Conductivities of Titanium Dioxide Obtained via the Sol-Gel Method

Titanium dioxide powders were synthesized via a sol-gel method using titanium nitride as the precursor. The structure and morphology of the synthesized powders were investigated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicate that pure single phase titanium dioxide of rutile structure had been obtained. It was also revealed that annealing temperature plays an important role in the formation of single phase titanium dioxide powders. Increasing heat treatments also modified the shape and surface morphology from chunks and rock-like morphology to a mixture of flaky aggregates. Conductivity studies using a.c. impedance technique was used. The conductivity of the sample annealed at 400 °C is 89 % higher than that annealed at 800 °C and attributed to the phase and morphology of the samples.

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Impedance Spectroscopy Study of LiTaO3 Powder Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.545.275 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 545 ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lili Widarti Zainuddin ◽

Norlida Kamarulzaman

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Single Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Rhombohedral Structure ◽

Spectroscopy Study ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy Study

A ceramics sample of LiTaO3 was prepared using a sol-gel method. The sample is annealed at 750 °C for 48 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis indicate the formation of single phase, rhombohedral structure. An ac impedance study was used to analyse the conductivity of LiTaO3 at room temperature and at various temperatures.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol-Gel Method

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/848205 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Samira Bagheri ◽

Kamyar Shameli ◽

Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Egg White ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Egg White Proteins

Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are synthesized by a simple and cost-effective process with and without freshly water-soluble egg white proteins (albumin) via sol-gel method. The main advantage of using egg white proteins as a gelling agent is that it can provide long-term stability for nanoparticles by preventing particles agglomeration. The X-ray diffraction and FTIR results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles have only the anatase structure without the presence of any other phase impurities. Additionally, the TNPs are characterized by a number of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-vis). The sizes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with and without using egg white solution are12.55±3.42 nm and21.45±4.21 nm, respectively. The results indicate that egg white solution is a reliable and cheap green gelling agent that can be used as a matrix in the sol-gel method to synthesis tiny size TNPs.

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Nanosize Effects on Magnetic Properties and Peak Shifting of X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of BaFe12O19 Produced by Sol Gel Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.87 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 789 ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dwita Suastiyanti ◽

Bambang Soegijono ◽

M. Hikam

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Diffraction Pattern ◽

Single Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Peak Position ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method

The formation of barium hexaferrite, BaFe12O19 single phase with nanosize crystalline is very important to get the best performance especially magnetic properties. The samples were prepared by sol gel method in citric acid-metal nitrates system. Hence the mole ratios of Ba2+/Fe3+ were varied at 1:12 and 1:11.5 with pH of 7 in all cases using ammonia solution. The solution was then heated at 80-90°C for 3 to 4 hours. Then it was kept on a pre-heated oven at 150°C. The samples were then heat treated at 450°C for 24 hours. Sintering process was done at 850°C and 1000°C for 10 hours.Crystallite size was calculated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) peaks using scherrer formula. To confirm the formation of a single phase, XRD analyses were done by comparing the sample patterns with standard pattern. The peak shifting of pattern could be seen from XRD pattern using rocking curves at extreme certain 2θ. It was used MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L to know magnetic characteristics. This method can produce BaFe12O19 nanosize powder, 22-34 nm for crystallite size and 55.59-78.58 nm for particle size. A little diference in nanosize affects the peak shifting of XRD pattern significantly but shows a little difference in magnetic properties especially for samples at 850°C and 1000°C with mole ratio of 1:12 respectively. The well crystalline powder is formed at mole ratio of 1:11.5 at 850°C since it has the finest particle (55.59 nm) and crystalline (21 nm), the highest remanent magnetization (0.161 T) and the lowest intrinsic coersive (275.8 kA/m). It is also fitting exactly to the standard diffraction pattern with the highest value of best Figure of Merit (FoM), 90%. XRD peak position of this sample is almost same with XRD peak position of another sample with sinter temperature 1000°C at same mole ratio.

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Study of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film by Sol-Gel Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.278 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 925 ◽

pp. 278-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharipah Nadzirah ◽

Uda Hashim ◽

N. Malihah

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Spin Coating ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) have been synthesized using sol-gel method with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst. The prepared TiO2 solution has been deposited onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrates via spin-coating technique. Film was annealed at 500 °C and aluminium (Al) IDEs have been fabricated. Finally the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows high intensity of both anatase and rutile peaks exist on 10 nm TiO2 thin film. Average crystallite size of the nanoparticles is seen to be 25 nm. UvVisible spectroscopic (UvVis) technique was used for the transmittance spectra characterization of the sample.

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The effects of varying the Eu3+ concentration on the structural and optical properties of Mg1.5Al2O4.5:x% Eu3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanophosphors prepared by sol–gel method

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1177/1847980418800644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 184798041880064 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

VM Maphiri ◽

BF Dejene ◽

TE Motaung ◽

TT Hlatshwayo ◽

OM Ndwandwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Phase ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Crystallite Sizes ◽

The Eu

Mg1.5Al2O4.5: x% Eu3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanopowders were successfully synthesized via sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum revealed that the Mg1.5Al2O4.5: x% Eu3+ matches the single phase of face-centred cubic MgAl2O4. The estimated average crystallite sizes calculated using the XRD spectra were found to be in the order of 4 nm. The estimated crystal size was confirmed by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of all expected elementary composition (Mg, Al, O and Eu). The field emission gun scanning electron microscope showed that varying the Eu3+ concentration influence the morphology of the prepared nanophosphor. The photoluminescence results showed that the host emits the violet colour at around 382 nm, which was attributed to the defects within the band gap ( Eg) of host material. The Eu3+-doped samples showed the emission at around 560, 580, 593, 618, 655 and 704 nm which are, respectively, attributed to the 5D1 → 7F3, 5D0 → 7F0, 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2, 5D0 → 7F3 and 5D0 → 7F4 characteristic transitions in Eu3+. The International Commission on Illumination colour chromaticity showed that the Eu3+ doping influences the emission colour.

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Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/Zeolite Synthesized using Sol-Gel Method

ALCHEMY ◽

10.18860/al.v7i1.8168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Nur Aini ◽

Fahmi Eksa Sagita ◽

Khoridatud Diyanah ◽

Aminatus Arifah ◽

Siti Nur Chasanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Natural Zeolite ◽

Vibration Mode ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Methylene Blue Degradation ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is supported into natural zeolite to enhance its photocatalytic activity. TiO2/zeolite is synthesized using sol-gel method at composition ratio of 5:95; 10:90; 20:80 and 30:70%. Structural properties are measured by X-ray diffraction showed TiO2/zeolite in various composition has characteristic of anatase and modernite phase. The energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization shows TiO2/zeolite containing Ti element which indicates that TiO2is successfully supported into natural zeolite. Vibration mode of Infrared and Raman spectra tend shifted to higher wavenumber as increasing of TiO2 content indicating the higher energy vibration due to molecular interaction between TiO2 and zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test toward methylene blue degradation shows that TiO2/zeolite has higher activity than TiO2 and zeolite itself.Keywords: Photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, zeolite

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The Role Sol-gel Method and Doping Ba in the Drastic Reduction of the Annealing Time and the Improvement of the Coupling Between Grains of Bi1.6Pb0.4 Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy Superconductor

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74827/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

seyed ebrahim Mousavi Ghahfarokhi ◽

Saeedeh Zamani

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Ac Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Drastic Reduction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

The Stability

Abstract In this study, the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy superconductors with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 were synthesized at annealing times of 32, 48, 64 h using a sol-gel method. Then, the effect of Ba doped, the annealing times, ac magnetic fields and frequencies in the improvement of the coupling between grains of the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy (BPSBCC) superconductors were studied. In order to determine annealing temperature, TGA analysis of x = 0.0 was performed. The structural and ac magnetic susceptibility prepared samples were characterized using an X-ray diffraction, an ac susceptometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of ac magnetic susceptibility and structural of the samples indicated that the improvement of the coupling between grains and the stability of the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy superconductors with value of x = 0.2 at 845 °C for 48 h have been increased.

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Photoluminescence of Eu3+-Doped TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.707 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150-151 ◽

pp. 707-710

Author(s):

Dan Hong Wang ◽

Xiao Ru Zhao ◽

Hui Nan Sun ◽

Li Bing Duan ◽

Chang Le Chen

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Doping Concentration ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Tio2 Thin Films ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method

The sol-gel method was employed to prepare the Eu3+-doped TiO2 thin films. The influence of doping concentration and annealing temperature on the structures and photoluminescence (PL) properties was investigated. The result of X-ray diffraction revealed that all the films are of anatase phase. It is shown that the PL intensities of the films increased with Eu3+ concentration and reached the maximum at 1.4 mol%, then decreased with the concentration. Observed anatase phase appeared at temperature above 400 °C, and the luminescence intensity increased with the increase of annealing temperature.

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Annealing Effects on the Physical and Magnetic Properties of Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 Films Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.756.91 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 756 ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ftema W. Aldbea ◽

Noor Bahyah Ibrahim ◽

Mustafa Hj. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Magnetic Properties ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Quartz Substrate ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Iron Garnet

Terbium –substituted yttrium iron garnet (Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12) films nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited on the quartz substrate using spin coating technique. To study effect of annealing temperature, the annealing process was executed at 700, 800 and 900 °C in air for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the pure phase of garnet structure was detected for the film annealed at 900 °C. The lattice parameter increased with the increment of annealing temperature and the highest value of 12.35 Å was obtained at 900 °C. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) results showed that the particle size increased from 43nm to 56nm as annealing temperature increased from 700 to 900°C. The film’s thickness also affected by increasing of annealing temperature and become thin at 900 °C due to densification process occurred at high annealing temperature. The elemental compositions of the Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 film were detected using an Energy Dispersive X-raySpectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic properties at room temperature were measured using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).The saturation magnetization Ms increased with the annealingtemperature and showed a high value of 104emu/cm3, but the coercivity Hc of the film was decreased due to the increment of the particle size. Normal 0 21 false false false MS X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Terbium –substituted yttrium iron garnet (Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12) films nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited on the quartz substrate using spin coating technique. To study effect of annealing temperature, the annealing process was executed at 700, 800 and 900°C in air for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the pure phase of garnet structure was detected for the film annealed at 900 °C. The lattice parameter increased with the increment of annealing temperature and the highest value of 12.35 Å was obtained at 900 °C. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) results showed that the particle size increased from 43nm to 56nm as annealing temperature increased from 700 to 900 °C. The film’s thickness also affected by increasing of annealing temperature and become thin at 900 °C due to densification process occurred at high annealing temperature. The elemental compositions of the Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 film were detected using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic properties at room temperature were measured using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).The saturation magnetization Ms increased with the annealing temperature and showed a high value of 104emu/cm3, but the coercivity Hc of the film was decreased due to the increment of the particle size. st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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Magnetic Properties of Bulk Zn0.95-XMnXFe0.05O2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and Subsequent Hot Pressing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.356 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 268-270 ◽

pp. 356-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Song Lin ◽

C. H. Wen ◽

Liang He

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Doped Zno

Mn, Fe doped ZnO powders (Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2, x≤0.05) were synthesized by an ameliorated sol-gel method, using Zn(CH3COO)2, Mn(CH3COO)2and FeCl2as the raw materials, with the addition of vitamin C as a kind of chemical reducer. The resulting powder was subsequently compacted under pressure of 10 MPa at the temperature of 873K in vacuum. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2powder and bulk samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chemical valence of manganese, iron and zinc in the samples. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O (x≤0.05) samples were single phase with the ZnO-like wurtzite structure. No secondary phase was found in the XRD spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Fe and Mn existed in Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2samples in Fe2+and Mn2+states. The results of VSM experiment proved the room temperature ferromagnetic properties (RTFP) of Mn, Fe co-doped ZnO samples.

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