Effects of Ozone Stress on Leaf-Level Photosynthesis in Soybean (Glycine max)

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jun Li Wang ◽  
Tian Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

Glycine max were exposed in nine the open-top chambers to three levels of ozone (O3) concentration (ambient, approximately 45 nL·L-1 and two elevated ozone, 80±10 nL·L-1 and 110±10 nL·L-1) in four different growing stages (branching, flowering, podding and filling). In order to study the effect of different ozone concentration on photosynthesis parameters, the emphasis of this research was on photosynthetic pigment contents, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange, Hill reaction activity and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity in soybean leaves. This paper reveals its response process and degree of photosynthesis in soybean leaves under different elevated O3, and it could establish the foundation for the study of plants adaptability mechanism under elevated O3 on the molecular level. The results showed that elevated O3 concentration accelerated peroxidation damage, and plants could not tolerate O3-induced injure, thus reducing photosynthesis by stomatal closure because of O3 exposure in soybean leaves. And O3 stress caused an acceleration of caducity that might be in part responsible for the reduction of photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization on terrestrial runoff over the past three decades: Accounting for above- and below-ground vegetation-CO<sub>2</sub> effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Tim R. McVicar ◽  
Dawen Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Terrestrial Runoff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Vegetation Water

Abstract. Elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) affects vegetation water use, with consequent impacts on terrestrial runoff (Q). However, the sign and magnitude of the eCO2 effect on Q is still contentious. This is partly due to the poor understanding of the opposing eCO2-induced water effects at different scales, being water-saving caused by partial stomatal closure at the leaf-level contrasting with increased water-consumption due to increase foliage cover at the canopy level, leading to highly debated findings among existing studies. None of the existing studies implicitly account for eCO2-induced changes to below-ground vegetation functioning. Here we develop an analytical eco-hydrological framework that includes the effects of eCO2 on plant leaf, canopy density, and rooting characteristics to attribute changes in Q and detect the eCO2 signal on Q over the past three decades. Globally, we detect a very small decrease of Q induced by eCO2 during 1982–2010 (−1.69 %). When assessed locally, along the resource availability (α) gradient, a positive trend (p 

scholarly journals Anion channel SLAH3 is a regulatory target of chitin receptor-associated kinase PBL27 in microbial stomatal closure

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Tobias Maierhofer ◽  
Katarzyna Rybak ◽  
Jan Sklenar ◽  
Andy Breakspear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Short Signal ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Full Activation

In plants, antimicrobial immune responses involve the cellular release of anions and are responsible for the closure of stomatal pores. Detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces currents mediated via slow-type (S-type) anion channels by a yet not understood mechanism. Here, we show that stomatal closure to fungal chitin is conferred by the major PRRs for chitin recognition, LYK5 and CERK1, the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBL27, and the SLAH3 anion channel. PBL27 has the capacity to phosphorylate SLAH3, of which S127 and S189 are required to activate SLAH3. Full activation of the channel entails CERK1, depending on PBL27. Importantly, both S127 and S189 residues of SLAH3 are required for chitin-induced stomatal closure and anti-fungal immunity at the whole leaf level. Our results demonstrate a short signal transduction module from MAMP recognition to anion channel activation, and independent of ABA-induced SLAH3 activation.

Comparative Water Relations, Photosynthesis, and Growth of Soybean (Glycine max) and Seven Associated Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Growth dynamics, water relations, and photosynthesis of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.), spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlect.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were compared in a controlled-environment greenhouse programmed for 32C day and 23C night temperatures. Net photosynthetic rates, net assimilation rates, and water-use efficiency on a whole-plant or single-leaf basis were greatest in the C4-plant, smooth pigweed. Total dry-matter production at 29 days after planting was greatest in common cocklebur and least in jimsonweed. Interspecific differences in dry-matter production were highly positively correlated with leaf area duration and negatively correlated with net assimilation rate. Threshold leaf water-potential levels causing stomatal closure varied among species. The stomata of jimsonweed were the most sensitive to water stress and those of prickly sida were the least sensitive.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Growth of Fagus crenata Seedlings Under Elevated Ozone and Different Soil Nutrient Conditions

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Hiroka Hiroshima ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kinose ◽  
Shigeaki Okabe ◽  
Takeshi Izuta
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Forest Production ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

Ozone is a phytotoxic gaseous air pollutant and its negative effects on forest production are a major concern. To understand the effects of ozone on forest production, it is important to clarify the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for tree growth under elevated ozone conditions, because nitrogen is a primal limiting factor of forest production in many cool-temperate forests. Soil nutrient conditions are considered factors affecting ozone susceptibility of tree growth. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of ozone on NUE for the growth of Siebold’s beech (Fagus crenata Blume) seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions. Seedlings of Siebold’s beech were grown under three gas treatments (charcoal-filtered air or ozone at 1.0 or 1.5 times the ambient concentration) in combination with three soil nutrient conditions (non-fertilised, low-fertilised or high-fertilised) for two growing seasons. Based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration in each plant organ, we calculated NUE and its components, including nitrogen productivity (NP) and the mean residence time of nitrogen (MRT) during the second growing season. Ozone did not decrease the NUE of the seedlings during the second growing season, whereas leaf level photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), a component of NP, was decreased by ozone. On the other hand, the soil nutrient supply decreased the NUE of the seedlings. Reductions in both NP and MRT were attributed to the decrease in NUE because of soil nutrient supply, whereas PNUE did not respond to soil nutrient supply. There was no significant interaction of ozone and soil nutrient supply on the NUE, or its components, of the seedlings. Our results indicated that there is a difference in the response between the NUE for individual growth and that of leaf level PNUE of Siebold’s beech seedlings to ozone and soil nutrient supply.

Bentazon Selectivity in Hot Pepper (Capsicum chinense) and Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora M. Baltazar ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
David M. Peele
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

The susceptibility of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuumL. ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’) and tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum chinenseL. ‘Bohemian Chili’) to bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] was demonstrated under greenhouse and field conditions. Sweet pepper growth and fruit production were inhibited by foliar applications of bentazon at rates of 0.6 to 6.7 kg ai/ha. Severity of injury increased with application rate. Injury symptoms in sweet pepper were leaf chlorosis, with necrosis and death of shoot apices. Foliar applications of bentazon to hot pepper resulted in little or no injury. Bentazon inhibited Hill reaction activity of isolated chloroplasts from both species to a similar extent, suggesting that selectivity of this compound in hot pepper is not due to resistance at the chloroplast level.

Die Wirkung von UV-Strahlen auf die Lipochinon-Pigment-Zusammensetzung isolierter Spinatchloroplasten / Effect of uv-light on the lipoquinone and pigment composition of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Manfred Tevini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Cyclic Photophosphorylation ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

The changes in quinone and pigment composition of isolated spinach chloroplasts were investigated after treatment with UV-light of 254 mμ, which is known to decrease the Hill- reaction activity. The plastidquinones are more UV-sensitive than carotenoids (except neoxanthin) and chlorophylls. Neoxanthin, reduced plastoquinone 45 and α-tocopherol function consecutively as lipid antioxidants and are first destroyed. The latter are oxidized to the corresponding quinones plastoquinone 45 and α-tocoquinone, which thus seem to be less UV-sensitive. The decrease of the Hillreaction activity runs parallel with the decomposition of plastoquinol (= Plastohydrochinon) and not with that of plastoquinone as has been assumed so far. This indicates that plastoquinol is needed for performance of the Hill - reaction.The naphthoquinone vitamin K1, bound to the pigment system I of photosynthesis, is less UV-sensitive than the plastidquinones of the benzoquinone type which are associated mainly with the pigment system II. The possible function of vitamin K1 as one natural cofactor of cyclic photophosphorylation is discussed.

Natural 15N/14N isotope composition in C3 leaves: are enzymatic isotope effects informative for predicting the 15N-abundance in key metabolites?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Tcherkez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Organic N ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
15N Abundance

Although nitrogen isotopes are viewed as important tools for understanding plant N acquisition and allocation, the current interpretation of natural 15N-abundances (δ15N values) is often impaired by substantial variability among individuals or between species. Such variability is likely to stem from the fact that 15N-abundance of assimilated N is not preserved during N metabolism and redistribution within the plant; that is, 14N/15N isotope effects associated with N metabolic reactions are certainly responsible for isotopic shifts between organic-N (amino acids) and absorbed inorganic N (nitrate). Therefore, to gain insights into the metabolic origin of 15N-abundance in plants, the present paper reviews enzymatic isotope effects and integrates them into a metabolic model at the leaf level. Using simple steady-state equations which satisfactorily predict the δ15N value of amino acids, it is shown that the sensitivity of δ15N values to both photorespiratory and N-input (reduction by nitrate reductase) rates is quite high. In other words, the variability in δ15N values observed in nature might originate from subtle changes in metabolic fluxes or environment-driven effects, such as stomatal closure that in turn changes v0, the Rubisco-catalysed oxygenation rate.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Soybean in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Ghorbani ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Wilt Virus

During the summers of 1999 and 2000, 3,110 soybean (Glycine max) leaf samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in the Ardebil, Goletan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Mazandaran provinces of Iran. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in leaf samples by TSWV-specific polyclonal antibody (As-0526 and As-0580, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Mechanical inoculation of 26 plant species (10 plants per species) and cultivars with extracts of positive leaf samples produced necrotic local lesions in Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Talash, Vicia faba, and Vigna unguiculata cv. Mashad; produced systemic chlorosis followed by necrosis in Datura stramonium, D. metel, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, N. glutinosa, N. bentamiana, and Glycine max cv. Hill; and produced chlorosis, stunting, and bud necrosis in Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Plants developing these symptoms following mechanical inoculation with extracts from original soybean leaves were positive in ELISA for TSWV. ELISA results indicate that the overall incidence of TSWV on soybean in the five provinces was 5.4%. TSWV has been reported in potato (2) and tomato (1) from Iran, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TSWV on soybean in Iran. References: (1) K. Bananej et al. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 34:30, 1998. (2) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 85:442, 2001.

scholarly journals EFIKASI EKSTRAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR MORTALITAS LARVA PENGGULUNG DAUN (Lamposema indicate) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairudin Chairudin ◽  
Sumeinika Fitria Lizmah ◽  
Rol Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Experimental Garden

Soybean leaf roller known as Lamposema indicata. These insects attack the leaves of soybean plants by rolling up soybean leaves, that are launched 3-4 weeks after planting. The research aims to find out application of Jathropha curcas extract againts the mortality of soybean leaf roller pest (Lamposema indicata) and reduce damage to soybean plants. This research was conducted in the experimental garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University in October to November 2019. The research was arranged in a non factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 levels with 5 replications. The factors experience is Jathropha curcas seed extract concentrate are E1 (control), E1 (20%, E2 (13.3% and E3 (10%). The results shows Lamprosema mortality shows the highest found in the E3 regulation, this is because in the E3 setting it has a high concentration so that the composition of the poisons contained is also high. Castor seed extract (Jatropha curcas) contains the composition of phorbol ester and cursin. Based on the observations displayed during the observation, namely changes in behavior, slowing movement of larvae, discoloration from clear green to pale yellow and compacting of the larva's body cavity.Keywords: Effectiveness of concentration, mortality, leafworm caterpillars

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