scholarly journals The Multiscale Monitoring of Peatland Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia: The Mukhrino Bog Case Study

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Egor Dyukarev ◽  
Evgeny Zarov ◽  
Pavel Alekseychik ◽  
Jelmer Nijp ◽  
Nina Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
The Impact

The peatlands of the West Siberian Lowlands, comprising the largest pristine peatland area of the world, have not previously been covered by continuous measurement and monitoring programs. The response of peatlands to climate change occurs over several decades. This paper summarizes the results of peatland carbon balance studies collected over ten years at the Mukhrino field station (Mukhrino FS, MFS) operating in the Middle Taiga Zone of Western Siberia. A multiscale approach was applied for the investigations of peatland carbon cycling. Carbon dioxide fluxes at the local scale studied using the chamber method showed net accumulation with rates from 110, to 57.8 gC m−2 at the Sphagnum hollow site. Net CO2 fluxes at the pine-dwarf shrubs-Sphagnum ridge varied from negative (−32.1 gC m−2 in 2019) to positive (13.4 gC m−2 in 2017). The cumulative May-August net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements at the ecosystem scale was −202 gC m−2 in 2015, due to the impact of photosynthesis of pine trees which was not registered by the chamber method. The net annual accumulation of carbon in the live part of mosses was estimated at 24–190 gC m−2 depending on the Sphagnum moss species. Long-term carbon accumulation rates obtained by radiocarbon analysis ranged from 28.5 to 57.2 gC m−2 yr−1, with local extremes of up to 176.2 gC m−2 yr−1. The obtained estimates of various carbon fluxes using EC and chamber methods, the accounting for Sphagnum growth and decomposition, and long-term peat accumulation provided information about the functioning of the peatland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Multiscale carbon flux monitoring reveals useful new information for forecasting the response of northern peatland carbon cycles to climatic changes.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО ЛЕСОВОЗОБНОВЛЕНИЯ ГАРИ УРАЙСКОГО ЛЕСНИЧЕСТВА ХМАО

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
А.В. Данчева
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Приведены данные исследований естественного лесовозобновления гари в условиях Западно-Сибирского среднетаежного равнинного лесного района таежной лесорастительной зоны (на примере Урайского лесничества, расположенного в юго-западной части Ханты-Мансийского автоном- ного округа – Югры на территории кондинского административного района). Оценка лесовозобновле- ния проведена по методу учетных лент, заложенных на расстоянии 50 и 100 м от стены леса. Данные исследований показали непрерывность лесовосстановительного процесса на гари. Отмечается наличие всходов, самосева и подроста высотных категорий «мелкий», «средний» и «крупный». лесовозобновле- ние гари происходит двумя древесными породами – сосной и березой. По существующим нормативам возобновление сосны оценивается как хорошее. По количеству всходов и подроста преобладает сосна. При удалении от стены леса на 100 м происходит уменьшение количества всходов и подроста всех кате- горий крупности в 2–3 раза в сравнении с аналогичными показателями на расстоянии 50 м от стены леса независимо от вида древесной породы. Во всех высотных категориях отмечается преобладание жизне- способного подроста сосны – до 90–100 %, что является основным показателем успешности лесовос- становления исследуемой гари на данном этапе развития. береза в большинстве случаев представлена сомнительными по жизнеспособности экземплярами. В качестве лесохозяйственных мероприятий мож- но предложить проведение мониторинга за состоянием подроста и уходные мероприятия за подростом. The results of features formations of post-fire pine undergrowth on burnt area of the middle taiga zone of Western Siberia (for example, Uraisk forestry department) in location of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. Undergrowth was studied on tapes laid out parallel to the forest edges at a distance of 50 and 100. According to studies it is observed of reafforestation continuity of burned areas. The presence of sprouting and undergrowth of the high- elevation categories «small», «medium» and «large» is noted. The burned areas reforestation with two tree species – pine and birch proceed. According to current specification, the pine natural regeneration is assessed as «normal». The amount of pine undergrowth is greater than the amount of birch undergrowth. To be at 100 m from forest edges the number of seedlings and undergrowth decreases by 2–3 times in comparison with the same indicators at 50 m from the forest edges. There is a predominance of vital pine undergrowth – up to 90–100 %. This is evidence of the successful reforestation of burned areas at this stage of development.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton of some rivers in the south of broadleaved forests subzone of the Middle Volga basin in a long-term perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Pavel Vladimirovich Kulizin ◽  
Ekaterina Leonidovna Vodeneeva ◽  
Alexander Gennadievich Okhapkin
Keyword(s):  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Middle Volga Basin ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides information on the composition, structure and dynamics of phytoplankton of three morphologically different tributaries of the Cheboksary reservoir (the Vetluga, the Kerzhenets and the Vishnya rivers). The species composition of algae includes 826 species and intraspecific taxa, the flora was formed by diatom, green and euglena algae. It reflects the watercourses particularities of the southern taiga zone. Based on long-term studies of phytoplankton a change in the composition of algoflora by more than half was noticed, especially in the groups of Charophyta, Cryptophyta, Miozoa, Ochrophyta and Euglenophyta. An increase in quantitative indicators of algocoenoses from oligotrophic to oligotrophic-mesotrophic level in the middle reaches of rivers by mesotrophic-eutrophic level in estuarine areas is shown. In a fifty-year research series a tendency of phytoplankton reduction in size by more than 3,5 times has been established. It reflects the impact of eutrophication and gradual warming of the climate. The period of abnormally hot summer of 2010 led to increased vegetation in the middle reaches of rivers of diazotrophic blue-green algae and dinophytes. Since the early 2000s, gradual penetration and naturalization of both planktonic invasive algae species and representatives of benthic algocoenoses have been noticed. The mentioned changes reflect the nature of phytoplankton rearrangements as the essential component of the biota and emphasize the importance of long-term research with a possibility to predict negative consequences.

Impact of long-term experimental water level drawdown on vegetation and carbon gas dynamics of boreal mire ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva-Stiina Tuittila ◽  
Aino Korrensalo ◽  
Anna Laine ◽  
Nicola Kokkonen ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Impact

<p>Recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated an ongoing drying trend in temperate and boreal peatlands in Europe and in Canada. This drying is likely to alter vegetation and carbon gas exchange with atmosphere. However, to revel the expected change in carbon gas dynamics associated with decrease in water level experimental studies and long-term monitoring are needed. In here we present results from long term experiment in Finland where the impact of water level drawdown (WLD) of ~10 cm on three different peatland sites, two fens and a bog, has been studied since year 2000.</p><p> </p><p>Response to WLD differed between the three ecosystem types. In the nutrient rich fen WLD initiated rapid directional succession from sedge dominated system to the dominance of woody species. In the poor fen changes were less drastic: Initially WLD benefitted dwarf scrubs already present at the site, later they were overtaken by pines.  Sedges as a group hold their position but Carex species were replaced by Eriophorum. Similarly to sedges, in the moss layer proportions of different Sphagnum moss species changed. Bog vegetation was more stable than fen vegetation.</p><p> </p><p>In all the ecosystems methane emissions decreased directly after WLD. In contrast, the response of CO2 dynamics was more complex. While long term net ecosystem exchange decreased to lower level than in controls in all studied ecosystems, the response of photosynthesis and respiration differed between the three ecosystems and between short term and long term. Results show how the response of peatlands to climate change is diverse and emphasize the need to understand what factors regulate the stability and resilience of peatland functioning.</p>

scholarly journals The reaction of the environment to climate change in the Northern latitudes (on the example of the taiga zone of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Petrovna Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The article presents results of investigation the impact of modern climate change on the environment in the taiga zone of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra. Long-term indicators of average annual air temperature and the duration of the occurrence of stable snow cover are given according to some meteorological stations in the region. The response of the natural environment is determined based on the analysis of phenological processes under the conditions of climate change in the studied territory. Hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena observed on the territory in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Ugra are presented.

New data on distribution and ecology of rare in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (Western Siberia) moss species (Bryophyta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Lapshina ◽  
E. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
I. V. Filippov ◽  
G. M. Kukurichkin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Autonomous District ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

New locations of 25 rare species of mosses, known earlier in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District from one or a few locations, are provided. Their ecology, phytocenotic affinity and peculiarities of the distribution on the territory of the autonomous district and taiga zone of the Western Siberia as a whole are discussed. A high proportion of rare species in the moss flora of the central part of the taiga zone of Western Siberia resulted from limited distribution or absence of suitable habitats associated with stony substrates and outcrops of groundwater rich in mineral nutrition elements, as well as from intermediate (ecotone) position of the flora on the latitudinal bioclimatic gradient from south to north.

Quantifying forest growth and uncertainty across Brazil under potential future climates: combing models and Earth Observation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Smallman ◽  
David Milodowski ◽  
Mathew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model ◽  
New Forest ◽  
The Impact

<p>Forest play a major role in the global carbon cycle storing large amounts of carbon in both living and dead organic matter. Forests can be either a sink or source of carbon depending on the net of far larger fluxes of carbon into (photosynthesis) and out of (mortality, decomposition and disturbance) forest ecosystems. Due to the potential for substantial accumulation of carbon in forests, has led to nationally determined commitments (NDCs) by Governments across the world to protect existing and plant large areas of new forest. However, significant uncertainty remains in our understanding of current forest carbon cycling, especially mortality and decomposition processes, and how carbon cycling will change under climate change. These uncertainties present two connected challenges to effective forest protection and new planting; (i) which existing forests are under the greatest risk to climate change and (ii) where are the most climate safe locations for new forest planting to maximise carbon accumulation.</p><p>Here we combine a terrestrial ecosystem model of intermediate complexity (DALEC) with Earth observation (e.g. leaf area, biomass, disturbance) and databased information (soil texture and carbon stocks) within a Bayesian model-data fusion framework (CARDAMOM) to retrieve location specific carbon cycle analyse (i.e. parameter retrievals) across Brazil at 0.5 x 0.5 degree spatial resolution between 2001 and 2015. CARDAMOM allows us to retrieve, independently for each location analysed, an ensemble of parameters for DALEC which are consistent with the location specific observational constraints and their uncertainties. These ensembles give us multiple potential, but observation consistent, realisations of forest carbon cycling and ecosystem traits. We directly quantify our uncertainty in forest carbon cycling and ecosystem traits from these ensembles. The DALEC parameterisations are then simulated into the future under a range of climate scenarios from the CMIP6 model dataset. From these simulations we will, with defined uncertainty, quantify the impact on forest carbon accumulation of existing forest and the potential accumulation of new planting. This information can feed into national planning identifying locations which have the greatest confidence of being a net sink of carbon under climate change highlighting forest areas which are most important to protect and suitable for new planting.</p>

scholarly journals Association Carici juncellae-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae (Alnetea glutinosae) on the south taiga section of the Ob River floodplain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Georgy Semenovich Taran ◽  
Alexander Petrovich Dyachenko
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Species Saturation ◽  
Ob River ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geographical Space

The Carici juncellae–Salicetum rosmarinifoliae Korolyuk et Taran in Taran 1993 association (Salicion cinereae, Salicetalia auritae, Alnetea glutinosae) includes the communities of the shrub (Salix rosmarinifolia, S. cinerea)-birch (Betula pubescens) tussock (Carex juncella, C. cespitosa) mires spread on the big West Siberian river floodplains within the taiga zone. On the Ob River, the association is represented by the C.j.–S.r. spiraeetosum salicifoliae Taran 1993 subassociation. Its range covers the Ob floodplain 830-kilometer distance crossing the subtaiga, south taiga and middle taiga subzones of Western Siberia. In the south taiga subzone (surroundings of the former village Kaibasovo, Krivosheinskiy district of Tomsk Region, 57º14'44"N, 84º11'05"E), the C.j.–S.r. spiraeetosum salicifoliae subassociation is studied for the first time. Near the Kaibasovo, the subassociation is represented by two facies: shrubby (Spiraea salicifolia, Salix rosmarinifolia, Salix cinerea) and birch (betulosum pubescentis). The communities of these facies found some floristic differences, which made it possible to attribute them to different variants: var. Cicuta virosa and var. Kadenia dubia. Carex juncella, C. cespitosa and Comarum palustre dominate in the field layer of the tussock mires. In the C.j.–S.r. spiraeetosum salicifoliae subassociation communities near the Kaibasovo, the average total projective cover (TPC) of the tree layer is 7%, shrubs – 34%, grasses – 48%, tussocks – 20%, ground mosses – 14%. Average tussock height is 59 cm. Average species saturation of the communities is 27 species of vascular plants and 18 species of mosses per 100 m2, the volume of the local coenoflora is 39 species of vascular plants and 28 species of mosses. Six moss species (Brachytheciastrum velutinum, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Bryum moravicum, Fissidens bryoides, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Pylaisia selwynii) were found in the Ob communities of the C.j.–S.r. spiraeetosum salicifoliae for the first time. Due to this, the total volume of the moss flora of the subassociation Ob stands increased to 74 species. The analysis of the variability of the main coenotic and floristic parameters of the C.j.–S.r. spiraeetosum salicifoliae subassociation in the geographical space of the Ob floodplain (from the subtaiga subzone to the middle taiga one) is carried out. The main regularities of these shifts are revealed. The volume of the subassociation local vascular coenoflora (52-53 species) and average species saturation of the communities by vascular plants (20-21 species per 100 m2) are stable on the most of the Ob floodplain sections. At the same time, changes are observed downstream of the Ob River, which can be interpreted as an intracoenotic response of the subassociation communities to smooth changes in the ecological regime of the floodplain when moving in geographical space from south to north. Thus, from the south to the north, many average parameters increase in the subassociation communities, namely: the height of trees, TPCs of tree layer, tussocks and ground mosses, the species saturation with mosses (from 4 to 18 species per 100 m2). The species richness of local moss floras also increases from 11 to 54 species. On the contrary, the average TPCs of shrub and field layers from south to north decrease. A number of deviations from general trends were found in the Kaibasovo birch-shrub tussock mires, namely: high species saturation with vascular plants (27 species per 100 m2), low reach of vascular coenoflora (39 species). The first can be explained by the proximity of the studied mires to the Ob riverbed, the second – by the crowding of the relevés in a relatively small area of the floodplain.

Key periods of peatland development and environmental changes in the middle taiga zone of Western Siberia during the Holocene

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Tsyganov ◽  
Evgeny A. Zarov ◽  
Yuri A. Mazei ◽  
Mikhail G. Kulkov ◽  
Kirill V. Babeshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Peatland Development

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE AUTOMATED CHAMBER METHOD FOR LONG-TERM GAS FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN SWAMP ECOSYSTEMS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Konstantinovich Davydov ◽  
Alena Vladimirovna Dyachkova ◽  
Denis Valentinovich Simonenkov ◽  
Aleksandr Vladislavovich Fofonov ◽  
Shamil Shavratovich Maksutov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Chamber Method

Будет после перевода

Evaluating the potential of buried soils and colluvial layers for tracking natural and human-induced transformation of landscapes in the middle taiga of Western Siberia 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kurasova ◽  
Alexandr Konstantinov ◽  
Sergey Loiko ◽  
Sergey Kulizhskiy
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Archives

<p>The activities of ancient population strongly affected the development of landscapes and soils in Western Siberia during the late Holocene. It should be noted that studies devoted to the processes of natural and anthropogenic evolution within this vast territory are extremely irregular. Thus, the significant proportion of the materials on the dynamic of Siberian landscapes in the Holocene, related to the studies of various natural archives and archeological monuments, falls on the southern part of region. On the one hand, this situation is due to the relatively recent development of Western Siberia in relation to the development of hydrocarbon deposits, on the other hand, on the peculiarities of the relief and landscapes prevailing in the central and northern parts of the West Siberian Plain. A significant part of the territory under consideration is characterized by low, poorly dissected relief, which largely contributes to its bogging and widespread distribution of organogenic peat soils. It is not surprising that the deposits of lakes and peat bogs are the main natural archives that provide information on the dynamics of the natural environment within the central parts of Western Siberia and, first of all, the taiga zone, while the potential of mineral soils and sediments from this point of view is insignificant, compared to other regions. At the same time the boreal zone of Western Siberia is very large and includes regions with more complex geomorphological conditions.</p><p>To assess the possibility of using buried soils and colluvial layers in the middle taiga of Western Siberia for reconstruction of the Holocene landscape’s dynamics, we carried out research on two key sites with rather contrast relief and high frequency of archeological sites: in the middle Yugan River Basin and in the North of the Kondinskaya Lowland. Buried soils and colluvial sediments in a number of sections characterizing foots of the steep slopes on the border with peat bogs were selected as objects for our study. Based on the obtained radiocarbon dates it is possible to preliminarily identify several stages of the activation of erosional processes. For the north of the Kondinskaya lowland three remarkable phases of erosional activity were identified, while for the Yugan River Basin the number of phases was larger - 6. It is interesting to note that the obtained results make it possible to correlate these two regions. The presence of a larger number of recorded erosion-pyrogenic events for the Yugan River basin reflects a longer permanent human presence in the area under consideration, which is also consistent with archaeological data.</p><p>The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and was performed as a part of project FEWZ-2020-0007 “Fundamentals of the natural environment history of the south of Western Siberia and Turgay in the Cenozoic: sequence sedimentology, abiotic geological events and the evolution of the Paleobiosphere“. The studies were carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use "Bioinert Systems of the Cryosphere", Tyumen Scientific Center, SB RAS and RFBR, project number 20-04-00836.</p>

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