Effect of Raw Rubber on CH4 Formation from NBR Applied in Transformer Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Hu ◽  
Li Wen Tang ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
Dong Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The formation of CH4 from two kinds of NBR with different raw rubber applied in transformer oil were investigated. In this study, work environment of transformer was simulated，thermal aging tests were conducted for different times in 70°C transformer oil. Surface morphology, the release of CH4, and molecular structure were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), respectively. In addition, the swelling property was also discussed in this work. The results illustrated that raw rubber with more content of acrylonitrile had excellent advantages in heat oil aging resistance and the formation of CH4.

The Formation Mechanism of CH4 on Nitrile Butadience Rubber in Transformer Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2252-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Li Wen Tang ◽  
Mo Ran Sun ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Methyl Radicals ◽  
Hydrogen Radicals

Abstract. The thermal aging experiments on nitrile rubber and rubber additives were carried out for different time in 25# transformer oil at 70°C. The amount of CH4 released from non-rubber group, nitrile rubber group and rubber additives group were measured by Gas Chromatography (GC). The molecular structure of NBR matrix and liquid extracted from NBR were analyzed with fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), respectively. At last, the formation mechanism of CH4 in nitrile rubber were investigated. The results illustrated that the rubber additive RD released methyl radicals and hydrogen radicals, and generated CH4 by reacted with each other.

PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Komalasari ◽  
Bambang Sunendar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

Fabrication and Properties of Lignin/Castor Oil-Based Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1535-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Wang ◽  
Hai Yan Xiao ◽  
Feng Qiang Sun ◽  
Jian Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Facile Route ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel bio-based composites were developed from maleate castor oil (MACO) and lignin through free radical initiated copolymerization between MACO and diluent monomer styrene(St). The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical and thermal behaviors of the composites were investigated, which showed the incorporation of a little of lignin in the castor oil based polymer can enhance the tensile properties of the matrix polymer greatly. This work provides a facile route to prepare bio-based composite materials from castor oil and lignin and can be extended to prepare other bio-based materials from reproducible resources.

scholarly journals Construction of in situ degradation bacteria of corn straw and analysis of its degradation efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Gong ◽  
Hongtao Zou ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yubo Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Purpose The highly efficient degradation bacteria were selected from the humus from the very cold straw in China for many years to construct the in situ degradation bacteria, and the degradation efficiency of corn straw was determined by process optimization. Methods According to the main components of corn straw, through morphological, physiological, and biochemical screening, three highly efficient complementary degradation strains were selected to construct the compound flora, and the degradation efficiency was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. Result The corn straw selected in this paper is mainly composed of cellulose (31.99%), hemicellulose (25.33%), and lignin (14.67%). Through the determination of enzyme activity, strain Streptomyces sp. G1T has high decomposition ability to cellulose and hemicellulose but weak utilization ability to lignin; strain Streptomyces sp. G2T has the strongest decomposition ability to cellulose and hemicellulose among the three strains. The decomposition ability of strain Streptomyces sp. G3T to lignin was the strongest among the three strains. Therefore, by compounding the three strains, the decomposition ability has been greatly improved. The optimal process conditions obtained by single factor and response surface method are as follows: pH is 7, temperature is 30 °C, inoculation amount is 5%, rotational speed is 210 rpm, and the weight loss rate of straw is 60.55% after decomposing for 7 days. A large amount of degradation of corn straw can be seen by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. Conclusion Streptomyces sp. G1T, Streptomyces sp. G2T, and Streptomyces sp. G3T screened from straw humus in very cold areas were used to construct in situ degradation bacteria, which had good straw degradation activity and had the potential to be used for straw treatment in cold areas after harvest. This characteristic makes the complex bacteria become a strong competitive candidate for industrial production, and it is also an effective biotechnology in line with the current recycling of resources.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Forsterit-Karbon Tersintesis dalam Medium Gas Argon

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Solihudin Solihudin ◽  
Haryono Haryono ◽  
Atiek Rostika Noviyanti ◽  
Muhammad Rizky Ridwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Komposit forsterit-karbon merupakan salah satu material modifikasi dari forsterit yang berpotensi memiliki sifat isolator panas baik. Karbon dalam komposit dapat mengisi cacat titik pada kristal forsterit. Arang sekam padi (residu gasifikasi) mengandung SiO2 amorf dan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dalam medium gas inert (dengan pengaliran gas argon) terhadap karakteristik komposit forsterit-karbon dari arang sekam padi dan magnesium karbonat. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi arang sekam padi hasil gasifikasi, dan sintesis forsterit-karbon. Proses sintesis komposit forsterit karbon dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan arang sekam padi dengan kalium karbonat pada rasio mol magmesium terhadap silikon sebesar 2 : 1 kemudian dikalsinasi dengan suhu divariasikan (700, 800, 900, dan 1000 oC). Selanjutnya sampel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa forsterit mulai terbentuk pada suhu kalisiasi 800 oC dan sempurna pada suhu 1000 oC, karenanya komposit yang terbentuk pada 1000 oC dimungkinkan sebagai forsterit-karbon, di mana unsur-unsur yang terkandung ditunjukkan oleh SEM-EDS.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of Forsterite-Carbon Composites Synthesized in Argon Gas Medium</strong>. Forsterite-carbon composite is one of the material modifications of forsterite, which potentially has a good heat insulation property. Carbon in composites can fill point defects in forsterite crystals. Rice husk charcoal, as gasification residues, contains high amorphous SiO2 and carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the calcination of a mixture of rice husk charcoal and magnesium carbonate under an inert gas (argon gas) on the characteristics of the forsterite-carbon composite produced. The experimental research performed includes the preparation of gasified rice husk charcoal and the synthesis of the carbon-forsterite composite. The synthesis process of the carbon-forsterite composites was carried out by mixing rice husk charcoal with potassium carbonate at a mole ratio of magnesium to silicon of 2 : 1. The mixture was then calcined with varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). Furthermore, the synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The FTIR and XRD analysis show that the forsterites began to form at a calcination temperature of 800 °C and perfectly formed at a temperature of 1000 °C; therefore, the composite formed at 1000 °C is possible as forsterite-carbon, in which the contained elements were indicated by SEM-EDS.</p>

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kelarutan dan Laju Disolusi Glimepirid Melalui Metode Kokristalisasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Fitrianti Darusman ◽  
Sundani N Soewandhi ◽  
Rachmat Mauludin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan kokristalisasi glimepirid (GMP) dengan asam oksalat (AO) menggunakan metode penggilingan dan pelarutan (menggunakan pelarut aseton). Diagram fase sistem biner GMP-AO digunakan untuk identifikasi awal pembentukan interaksi antar kedua komponen serta ditegaskan kembali dengan analisis mikroskopik menggunakan alat pemanas (hot stage) yang dihubungkan dengan mikroskop polarisasi. Padatan hasil kokristalisasi dikarakterisasi dengan metode analisis termal (Differential Scanning Calorymetry), difraktometri sinar-X serbuk (Powder X-Ray Diffraction), spektrofotometri inframerah (Fourier Transform-Infra Red) dan mikroskopi (Scanning Electron Microscope). Hasil identifikasi dan karakterisasi menunjukkan interaksi eutektik antara kedua fase kristalin GMP-AO dalam keadaan padat pada perbandingan molar 3:7, dengan titik eutektik pada temperatur 128,7°C. Selanjutnya, uji kelarutan dan laju disolusinya menggunakan media dapar fosfat pH 7,4. Kelarutan dan laju disolusi GMP hasil kokristalisasi meningkat dibandingkan dengan campuran fisika dan senyawa tunggalnya.Kata kunci : glimepirid, kokristalisasi, eutektik, kelarutan dan laju disolusi.

scholarly journals Optimasi Ukuran dan Jumlah Pori yang Terbentuk Pada Molacularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Nano Karbaril (C12H11NO2)

POSITRON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Suci Aprilia ◽  
Erry Koryanti ◽  
Idha Royani
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Imprinted Polymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan pembuatan molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) nano karbaril dengan metode cooling-heating. Pembuatan MIP nano karbaril bertujuan untuk mendapatkan material sensor yang potensial dalam aplikasinya. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan aktif karbaril di-milling dengan variasi waktu 10 menit dan 15 menit. Pada proses polimerisasi melibatkan templat nano karbaril, methacrylic acid (MAA) sebagai monomer fungsional, ethylene glycol dimathacrylate (EDMA) sebagai crosslinker, benzoil peroksida (BPO) sebagai inisiator, dan acetonitril sebagai pelarut yang disintesis menggunakan metode cooling-heating. Dengan cara yang sama, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) juga dibuat sebagai polimer kontrol.  NIP merupakan polimer yang dibuat dengan komposisi dan cara yang sama dengan MIP, namun tidak ditambahkan nano karbaril sebagai zat aktif. Pembuangan templat pada proses ekstraksi sangat berperan penting untuk menghasilkan material sensor yang baik. MIP, polimer, dan NIP yang dihasilkan di karakterisasi menggunakan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dan sampel terbaik dideteksi lebih lanjut dengan uji x-ray diffraction (X-RD), dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi spesifik nano karbaril pada NIP tidak tampak bila dibandingkan dengan spektra MIP, dan terjadi penurunan persen transmitansi pada polimer dan peningkatan % transmitansi pada MIP. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa terjadi penurunan konsentrasi nano karbaril pada MIP setelah proses ektraksi. Hasil X-RD menunjukkan ukuran kristal yaitu 9,16 Å. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pori tercetak dengan ukuran ≤100 nm yaitu 383 pori.  Data ini mengindikasikan bahwa MIP nano karbaril potensial untuk diaplikasikan sebagai material sensor.

Controlling the Growth of ZnO-SiO2 Nanostructures Using Pt-Coated Si Substrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Dea Marie V. Peguit ◽  
Rolando T. Candidato ◽  
Reynaldo M. Vequizo ◽  
Majvell Kay G. Odarve ◽  
Bianca Rae B. Sambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pronounced Peak

ZnO-SiO2 nanostructures were grown on both bare Si and Pt-coated Si substrates via chemical bath deposition (CBD). The grown nanostructures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurement and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. Surface morphology results revealed that Pt-coated Si substrate have promoted the growth of ZnO-SiO2 nanostructures by providing more active sites for nucleation thus formation ZnO-SiO2 nanostructures were observed. It is believed that SiO2 will adhere to the non-polar sides of the grown ZnO nanostructures. This result is manifested in the FTIR spectra which showed a pronounced peak corresponding to ZnO-SiO2 grown on bare Si suggesting that more Si-O bonds are present. However, Pt-coating did not significantly affect the band gap of the grown ZnO-SiO2 nanostructures.

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