Effect of Application of Probiotics Based on Mixed Effects Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Ya Ling Xu ◽  
Wei Wei Sui ◽  
Jun Jian Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Shed Light

In order to explore the effect of application of J-4 micro ecological preparation, based on the data from the experiment in the farm of Yixian County, Hebei Province, the research group established a linear mixed effects model , with time as independent variables, age and different formulations as the fixed effects, using spss software for analysis and solving, the results indicate that the model has the extremely good fitting and forecasting effect and method1 is the optimal ratio. The results will shed light on the further study of the role of probiotics .

scholarly journals Secukinumab provides sustained low rates of radiographic progression in psoriatic arthritis: 52-week results from a phase 3 study, FUTURE 5

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Philip J Mease ◽  
Robert B M Landewé ◽  
Proton Rahman ◽  
Hasan Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Random Slope ◽  
Modified Total Sharp Score

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of secukinumab on radiographic progression through 52 weeks in patients with PsA from the FUTURE 5 study. Methods Patients with active PsA, stratified by prior anti-TNF use (naïve or inadequate response), were randomized to s.c. secukinumab 300 mg load (300 mg), 150 mg load (150 mg), 150 mg no load regimens or placebo at baseline, at weeks 1, 2 and 3 and every 4 weeks starting at week 4. Radiographic progression was assessed by change in van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (vdH-mTSS; mean of two readers). Statistical analysis used a linear mixed-effects model (random slope) at weeks 24 and 52, and observed data at week 52. Assessments at week 52 included additional efficacy endpoints (non-responders imputation and mixed-effects models for repeated measures) and safety. Results The majority (86.6%) of patients completed 52 weeks of treatment. The proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (change from baseline in vdH-mTSS ⩽0.5) was 91.8, 85.2 and 87.2% in 300, 150 and 150 mg no load groups, respectively, at week 52. The change in vdH-mTSS from baseline to week 52 using random slope [mean change (s.e.)] was –0.18 (0.17), 0.11 (0.18) and –0.20 (0.18) in 300, 150 and 150 mg no load groups, respectively; the corresponding observed data [mean change (s.d.)] was –0.09 (1.02), 0.13 (1.39) and 0.21 (1.15). Clinical efficacy endpoints were sustained, and no new or unexpected safety signals were reported through 52 weeks. Conclusion Secukinumab 300 and 150 mg with or without s.c. loading regimen provided sustained low rates of radiographic progression through 52 weeks of treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02404350.

Abstract 144: Differing Pattern of ECG Changes During Resuscitation From Pulseless Electrical Activity Depending on Etiology

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar W Skjeflo ◽  
Trond Nordseth ◽  
Jan Pål Loennechen ◽  
Daniel Bergum ◽  
Eirik Skogvoll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Cardiac Group

Introduction: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a frequent initial rhythm in in-hospital cardiac arrest. ECG changes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have been linked to prognosis; QRS complex narrowing and increase in QRS-rate/heart rate was observed before return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Our hypothesis was that ECG changes during CPR of patients with cardiac arrest with initial PEA could also be different depending on etiology of arrest. Methods: Patients with cardiac arrest with initial PEA at St. Olav University Hospital (Trondheim, Norway) between January 2009 and January 2012 were prospectively included. QRS duration and heart rate were measured at all pauses in chest compressions. Etiologies were categorized as ‘Cardiac’ or ‘Other’. Trends in the material were inspected using additive mixed effects models for the last 18 minutes before ROSC or end of CPR and development of QRS width was analyzed using linear mixed effects models based on these trends. Results: A total of 63 patients for whom a reliable cause of arrest could be identified retrospectively were included. 1844 combined measurements of QRS width and heart rate were made. According to the additive mixed effects model the development in heart rate was similar in both etiology groups. The change in QRS width differed in patients who obtained ROSC, with the Cardiac group narrowing more than the other group, and both groups ending at essentially the same QRS widths at ROSC (figure). By the linear mixed effects model this difference in change was statistically significant (p=0.04). In patients who did not have ROSC, the cardiac group had significantly (p=0.001, linear mixed effects model) wider QRS complexes, but the change towards ROSC was the same in both groups. Conclusion: During the last 18 minutes before ROSC ECG characteristics differed depending on etiology, with cardiac etiologies having wider QRS complexes in the no-ROSC groups and narrowing more towards ROSC in the ROSC groups.

scholarly journals Lifestyle-induced Stress Drives the Natural Immune Oscillations and COVID-19 Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Kundu ◽  
L Roman CARRASCO ◽  
R Manjunatha Kini
Keyword(s):  
Routine Activities ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Nervous Systems

Coronavirus and COVID-19 infections continue to wreak havoc across the world. Interestingly, the COVID-19 infections and deaths display a clear seven-day cycles. Mathematical analysis using linear mixed-effects models show that this periodicity is not due to reporting errors. We hypothesize that these COVID-19 cycles are related to natural immune cycles which also oscillate every seven days. These immune cycles are regulated by stress and mediated through the endocrine and the central nervous systems. Our routine activities and lifestyle of more stressful weekdays flanked by less stressful, relaxing weekends define the seven-day immune cycles. The synchronized low immunity levels in the population is responsible for repeated seven-day waves of pathogenic infections such as COVID-19. The new understanding of the role of immune oscillations will help in developing strategies to enhance our immunity through modified lifestyle and better, innovative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Musical Aesthetic Sensitivity_Postprint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clemente ◽  
Marcus Thomas Pearce ◽  
Marcos Nadal
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Personal Trait ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Empirical aesthetics has mainly focused on general and simple relations between stimulus features and aesthetic appreciation. Consequently, to explain why people differ so much in what they like and prefer continues to be a challenge for the field. One possible reason is that people differ in their aesthetic sensitivity, i.e., the extent to which they weigh certain stimulus features. Studies have shown that people vary substantially in their aesthetic sensitivities to visual balance, contour, symmetry, and complexity, and that this variation explains why people like different things. Our goal here was to extend this line of research to music and examine aesthetic sensitivity to musical balance, contour, symmetry, and complexity. Forty-eight non-musicians rated their liking for 96 4-second Western tonal musical motifs, arranged in four subsets varying in balance, contour, symmetry, or complexity. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate individual differences in the extent to which each musical attribute determined their liking. The results showed that participants differed remarkably in the extent to which their liking was explained by musical balance, contour, symmetry, and complexity. Furthermore, a retest after two weeks showed that this measure of aesthetic sensitivity is reliable, and suggests that aesthetic sensitivity is a stable personal trait. Finally, cluster analyses revealed that participants divided into two groups with different aesthetic sensitivity profiles, which were also largely stable over time. These results shed light on aesthetic sensitivity to musical content and are discussed in relation to comparable existing research in empirical aesthetics.

The Use of Theory of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Detect Fraudulent Erasures at an Aggregate Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442199489
Author(s):  
Luyao Peng ◽  
Sandip Sinharay
Keyword(s):  
Type I Error ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Wollack et al. (2015) suggested the erasure detection index (EDI) for detecting fraudulent erasures for individual examinees. Wollack and Eckerly (2017) and Sinharay (2018) extended the index of Wollack et al. (2015) to suggest three EDIs for detecting fraudulent erasures at the aggregate or group level. This article follows up on the research of Wollack and Eckerly (2017) and Sinharay (2018) and suggests a new aggregate-level EDI by incorporating the empirical best linear unbiased predictor from the literature of linear mixed-effects models (e.g., McCulloch et al., 2008). A simulation study shows that the new EDI has larger power than the indices of Wollack and Eckerly (2017) and Sinharay (2018). In addition, the new index has satisfactory Type I error rates. A real data example is also included.

scholarly journals Cerebral and Somatic Oxygen Saturation in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease before Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Mi Jin Kim ◽  
Jae Suk Baek ◽  
Jung A Kim ◽  
Seul Gi Cha ◽  
Jeong Jin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Brain Injury ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Cardiac Diagnosis

BACKGROUND: We investigated preoperative cerebral (ScO2) and abdominal (StO2) regional oxygen saturations according to cardiac diagnosis in neonates with critical CHD, their time trends, and the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with them. METHODS: Thirty-seven neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD were included. ScO2 and StO2 values were continuously evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy. Measurements were obtained hourly before surgery. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess the effects of time and cardiac diagnosis on regional oxygenation and to explore the contributing factors. RESULTS: Regional oxygenation differed according to cardiac diagnosis (p < 0.001). ScO2 was lowest in the patients with severe atrioventricular valvar regurgitation (AVVR) (48.1 ± 8.0%). StO2 tended to be lower than ScO2, and both worsened gradually during the period between birth and surgery. There was also a significant interaction between cardiac diagnosis and time. The factors related to ScO2 were hemoglobin and arterial saturation, whereas no factor was associated with StO2. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ScO2 and StO2 in critical CHD differed according to cardiac diagnosis. ScO2 in the patients with severe AVVR was very low, which may imply cerebral hypoxia. ScO2 gradually decreased, suggesting that the longer the time to surgery, the higher the risk of hypoxic brain injury.

Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692199680
Author(s):  
Michael Gradoville ◽  
Mark Waltermire ◽  
Avizia Long
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phonetic Realization

Aims and objectives: While previous research has shown that phonetic variation in language contact situations is affected by whether a word has a cognate in the contact language, this paper aims to show that such an effect is not monotonic. According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect. Methodology: This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We examined this relationship in the bilingual community of Rivera, Uruguay, in which both Portuguese and Spanish are spoken with regularity. Specifically, we focused on intervocalic /d/, which in monolingual Spanish is realized as an approximant [ð̞] or phonetic zero, but in monolingual Brazilian Portuguese is produced as a stop [d] or, in most varieties, an affricate [ʤ] before [i]. Data and analysis: We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of the Spanish spoken in Rivera. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the relationship between several predictors and the degree of constriction of intervocalic /d/. Findings/conclusions: While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates. Originality: No previous study has demonstrated that the cognate effect on phonetic variation in a situation of language contact is regulated by form similarity between cognate pairs. Significance/implications: The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.

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