The Influence of Temperature on the Oxide Layer Formation of Aluminized Carbon Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Hishamuddin H.J. Husain ◽  
Abdul Razak Daud ◽  
Muhamad Daud ◽  
Abu Seman Anasyida ◽  
Hafizal Yazid
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Phase Surface ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer

The growth of thin oxide layer due to the variation in temperature on the surface of aluminized carbon steel was investigated. Hot dip aluminizing of low carbon steel was carried out at 750 °C in a molten pure aluminum for 5 minutes. Aluminized samples were heat treated at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C for 1 hour. The formation of aluminum oxide layer was investigated in this study. Optical microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), SEM and EDAX were used in investigation. From the observation, the appearance of aluminum oxide layer increased with the increase in temperature. The result of EDAX analysis revealed the existence alumina phase. Surface roughness measurement showed increment with the increase in oxidation heat treatment temperature.

Experimental study of the mechanical and corrosion properties of ethyl silicate resin applied on low carbon steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (108) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
M. Ali ◽  
J.H. Mohmmed ◽  
A.A. Zainulabdeen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Mixture Ratio

Purpose: This work aimed at evaluating the properties of the ethyl silicate-based coating that can be applied on low carbon steel. Design/methodology/approach: Two mixture ratio types (2:1, and 3:2) of resin and hardener respectively were used to prepared two specimen models (A and B). Findings: It found that some mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, and impact strength) of ethyl silicate resin were evaluated according to standard criteria. Research limitations/implications: The effect of heat treatments at various temperatures (100, 150, and 200°C) and holding at different times (10, 20 & 30) min on hardness was investigated. Practical implications: Moreover, an open circuit potential corrosion test with a solution of 3.5% Sodium Chloride at room temperature and 60°C was used to determine the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel specimens coated with the two mixture types. Originality/value: The effects of mixture ratios (for resin and hardener) and heat treatment conditions on properties of ethyl silicate-based coating were studied. From obtained results, acceptable values of tensile, hardness, and toughness were recorded. Increasing heat treatment temperature and holding time leads to enhance hardness for both model types. An open circuit potential (OCP) tests show that there is an enhancement of protective properties of ethyl silicate coatings with mixture type B in comparison with type A was achieved. Generally, the results indicate that specimen model B has higher properties as compared with specimen model A.

scholarly journals Investigation of Microstructure, Nanohardness and Corrosion Resistance for Oxi-Nitrocarburized Low Carbon Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Wook Cho ◽  
Young-Joon Kang ◽  
Ju-Hwan Baek ◽  
Jeong-Ho Woo ◽  
Young-Rae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Process Gas

A role of oxi-nitrocarburizing technique for low-carbon steel was intensively evaluated as a means of reducing the problem of corrosion in gas nitrocarburizing, which is a vital disadvantage of gas nitrocarburizing. Oxi-nitrocarburizing was carried out by a two-step process: Gas nitrocarburizing at 560 °C and oxidation. In order to characterize two different methods of oxi-nitrocarburizing, oxidation was performed under two different conditions: Air and steam as oxygen sources. To analyze the microstructural, physical, and chemical properties of the thin oxide layer and nitride layer, which are the surface hardened layers formed on low-carbon steel by oxi-nitrocarburizing, several methods, such as electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation tests, and potentiodynamic polarization tests were applied. The results indicated that the EPMA and EBSD methods are powerful techniques for the analysis of microstructure, such as phase analysis and metallic element distribution in the oxide layer of magnetite and compound layer of ε-phase and γ'-phase, for oxi-nitrocarburized low-carbon steel. Additionally, the nanohardness using the nanoindentation test and corrosion resistance using the potentiodynamic polarization test for the oxi-nitrocarburized specimens are useful methods to understand the mechanical and corrosion properties of the surface hardened layer.

Effect of Crack Initiation Size on Fatigue Strength in 0.85% Carbon Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chobin Makabe ◽  
Tatsujiro Miyazaki ◽  
Naoki Nakane ◽  
Shinya Yamazaki ◽  
Takashi Makishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Lamellar Microstructure ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Initial Crack Length

The fatigue limit of a plain specimen of a tool steel JIS SK85 was investigated. The initial crack length in the fatigue process is related to the size of a single crystal in the case of low carbon steel. However, that is independent of the crystal size in the case of pure aluminum, a lamellar pearlitic steel, etc. In this study, the relationship between the initial crack length and the fatigue limit was investigated. The original microstructure of this material includes a spherical microstructure. However, after heat treatment under some conditions, that microstructure changed to a lamellar microstructure. The fatigue limit of heat-treated SK85 could be evaluated by an equation in which the parameters are the hardness and initial crack length. Finally, this result was discussed based on the observations of crack growth behavior and fracture surface.

Electrolytic Coloring of Anodized Aluminum by Copper

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masume Nozari Nezhad ◽  
Alireza Kolahi ◽  
Mahmood Kazemzad ◽  
Maryam Saiedifar
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anodized Aluminum ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
Galvanostatic Condition

It is important to generate aluminum oxide layer on the surface of aluminum in order to enhance the adhesion of the dye molecules in coloring aluminum industry. One of the major advantages of aluminum is the formation of a resistant oxide layer naturally, but the thickness of this layer is not high enough and it should be damaged due to lack of mechanical strength. However, the thickness of oxide layer can be increased through anodizing; this process improves its abrasion and corrosion resistance as well as its mechanical properties. In the present study, specimens of pure aluminum were anodized under galvanostatic condition in sulfuric acid electrolyte and porous nanostructured aluminum oxide layer was formed. Porosity of the anodized layer was controlled by optimizing the working conditions such as electrolyte concentration, anodizing time and current density. Finally, the specimens were electrolytically colored by applying alternating current to copper (Cu) solutions. Colored coatings were created at constant voltage and different coloring duration. The results indicated that the shade of different metal ions can be optimized by controlling the coloring parameters, the longer time of coloring results in the darker colors. The samples were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical test.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Pure Aluminum to Low Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Abd Elnabi ◽  
Tarek Abd Elsadek Osman ◽  
Alaa Eldeen El Mokadem ◽  
Abou Bakr Elshalakany 
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Cooling

The purpose of this research is to use friction stir welding (FSW) to join dissimilar  metals, annealed low carbon steel and A1050 pure aluminum. A butt joint with a similar sheet thickness of 1.9 mm was applied. The novelties of the research are relatively using high generated heat produced by a combination of low traverse speed and high rotational speed to perform the dissimilar joints and using a tool material (K107cold work tool steel) which has not been used in FSW with tool cooling. The present work studied the effect of FSW variables such as tilt angle, tool cooling, base metal location on mechanical properties. Tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints. The microstructure specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sound dissimilar joints were successfully produced. The maximum joint efficiency obtained in this study is 51.7% of the aluminum tensile strength. The microstructure images showed that many steel fragments were sheared off from the steel surface by the tool action and scattered in the weld nugget, a continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the interface, the thickness of the IMC layer at the interface decreased in the thickness direction of the weld. FeAl3 IMC phase was only observed at the interface.

scholarly journals Crucial Mechanism to the Eutectoid Transformation of Wüstite Scale on Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Ning Lin ◽  
Chao-Chi Huang ◽  
Min-Tao Wu ◽  
Wei-Lin Wang ◽  
Ker-Chang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Hot Strip Mill ◽  
Eutectoid Transformation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Finish Mill

It is important to realize the transformation behavior of wüstite because it greatly affects the final structure of the oxide layer and the surface quality of the steel products. In the present study, the transformation behaviors of the wüstite layer are examined under nearly-oxygen-free conditions, to simulate the cooling processes after the hot rolled strip is coiled. As the single phase wüstite was prepared at 950˚C, the 460˚C transformed oxide layer was composed of a mixture of iron and magnetite formed through eutectoid reactions. For the 750˚C-fabricated wüstite, only magnetite was observed after transformation, without iron precipitates and residual wüstite. It is speculated that the unusual transformation behavior of the low-temperature-made wüstite results from the pseudo-structural intermediate phase transformation between wüstite and magnetite. This pseudo-structure is a pre-transformed wüstite and of various concentration of ferrous ion, which is determined by the fabrication conditions. During the hot strip mill process, the so-called wet scale, wüstite, is produced continuously from finish mill to laminar flow sections and ended at 570˚C. Consequently, the final eutectoid transformation below 570˚C is dominantly controlled by the surface temperature ranged from 750˚C to 950˚C for low carbon steel.

Low-cost photoelectrocatalyst based on a nanoporous oxide layer of low-carbon steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (44) ◽  
pp. 445301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu R Rangaraju ◽  
K S Raja ◽  
A Panday ◽  
M Misra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon

Preparation of a Low Carbon Steel with Ultrafine Grained Microstructure through Rare Earth Micro-Alloying

2011 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Liu ◽  
Hong Liang Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Hot Rolled

The effects of the rare earth (RE) element on the microstructure of a hot-rolled low carbon steel (B450NbRE) were investigated under different heat treatment conditions. It was found that the B450NbRE steel with ultrafine grained structure could be successfully prepared with a certain content of RE additive under an appropriate heat treatment temperature between A1 (717°C) and A3 (880°C). The corresponding critical temperature increases with decreasing the RE content. For instance, the critical temperature is 800°C for the RE content of 0.0140 wt.%, but it increases to 850°C as the RE content decreases to 0.0075 wt.%

scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Oxide Growth at High Temperature in Low Carbon Steel

Metals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Sixtos Antonio Arreola-Villa ◽  
Héctor Javier Vergara-Hernández ◽  
Gildardo Solorio-Diáz ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Alvarado ◽  
Octavio Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Oxidation Kinetic ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Parabolic Type ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Low Carbon

High-temperature surface oxidation kinetics were determined for low-carbon steel using a Joule heating device on hollow cylindrical specimens. The growth of the oxide layer was measured in situ between 800 and 1050 ∘C under isothermal oxidation conditions and in an air laboratory atmosphere (O2 = 20.3% and humidity = 42%). Through a laser and infrared measuring system, the expansion and temperature were measured continuously. From the data acquired, the oxidation kinetic parameters were obtained at different temperatures with a parabolic-type growth model to estimate the rate of oxide layer generation. The convergence degree of the data fitted with the oxidation model was acceptable and appropriately correlated with the experimental data. Finally, comparisons were made between the estimated kinetic parameters and those reported in the literature, observing that the activation energy values obtained are in the range of the reported values.

scholarly journals Micro Observation of Dissimilar Joint Interface between Low Carbon Steel and Pure Aluminum Produced by Laser Pressure Welding

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji NISHIMOTO ◽  
Yoshihiro OKUMOTO ◽  
Tomoki HARANO ◽  
Ken ATAGI ◽  
Hiroo FUJII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dissimilar Joint ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pressure Welding
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