Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame Retarded PP/EVA Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Shao Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Flammability of polypropylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (PP/EVA) composites containing melamine phosphate (MP) and pentaerythritol (PER) was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94. It is found that the LOI values decrease with the increase of EVA content in the PP/EVA composites. The thermal decomposition were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the PP/EVA composites were studied. Compared with the flame retarded PP/EVA composites, the incorporation of a small amount of the peroxide (DCP) into the flame retarded composites leads to an increase in both tensile properties and flame retardancy.

Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Toughened Phenolic Foams Containing APP, MP and MCA

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1809-1812
Author(s):  
Shao Hong Xu ◽  
Xiao Yu Sui ◽  
Zheng Zhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Melamine Phosphate

Flammability of toughened phenolic (PF) foams containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine phosphate (MP) or melamine cyanurate(MCA) was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI). The LOI values show that APP or MP is an effient flame retardant than MCA in the toughened PF foams. The thermal decomposition and mechanical properties of the phenolic foams were also investigated.

Flame Retardance and Thermal Decomposition of EVA Composites Containing Melamine Phosphate and Dipentaerythritol

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Gan Xin Jie ◽  
Ping Kai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Flame retarded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was prepared in a melt process containing melamine phosphate (MP), or MP in combination with dipentaerythritol (DPER) as flame retardants. The influence of MP and MP/DPER on flame retardant properties of EVA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94 test. Thermal decomposition of the flame retardants and flame retarded EVA composites was studied by the thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that MP used alone in EVA does not exerts good flame retardancy, even at a loading of 50wt%. It is found that the flame retardant properties of the EVA/MP/DPER composites is greatly improved when a suitable amount of MP substituted by DPER. Moreover, mechanical properties of the EVA composites were studied.

Synergistic Effects of Zinc Oxide on Intumescent Flame-Retarded Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Hu ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Shang Yue Shen ◽  
Hong Chang Han ◽  
Hui Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Synergistic Agent

The melamine phosphate (MP) was synthesized from melamine and phosphate acid. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as a synergistic agent by adding into the MP during the synthesis process. The reaction products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The properties of polypropylene (PP) composites containing intumescent flame retardant (IFR) additives of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol (PER) were investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the LOI value of the composites could be enhanced obviously with suitable content of ZnO. When the ZnO content was 6 wt% in MP, the LOI value reached 34.1%, which showed 10% higher than that of the composites without ZnO.

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Polyurea-Based Coatings Containing Flame Retardants Based on Aluminum Hydroxide, Resorcinol Bis(Diphenyl Phosphate), and Tris Chloropropyl Phosphate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5168
Author(s):  
Wojciech Dukarski ◽  
Piotr Krzyżanowski ◽  
Marcin Gonsior ◽  
Iwona Rykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate ◽  
Further Development

Polyurea is a synthetic material made by the reaction of isocyanate and polymer blend-containing amines. Due to its outstanding mechanical properties and fast curing, polyurea-based coatings have found dozens of applications, including waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings. Further development of this material can create a flame-retardant product, a good alternative for common products available on the market, such as intumescent coatings. To improve the flame retardancy of polyurea, several flame retardants were investigated. The influence of aluminum hydroxide, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and tris chloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) on flame retardancy and morphology was studied. The following methods were used: infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, and tensile strength. The examinations mentioned above showed the improvement of flame-retardancy of polyurea for two products: chlorinated organophosphate and organophosphate. Nevertheless, using the chlorinated organophosphate additive caused a rapid deterioration of mechanical properties.

Functionalization of Graphene and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Jute/Poly(lactic acid) Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7074-7082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Changqing Hu ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Matrix Toughness ◽  
Modified Graphene

In this work, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was covalently grafted onto the surface of graphene to get modified graphene (G-DOPO) firstly. The mechanical properties and flame retardancy of jute/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite with G-DOPO were studied. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was confirmed that DOPO was grafted on the surface of graphene successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the residue char of the composites increased with the addition of G-DOPO. The total heat release (THR) of the composite was significantly reduced and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased after adding G-DOPO into the composite. Moreover, the mechanical properties results showed that the comprehensive effects of G-DOPO on the interface enhancement and matrix toughness were found.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ultrafine Magnesium Hydroxide on the Tensile Properties and Flame Retardancy of Wood Plastic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Wu ◽  
Na Hu ◽  
Yiqiang Wu ◽  
Shuyun Wu ◽  
Zu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test

The effect of ultrafine magnesium hydroxide (UMH) and ordinary magnesium hydroxide (OMH) on the tensile properties and flame retardancy of wood plastic composites (WPC) were investigated by tensile test, oxygen index tester, cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide possesses strengthening and toughening effect of WPC. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of fracture section of samples provided the positive evidence that the tensile properties of UMH/WPC are superior to that of WPC and OMH/WPC. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test illustrated that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide has stronger flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of WPC compared to that of ordinary magnesium hydroxide. The results of thermogravimetric analysis implied that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide can improve the char structure which plays an important role in reducing the degradation speed of the inner matrix during combustion process and increases the char residue at high temperature.

Flame Retardancy of Lanthanum Phosphinate in Combination with Intumescen Flame-Retardant in Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3366-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Halogen Free

The flame-retardant of Lanthanum phenylphosphinate(LaPi) was prepared and its combination with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in polypropylene (PP) was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the UL-94 test. Compared with using IFR alone, using the combination of LaPi and IFR gained the better classification in the UL 94 test thanks to the combination of the different mechanisms. When 20 wt% loading of flame retardant of LaPi and IFR, a halogen-free V-0 PP material was achieved with a LOI of 31%.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CARBON FIBER ON THE COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR, THERMAL STABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER (EVA) AND 9,10-DIHYDRO-9-OXA-10-PHOSPHAPHENANTHRENE-10-OXIDE (DOPO) COMPOSITES

10.6036/10031 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
XIAN WANG ◽  
JUNYI DAI ◽  
TIANQING XING ◽  
JINLONG ZHUO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is widely used due to its good processability, low density, and low temperature resistance. However, it burns easily and has several disadvantages, such as a high heat release rate and melt dripping, and it emits large amounts of smog and toxic harmful gases. These disadvantages greatly limit the application of EVA in the wire and cable field. In this study, a series of carbon fiber (CF)/9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)/EVA composites are prepared through melt compounding to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EVA. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composites are studied through microscale combustion calorimeter experiments, cone calorimeter tests, thermogravimetric analysis, digital camera, and tensile measurements. Results indicate that among the six samples, the EVA-5 composite with 4.0 wt% CF, 16.0 wt% DOPO, and 80 wt% EVA has the highest limiting oxygen index value (25.1%) and reaches the V-1 level of the Underwriters Laboratory-94 test. Compare with that of pure EVA, the peak heat release rate of the EVA-5 composite has reduced by 30.2% and 47.7%. In addition, the total heat release of EVA-5 reduces by 17.0% and 34.8% relative to that of pure EVA. Data of thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability of CF/DOPO/EVA improves with the increase in CF loading. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation-at-break values of EVA-5 are 14.30 MPa and 1142.87%, respectively, indicating that this material can maintain good mechanical properties. CF not only enhances the tensile properties of EVA but also acts as a skeleton during burning. This action could increase the strength of the carbon layer and enhance the flame-retardant effect of DOPO. CF and DOPO have an enhanced synergistic effect that could improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of EVA composites. This work provides a theoretical basis for the preparation and production of CF/DOPO/EVA composites with good comprehensive performance. Keywords: thylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide; carbon fiber; flame retardant; synergistic effects

Effect of Sepiolite Content on Mechanical and Flammability Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Nanocomposite

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Hossein Cheraghi Bidsorkhi ◽  
Zurina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Twin Screw

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Sepiolite nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion using a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. Sepiolite was loaded in EVA is varies at 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%. The mechanical properties of EVA/Sepiolite nanocomposites were studied through tensile test. The flame retardancy of nanocomposites were studied for limiting oxygen index (LOI). LOI tests show that the flame retardancy of nanocomposites were increased with increase ratio of sepiolite in EVA/Sepiolite nanocomposite. The tensile properties of EVA/Sepiolite nanocomposites were also increased with increased Sepiolite content in nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Ladder and Cage Structured Phosphorus-Containing POSS with Tetrabutyl Titanate on Flame Retardancy of Vinyl Epoxy Resins

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Xu Han ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Xianyuan Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Smoke Production ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

The cage and ladder structured phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (DOPO-POSS) have been synthesized through the hydrolytic condensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES). The unique ladder and cage–ladder structured components in DOPO-POSS endowed it with good solubility in vinyl epoxy resin (VE), and it was used with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) to construct a phosphorus-silicon-titanium synergy system for the flame retardation of VE. Thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the resultant VE composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), three-point bending tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, and cone calorimetry. The experimental results showed that with the addition of only 4 wt% DOPO-POSS and 0.5 wt% TBT, the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) increased from 19.5 of pure VE to 24.2. With the addition of DOPO-POSS and TBT, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) were decreased significantly compared to VE-0. In addition, the VE composites showed improved thermal stabilities and mechanical properties comparable to that of the VE-0. The investigations on pyrolysis volatiles of cured VE further revealed that DOPO-POSS and TBT exerted flame retardant effects in gas phase. The results of char residue of the VE composites by SEM and XPS showed that TBT and DOPO-POSS can accelerate the char formation during the combustion, forming an interior char layer with the honeycomb cavity structure and dense exterior char layer, making the char strong with the formation of Si-O-Ti and Ti-O-P structures.

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