Purification Effect of Micro Bubble Coolant

2009 ◽  
Vol 76-78 ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Ninomiya ◽  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Toshiharu Shimizu ◽  
Tetsutaro Uematsu ◽  
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Micro Bubble

The authors have proposed a new coolant named “micro bubble coolant” in which micro bubbles (20-50µm in diameter) are included. In the previous study, it was clarified that the tool life is improved by applying this new coolant to various machining such as boring, turning and grinding. This paper deals with purification effect of the micro bubble coolant. It has been found from the experiments that bacteria which cause putrefaction of the conventional water soluble coolant are eliminated by generating micro bubbles in the coolant. It has also been clarified that the micro bubble coolant isolates minute machined chips and machine oil from the coolant.

Removal Machining Performances by Using Inert Gas Filled Micro Bubble Coolant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Ryouta Yamashita ◽  
Satoshi Anzai ◽  
Shinichi Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Micro Bubble

Abstract The authors have proposed a micro bubble coolant in which micro bubbles (20∼50μm in diameter) are included in water soluble coolant. In the previous study, it was confirmed that the tool life was improved by applying the micro bubble coolant to various machining operations such as drilling, turning and grinding. Also, purification effects of the micro bubble coolant were found. In this study, micro bubble coolant in which inert gases (N2 and CO2) were mixed was proposed to be applied to grinding processes for further improvement in grinding performances. When nitrogen gas (2L/min) was mixed with the micro bubble in the water soluble coolant (70L), amount of the dissolved oxygen in coolant decreased to 0.5mg/L. And concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the coolant increased to 100mg/L when carbon dioxide gas (2L/min) was mixed in. From the result of grinding test on high speed steel, it was found that grinding performances improved when the micro bubble coolant with any of air, N2 and CO2 gases was used. The grinding force decreased by a factor of about 15% and the tool life increased by 20∼30%. When nitrogen gas was mixed in, the surface roughness improved by about 15%. In grinding stainless steels, performances such as grinding force, tool life and surface roughness improved by 10% when nitrogen gas was mixed in. In addition, a tendency of flank wear reduction and improvement in the surface roughness were observed when air micro bubble was mixed into the coolant in the turning of high carbon steel and Inconel 718 as well. When N2 micro bubble was generated in the coolant, a flank wear was reduced by 20% and surface roughness was improved by 30 to 40%. These effects were higher than the coolant with air micro bubble.

Tapping Performance by Use of Strong Alkali Ion Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Masahide Yamada ◽  
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Machining Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Life Improvement ◽  
Alkali Ion

The authors have been conducting a research to apply strong alkali ion water (pH12 or so) to a working fluid for material removal processing. This is to cope with various problems relating to the existing water-soluble working fluid such as coolant putridity and the associated deterioration of factory environments and increased disposal costs of working fluids as well as to improve machining efficiency and tool life. In this study, the strong alkali ion water was applied to the tapping (M10) of stainless steel (SUS440C). As a result, use of the strong alkali ion water was found to contribute to the tool life improvement.

Performance of Strong Alkali Ion Water in Cutting and Grinding Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Hideaki Hashimoto ◽  
Masahide Yamada ◽  
Haruhisa Yamada ◽  
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Machining Efficiency ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
City Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Alkali Ion

Recent years, use of the strong alkali ion water produced by electrolyzing high purity water (RO water) with addition of a small amount of electrolyte (potassium carbonate) is becoming widely used as a substitutable cleaning liquid in place of organic solvent which is said to exert a bad influence on the environment. The authors have been conducting a research to apply this strong alkali ion water (pH12 or so) to a working fluid for material removal processing. This is to cope with various problems relating to the existing water-soluble working fluid such as coolant putridity and the associated deterioration of factory environments and increased disposal costs of working fluids as well as to improve machining efficiency and tool life. In this study, the authors would like to describe how the working fluid consisting of water-soluble lubricant diluted with the strong alkali ion water contributes to an improvement of the factory environment and verify experimentally that the said fluid could improve the tool life by 1.2 to several times. In addition, a factor contributing to the improvement of material removal characteristics has been found to be the fact that the friction resistance of the said fluid containing the strong alkali ion water is as low as 2/3~1/2 of that of the fluid diluted with the city water.

Turning of Titanium Alloy Using Near-Dry Methods with MQL, Coolant Mist and Hybrid Mist Supplies

2017 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Wakabayashi ◽  
Keisuke Yamada ◽  
Shota Koike ◽  
Toshifumi Atsuta
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
View Point ◽  
Fluid Supply ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Atomized Water

Because of effective machining operations with a very small amount of cutting fluids, near-dry machining attracts increasing attentions for environmental and economical benefits. MQL machining has so far been recognized as the most representative near-dry method and it is highly successful in machining of most ordinary steels. Recent concern for environmentally friendly manufacturing further encourages the attempts at applying near-dry operations to machining of difficult-to-cut materials. Since titanium alloys are typical difficult-to-cut materials, this paper investigates the cutting performance of various near-dry methods in turning of a titanium alloy from the view point of elongating the tool life. Those near-dry operations include supply methods of regular MQL mist, coolant mist and hybrid mists, where the coolant mist is atomized water-soluble cutting fluid and hybrid mists are the mixture of MQL and coolant mists. The regular MQL operation provided longer tool life than that of dry machining. In addition, compared with MQL machining, the hybrid mist operations could further extend tool life and, in particular, the single coolant mist operations demonstrated the possibility of making the tool life longer than that of ordinary wet machining with flood cutting fluid supply.

Filter-Less Purification of Grinding Fluid by Using PGA Based Flocculant

2011 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Ninomiya ◽  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Grinding Fluid ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Protection Property ◽  
Suspended Matters ◽  
Free Abrasive

Water soluble coolant has been widely used as machining fluid owing to its environment- friendly characteristic, fine protection property and low price. However, as this type of coolant is perishable, a large amount of labor is required for its maintenance of the coolant. Moreover, in high precision machining, separation of minute machined chips generated during grinding and machine oil from the coolant is indispensable, and a special filtering-device and other equipments are necessary. In this paper, a method to purify water-soluble grinding fluid using PGA based flocculant was examined. As a result of experiments, it was clarified that the suspended matters such as grinding swarf or free abrasive grains in the fluid can be removed at the collection rate of more than 99%. A new filter-less coolant purification technology was established by combined use of micro bubble coolant.

Near-Dry Machining of Titanium Alloy with MQL and Hybrid Mist Supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Wakabayashi ◽  
Junji Kuhara ◽  
Toshifumi Atsuta ◽  
Akira Tsukuda ◽  
Norio Sembongi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
View Point ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Polyol Esters ◽  
Atomized Water

Near-dry machining attracts increasing attentions for environmental and economical benefits, and MQL machining has been recognized as the most representative near-dry method. It is highly successful in machining of most ordinary steels, and synthetic biodegradable polyol esters play a significant role as an effective cutting fluid with a very small amount. Recent concern for environmentally friendly manufacturing further encourages the attempts at applying near-dry operations to machining of difficult-to-cut materials. Since titanium alloys are typical difficult-to-cut materials, this paper investigates the cutting performance of various near-dry methods in turning of a titanium alloy from the view point of elongating the tool life. Those near-dry methods include regular MQL and hybrid mist supply operations, where the hybrid mist is a mixture of MQL mist and coolant mist which is atomized water-soluble cutting fluid. The regular MQL operation provided considerably long tool life compared with that of dry machining and the hybrid mist operation showed the possibility of making the tool life longer. The cutting performance was largely influenced by the type of MQL lubricants. In particular, a synthetic polyol ester lubricant having low viscosity indicated the successful cutting performance when it was combined with the coolant mist supply in the hybrid mist application.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Ultrasonic Atomization Assisted Turning of Titanium Alloy

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbing Meng ◽  
Bingqi Huang ◽  
Xiaojuan Dong ◽  
Yizhong Hu ◽  
Yugang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
Cooling And Lubrication

There are high cutting temperatures, large tool wear, and poor tool life in conventional machining, owing to the superior strength and low thermal conductivity of titanium alloy. In this work, ultrasonic atomization assisted turning (UAAT) of Ti6Al4V was performed with a mixed water-soluble oil-based cutting fluid, dispersed into tiny droplets by the high frequency vibration of a piezoelectric crystal. Different cutting speeds and two machining environments, dry and ultrasonic atomization assisted machining, were considered in the investigation of tool life, tool wear morphology, surface roughness, and chip morphology. In comparison with dry machining, UAAT shows lower tool wear and longer tool life due to the advantages of cooling and lubrication. Furthermore, better surface roughness, smoother chip edges, and shorter tool-chip contact length were obtained with UAAT.

S1302-1-1 Effects of Water Soluble Cutting Fluid on Tool Life

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010.4 (0) ◽  
pp. 251-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro JIDO ◽  
Fumiaki TAKAGI
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cutting Fluid

A Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin as an Embedding Material for Electron Microscopy of Membranes

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 328-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Robertson ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Cell Organization

The extraction of lipids from tissues during fixation and embedding for electron microscopy is widely recognized as a source of possible artifact, especially at the membrane level of cell organization. Lipid extraction is also a major disadvantage in electron microscope autoradiography of radioactive lipids, as in studies of the uptake of radioactive fatty acids by intestinal slices. Retention of lipids by fixation with osmium tetroxide is generally limited to glycolipids, phospholipids and highly unsaturated neutral lipids. Saturated neutral lipids and sterols tend to be easily extracted by organic dehydrating reagents prior to embedding. Retention of the more saturated lipids in embedded tissue might be achieved by developing new cross-linking reagents, by the use of highly water soluble embedding materials or by working at very low temperatures.

Ferritin Labeled Antibody Staining of Thin Sections

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
J. D. McLean ◽  
S. J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

The successful application of ferritin labeled antibodies (F-A) to ultrathin sections of biological material has been hampered by two main difficulties. Firstly the normally used procedures for the preparation of material for thin sectioning often result in a loss of antigenicity. Secondly the polymers employed for embedding may non-specifically absorb the F-A. Our earlier use of cross-linked polyampholytes as embedding media partially overcame these problems. However the water-soluble monomers used for this method still extract many lipids from the material.

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