conditions ◽

Twin Roll

The influence of different secondary cooling conditions (air cooling and water cooling) on microstructure, texture and properties of Fe-1.2wt%Si non-oriented silicon strips prepared by twin-roll strip casting were studied. Specimens were examined by OIM, EBSD and X-RD. The microstructures obtained by water cooling are more homogeneous and coarse in grain size than that obtained by air cooling. The dominant {100} texture can be observed in the case of water cooled, while the air cooled strip show a diffuse texture characteristic. The annealed sheets subjected to water cooling than air cooling show higher permeability and lower core loss due to the presence of relatively larger grain size and more ideal fibre components such as Goss and Cube., It seems that rapid secondary cooling of as cast strips can furtherer optimize the microstructure and texture prior to cold rolling and then substantially the final magnetic properties of 1.2wt% Si non-oriented silicon steels.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed A356 Cast Al under Air Cooling and Water Cooling

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2017-0036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 693-699

Author(s):

Xinxin Ai ◽

Yumei Yue

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Base Material ◽

Cast Aluminum Alloy ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Water Cooling ◽

Cast Aluminum ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Cooling Conditions ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

AbstractIn this work, friction stir processing (FSP) was used to modify the microstructure of A356 cast aluminum alloy under air cooling and water cooling conditions. The microstructure and mechanical properties of air cooling and water cooling FSP specimens and their differences were mainly discussed. Results show that the grains can be significantly refined after FSP under both air cooling and water cooling conditions. The water cooling FSP specimen shows much smaller grains than the air cooling FSP specimen due to lower temperature. Similarly, the Si particles of water cooling FSP specimen show much smaller sizes and better distribution. Both the air cooling FSP specimen and water cooling FSP specimen own much higher tensile strength and elongation than A356 base material (BM). In particular, the tensile strength and elongation of water cooling specimen are respectively 231 Mpa and 14.15%, which are equal to 186.3% and 1088.5% of the BM. Furthermore, the microhardness of water cooling FSP specimen is lower than that of the air cooling FSP specimen.

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Air circulation in a gastrointestinal light source box and endoscope in the era of SARS-CoV-2 and airborne transmission of microorganisms

Endoscopy International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1336-3280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. E482-E486

Author(s):

Stanislas Chaussade ◽

Einas Abou Ali ◽

Rachel Hallit ◽

Arthur Belle ◽

Maximilien Barret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Cooling System ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Airborne Transmission ◽

Plastic Tube ◽

Care Workers ◽

Air Cooling System ◽

Forced Air ◽

Air Circulation ◽

Closed Environment

Abstract Background and study aims The role that air circulation through a gastrointestinal endoscopy system plays in airborne transmission of microorganisms has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk of transmission and potential improvements in the system. Methods We investigated and described air circulation into gastrointestinal endoscopes from Fujifilm, Olympus, and Pentax. Results The light source box contains a lamp, either Xenon or LED. The temperature of the light is high and is regulated by a forced-air cooling system to maintain a stable temperature in the middle of the box. The air used by the forced-air cooling system is sucked from the closed environment of the patient through an aeration port, located close to the light source and evacuated out of the box by one or two ventilators. No filter exists to avoid dispersion of particles outside the processor box. The light source box also contains an insufflation air pump. The air is sucked from the light source box through one or two holes in the air pump and pushed from the air pump into the air pipe of the endoscope through a plastic tube. Because the air pump does not have a dedicated HEPA filter, transmission of microorganisms cannot be excluded. Conclusions Changes are necessary to prevent airborne transmission. Exclusive use of an external CO2 pump and wrapping the endoscope platform with a plastic film will limit scatter of microorganisms. In the era of pandemic virus with airborne transmission, improvements in gastrointestinal ventilation systems are necessary to avoid contamination of patients and health care workers.

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