Effect of Disturbance on Carbon Cycling in Wetland Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3186-3191
Author(s):  
Ying Nan Liu ◽  
Hong Wei Ni ◽  
Zhao Wen Zeng ◽  
Chun Rong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Cycle Model ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Lasting Influence

Wetland is a special terraqueous ecosystem. Wetland ecosystem is an important carbon pool in the world and the carbon stored in which accounts for 15% of the total terrestrial carbon storage. Carbon cycling in wetlands largely affected global carbon cycling and also possibly global climatic change. Carbon cycle model of wetland has been changed by human disturbance is increased which exert a profound and lasting influence upon global change. Some researches show that wetland restoration and reconstruction are helpful to carbon accumulation and GHG reduction. So, through analyze the effect of human disturbance on carbon cycling in wetland, a necessary scientific basis is provided for the study of the effect of wetland on global change.

scholarly journals High and specific diversity of protists in the deep-sea basins dominated by diplonemids, kinetoplastids, ciliates and foraminiferans

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoenle ◽  
Manon Hohlfeld ◽  
Karoline Hermanns ◽  
Frédéric Mahé ◽  
Colomban de Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Unicellular Eukaryotes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Pelagic Communities

AbstractHeterotrophic protists (unicellular eukaryotes) form a major link from bacteria and algae to higher trophic levels in the sunlit ocean. Their role on the deep seafloor, however, is only fragmentarily understood, despite their potential key function for global carbon cycling. Using the approach of combined DNA metabarcoding and cultivation-based surveys of 11 deep-sea regions, we show that protist communities, mostly overlooked in current deep-sea foodweb models, are highly specific, locally diverse and have little overlap to pelagic communities. Besides traditionally considered foraminiferans, tiny protists including diplonemids, kinetoplastids and ciliates were genetically highly diverse considerably exceeding the diversity of metazoans. Deep-sea protists, including many parasitic species, represent thus one of the most diverse biodiversity compartments of the Earth system, forming an essential link to metazoans.

scholarly journals The Multiscale Monitoring of Peatland Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia: The Mukhrino Bog Case Study

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Egor Dyukarev ◽  
Evgeny Zarov ◽  
Pavel Alekseychik ◽  
Jelmer Nijp ◽  
Nina Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
The Impact

The peatlands of the West Siberian Lowlands, comprising the largest pristine peatland area of the world, have not previously been covered by continuous measurement and monitoring programs. The response of peatlands to climate change occurs over several decades. This paper summarizes the results of peatland carbon balance studies collected over ten years at the Mukhrino field station (Mukhrino FS, MFS) operating in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia. A multiscale approach was applied for the investigations of peatland carbon cycling. Carbon dioxide fluxes at the local scale studied using the chamber method showed net accumulation with rates from 110, to 57.8 gC m−2 at the Sphagnum hollow site. Net CO2 fluxes at the pine-dwarf shrubs-Sphagnum ridge varied from negative (−32.1 gC m−2 in 2019) to positive (13.4 gC m−2 in 2017). The cumulative May-August net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements at the ecosystem scale was −202 gC m−2 in 2015, due to the impact of photosynthesis of pine trees which was not registered by the chamber method. The net annual accumulation of carbon in the live part of mosses was estimated at 24–190 gC m−2 depending on the Sphagnum moss species. Long-term carbon accumulation rates obtained by radiocarbon analysis ranged from 28.5 to 57.2 gC m−2 yr−1, with local extremes of up to 176.2 gC m−2 yr−1. The obtained estimates of various carbon fluxes using EC and chamber methods, the accounting for Sphagnum growth and decomposition, and long-term peat accumulation provided information about the functioning of the peatland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Multiscale carbon flux monitoring reveals useful new information for forecasting the response of northern peatland carbon cycles to climatic changes.

scholarly journals Global Carbon Cycling on a Heterogeneous Seafloor

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V.R. Snelgrove ◽  
Karline Soetaert ◽  
Martin Solan ◽  
Simon Thrush ◽  
Chih-Lin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Systematic Earth observations for use in terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Scholze ◽  
Michael Buchwitz ◽  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
Luis Guanter ◽  
Shaun Quegan
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle Model ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. The global carbon cycle is an important component of the Earth system and it interacts with the hydrological, energy and nutrient cycles as well as ecosystem dynamics. A better understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for improved projections of climate change including corresponding changes in water and food resources and for the verification 5 of measures to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. An improved understanding of the carbon cycle can be achieved by model-data fusion or data assimilation systems, which integrate observations relevant to the carbon cycle into coupled carbon, water, energy and nutrient models. Hence, the ingredients for such systems are a carbon cycle model, an algorithm for the assimilation, and systematic and 10 well error-characterized observations relevant to the carbon cycle. Relevant observations for assimilation include various in-situ measurements in the atmosphere (e.g. concentrations of CO2 and other gases) and on land (e.g. fluxes of carbon water and energy, carbon stocks) as well as remote sensing observations (e.g. atmospheric composition, vegetation and surface properties).We briefly review the different existing data assimilation techniques and contrast them to model 15 benchmarking and evaluation efforts (which also rely on observations). A common requirement for all assimilation techniques is a full description of the observational data properties. Uncertainty estimates of the observations are as important as the observations themselves because they similarly determine the outcome of such assimilation systems. Hence, this article reviews the requirements of data assimilation systems on observations and provides a non-exhaustive overview of current 20 observations and their uncertainties for use in terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation. We report on progress since the review of model-data synthesis in terrestrial carbon observations by Raupach et al. (2005) emphasising the rapid advance in relevant space-based observations.

scholarly journals High Rates of Ecosytem Metabolism in Five Western Rivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Jennifer Tank ◽  
Michelle Baker ◽  
Emma Rosi-Marshall ◽  
Michael Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Global Carbon

Primary production and respiration are core functions of river ecosystems that in part determine the carbon balance. Gross primary production (GPP) is the total rate of carbon fixation by autotrophs such as algae and higher plants and is equivalent to photosynthesis. Ecosystem respiration (ER) measures rate at which organic carbon is mineralized to CO2 by all organisms in an ecosystem. Together these fluxes can indicate the base of the food web to support animal production (Marcarelli et al. 2011), can predict the cycling of other elements (Hall and Tank 2003), and can link ecosystems to global carbon cycling (Cole et al. 2007).

Modelling the effect of mechanical deformation on the peatland carbon stock resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilan Mahdiyasa ◽  
David Large ◽  
Bagus Muljadi ◽  
Matteo Icardi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Solid Deformation ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>Mathematical models of peatland growth have been developed for many purposes, including understanding the effect of past or future climate change on peatland carbon accumulation. This is important because peatland contains a vast amount of carbon and has a significant role in the global carbon cycle through carbon dioxide and methane exchange with the atmosphere. In general, the models produced so far suffer from the fact that the mechanical process has an essential role in the peatland carbon stock resilience because they only focus on ecohydrological feedback. We propose a one-dimensional mathematical model that includes ecological, hydrological, and mechanical feedback on the peatland through the poroelasticity concept, which coupling between fluid flow and solid deformation. The formulation is divided into two categories, fully saturated and unsaturated, to accommodate peatland characteristics. We compare the numerical solution of the fully saturated case with analytical solutions of Terzaghi’s problem for validation. We assume that peat is an elastic material with flat, impermeable, and stiff substrate properties.  Based on the initial simulation results,  we find that compression reduces the thickness of acrotelm, leading to the shorter residence time of plant litter, and consequently, higher cumulative carbon is obtained. Furthermore, mechanical deformation of the pore structure effectively maintains carbon stock in the peatland against climate change because it reduces water table depth fluctuations.</p>

Global change alters peatland carbon cycling through plant biomass allocation

2020 ◽  
Vol 455 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Jing Tian ◽  
Brian A. Branfireun ◽  
Zoë Lindo
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass

scholarly journals Phytoplankton calcifiers control nitrate cycling and the pace of transition in warming icehouse and cooling greenhouse climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin F. Kvale ◽  
Katherine E. Turner ◽  
Angela Landolfi ◽  
Katrin J. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Greenhouse Climate ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Phytoplankton calcifiers contribute to global carbon cycling through their dual formation of calcium carbonate and particulate organic carbon (POC). The carbonate might provide an efficient export pathway for the associated POC to the deep ocean, reducing the particles' exposure to biological degradation in the upper ocean and increasing the particle settling rate. Previous work has suggested ballasting of POC by carbonate might increase in a warming climate, in spite of increasing carbonate dissolution rates, because calcifiers benefit from the widespread nutrient limitation arising from stratification. We compare the biogeochemical responses of three models containing (1) a single mixed phytoplankton class, (2) additional explicit small phytoplankton and calcifiers, and (3) additional explicit small phytoplankton and calcifiers with a prognostic carbonate ballast model, to two rapid changes in atmospheric CO2. The first CO2 scenario represents a rapid (151-year) transition from a stable icehouse climate (283.9 ppm) into a greenhouse climate (1263 ppm); the second represents a symmetric rapid transition from a stable greenhouse climate into an icehouse climate. We identify a slope change in the global net primary production response with a transition point at about 3.5 ∘C global mean sea surface temperature change in all models, driven by a combination of physical and biological changes. We also find that in both warming and cooling scenarios, the application of a prognostic carbonate ballast model moderates changes in carbon export production, suboxic volume, and nitrate sources and sinks, reducing the long-term model response to about one-third that of the calcifier model without ballast. Explicit small phytoplankton and calcifiers, and carbonate ballasting, increase the physical separation of nitrate sources and sinks through a combination of phytoplankton competition and lengthened remineralization profile, resulting in a significantly higher global nitrate inventory in this model compared to the single phytoplankton type model (15 % and 32 % higher for icehouse and greenhouse climates). Higher nitrate inventory alleviates nitrate limitation, increasing phytoplankton sensitivity to changes in physical limitation factors (light and temperature). This larger sensitivity to physical forcing produces stronger shifts in ocean phosphate storage between icehouse and greenhouse climates. The greenhouse climate is found to hold phosphate and nitrate deeper in the ocean, despite a shorter remineralization length scale than the icehouse climate, because of the longer residence times of the deep water masses. We conclude the global biogeochemical impact of calcifiers extends beyond their role in global carbon cycling, and that the ecological composition of the global ocean can affect how ocean biogeochemistry responds to climate forcing.

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