Study on Synthesis and Synergetic Effect of Novel Bio-Based PVC Thermal Stabilizer from Dimer Fatty Acid and Polymerized Rosin

2013 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Jian Chun Jiang ◽  
Shou Hai Li ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Jian Ling Xia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Double Decomposition ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Calcium zinc monomer salts were prepared via simple one-step double decomposition reaction with the aid of DA and PR as raw materials. FTIR analysis demonstrated that calcium zinc monomer salts of DA and PR have been successfully synthesized. The synergistic effect between DA-based and PR-based calcium zinc monomer salts, the effects of addition amount of DOP and the synergistic effects between epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and calcium/zinc stabilizers on thermal stability of PVC were analyzed by means of the Congo-red paper, torque rheometer and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The results showed that preferable synergistic stabilizing effects were observed when DA calcium/zinc salt and polymerized rosin calcium/zinc salt were used together. In addition, appropriate dosage of DOP could inhibit the thermal degradation of PVC, and ESO also have certain synergetic effect with prepared novel calcium/zinc stabilizers.

Study on One-Step Process of the Size Mixture Blending and Acidolysis Modification of Starch

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Wang ◽  
Yan Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
One Step ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Acid Dosage

Taking cassava starch as the raw materials and hydrochloric acid (HCL) as the catalyst, the acidolysis modification of starch was performed combining with the size mixture blending process. The results show that when the concentration of cassava starch is in the range of 8%~12%, the dosage of 6% hydrochloride acid for 1000g starch milk is about 0.8g~1.2g, and the viscosity of acidolysis starch decreases with the increase of hydrochloric acid dosage. The viscosity can reach the stable level when the reaction time is about 2 hours for the size mixture of low viscosity, and is about 3 hours for that of the high viscosity. Also, the viscosity thermal stability of size mixture is verified to be good.

Recovery Value Metals from Mixed Spent Li-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lin Yan Li ◽  
Fan Yun Zeng ◽  
Xue Jun Wang ◽  
Sheng Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Leaching Condition ◽  
Addition Amount

With the rapid development and wide application of Li-ion batteries, cathode materials containing value metals Co, Ni and Mn are blended by several kind of metal oxide presently for pursuing high safe stability and low cost. The composition of spent Li-ion batteries has become complicated and optimum leaching condition varied. In this paper, leaching process for the mixture of pure LiCoO2and Li (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2was studied. With an increase in component of LiCoO2in mixed materials, the optimum leaching condition varied as: temperature from 60°C to 90°C, H2O2addition amount from 0.54 to 0.75ml/g and liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 20. According to this result, a real mixed spent batteries materials was recovered by being leached in 2M H2SO4at temperature of 90°C, liquid-solid ratio 20 and 0.6ml/g H2O2added. The leaching efficiencies of Co, Ni, Mn, Li were 96.88%, 93.71%, 92.12%, 99.43% respectively. Cu, Al and Fe in solution were removed by precipitation and solvent extraction. Finally, Ni, Co, Mn were extracted by D2EHPA for separating with Na+and other impurities, which is used as a raw materials for preparation of cathode active materials in batteries.

scholarly journals Open problems in traceability: from raw materials to finished food products

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Comba ◽  
Fabrizio Dabbene ◽  
Paolo Gay ◽  
Cristina Tortia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Food Traceability ◽  
Clear Sign ◽  
One Step ◽  
Risk Notification ◽  
Production Period ◽  
The Impact

Even though the main EU regulations concerning food traceability have already entered to force since many years, we still remark very wide and impacting product recalls, which often involve simultaneously large territories and many countries. This is a clear sign that current traceability procedures and systems, when implemented with the only aim of respecting mandatory policies, are not effective, and that there are some aspects that are at present underestimated, and therefore should be attentively reconsidered. In particular, the sole adoption of the so-called “one step back-one step forward traceability” to comply the EC Regulation 178/2002, where every actor in the chain handles merely the data coming from his supplier and those sent to his client, is in fact not sufficient to control and to limit the impact of a recall action after a risk notification. Recent studies on lots dispersion and routing demonstrate that each stakeholder has to plan his activities (production, transformation or distribution) according to specific criteria that allow pre-emptively estimating and limiting the range action of a possible recall. Moreover, these new and very recently proposed techniques still present some limits; first of all the problem of traceability of bulk products (e.g. liquids, powders, grains, crystals) during production phases that involve mixing operations of several lots of different/same materials. In fact, current traceability practices are in most cases unable to deal efficiently with this kind of products, and, in order to compensate the lack of knowledge about lot composition, typically resort to the adoption of very large lots, based for instance on a considered production period. Aim of this paper is to present recent advances in the design of supply chain traceability systems, discussing problems that are still open and are nowadays subject of research.

One-Step Method of Carbon Thermal Reduction and Nitride to Produce Vanadium Nitrogen Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Chao Chen ◽  
Zheng Liang Xue ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Preferential Formation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Nitrogen Alloy ◽  
Product Forms

Keywords: vanadium pentoxide；carbon black；reduction and nitridation；vanadium nitrogen alloy. Abstract. The V2O5 extracted from low vanadium shale and carbon black are used as raw materials to prepare briquetting samples through mixing, grinding and pressing. The samples are prereduced, final reduced and nitrated to produce vanadium nitrogen alloy with high nitrogen content. Thermodynamic analysis and experiment results show that：（1）In order to avoid V2O5 volatilization loss during reduction, the briquetting samples should be pre-reduced for 4 hours below the melting point 670°C of V2O5, which can transform V2O5 into low valence vanadium oxide.（2）During V2O5 being self-reduction under N2 atmosphere, if the final reduction temperature is below 1271°C, the VN is preferential formation; if more than 1271°C, the reduced product forms V4C3.（3）To make a product with high nitrogen and low carbon content, the final reduction and nitride temperature should be controlled below 1300°C.

scholarly journals Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Kairytė ◽  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sylwia Członka ◽  
Anna Strąkowska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Smoke Suppressant ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Currently, there is great demand to implement circular economy principles and motivate producers of building materials to integrate into a closed loop supply chain system and improve sustainability of their end-product. Therefore, it is of great interest to replace conventional raw materials with inorganic or organic waste-based and filler-type additives to promote sustainability and the close loop chain. This article investigates the possibility of bottom waste incineration ash (WA) particles to be used as a flame retardant replacement to increase fire safety and thermal stability under higher temperatures. From 10 wt.% to 50 wt.% WA particles do not significantly deteriorate performance characteristics, such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption after 28 days of immersion, and at 32 °C WA particles improve the thermal stability of resultant PU foams. Furthermore, 50 wt.% WA particles reduce average heat release by 69% and CO2 and CO yields during fire by 76% and 77%, respectively. Unfortunately, WA particles do not act as a smoke suppressant and do not reduce smoke release rate.

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