Uncomplicated Setting Apparatus for Measurement of Fluid Flow Rate Using Laser Doppler Technique: Physics Teaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Chatchalong Apiputikul ◽  
Kheamrutai Thamaphat ◽  
Monrudee Ranusawad ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Single Observation

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) or laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is the technique of using the Doppler shift in a laser beam to determine the fluid velocity. In this work, dual beam mode (two incident beams, single observation location) was selected to use. A cost effective and easy module for measurement of water flow rate was designed and constructed. A He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm was used as a light source. The laser was passed through a beam splitter and divided into two beams with identical intensity and coherence. Subsequently, the two laser beams travelled to a focusing lens with a focal length of 100 mm and focused on a center of water flow channel in quartz cuvette with a dimension of 1 × 1 × 5 cm3. The beam angle was set at 4.96°. When the seeding particles, bubbles and microorganism in water, were moving through the intersection point of two beams, the light was scattered. The scattered light was collected by photodetector connected to processing system. The frequency of scatterred light is shifted according to the Doppler shift relations due to effect of Rayleigh scattering. The water flow rate can be calculated from Doppler shift frequency.

Comprehensive analysis of the thermohydraulic performance of cooling networks subject to fouling and undergoing retrofit projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094531
Author(s):  
Hebert Lugo-Granados ◽  
Lázaro Canizalez-Dávalos ◽  
Martín Picón-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rate Distribution

The aim of this paper is to develop guidelines for the placing of new coolers in cooling systems subject to retrofit. The effects of the accumulation of scale on the flow system are considered. A methodology to assess the interconnected effect of local fluid velocity and fouling deposition is developed. The local average fluid velocity depends on the water flow rate distribution across the piping network. The methodology has four main calculation components: a) the determination of the flow rate distribution across the piping network, b) the prediction of fouling deposition, c) determination of the hydraulic changes and the effect on fouling brought about by the placing of new exchangers into an existing structure, and d) the calculation of the total cooling load and pressure drop of the system. The set of disturbances introduced to the system through fouling and the incorporation of new coolers, create network responses that eventually influence the cooling capacity and the pressure drop. In this work, these interactions are analysed using two case studies. The results indicate that, from the thermal point of view, the incorporation of new heat exchangers is recommended in series. The limit is the point where the increase of the total pressure drop causes a reduction in the overall volumetric flow rate. New coolers added in parallel create a reduction of pressure drop and an increase in the overall water flow rate; however, this increase is not enough to counteract the reduction of fluid velocity and heat capacity removal.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Flow on Underwater Wet Welded A36 Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Eko Surojo ◽  
Aziz Harya Gumilang ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Eko Prasetya Budiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
A36 Steel

Underwater wet welding (UWW) combined with the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) method has proven to be an effective way of permanently joining metals that can be performed in water. This research was conducted to determine the effect of water flow rate on the physical and mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, toughness, and bending effect) of underwater welded bead on A36 steel plate. The control variables used were a welding speed of 4 mm/s, a current of 120 A, electrode E7018 with a diameter of 4 mm, and freshwater. The results show that variations in water flow affected defects, microstructure, and mechanical properties of underwater welds. These defects include spatter, porosity, and undercut, which occur in all underwater welding results. The presence of flow and an increased flow rate causes differences in the microstructure, increased porosity on the weld metal, and undercut on the UWW specimen. An increase in water flow rate causes the acicular ferrite microstructure to appear greater, and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) will form finer grains. The best mechanical properties are achieved by welding with the highest flow rate, with a tensile strength of 534.1 MPa, 3.6% elongation, a Vickers microhardness in the HAZ area of 424 HV, and an impact strength of 1.47 J/mm2.

Experimental Characterization of a Modified Airlift Pump

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Keegan Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Airlift Pump ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
Churn Flow

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a modified airlift pump. Experiments were undertaken as a function of air-water flow rate for two submergence ratios (ε=0.58 and 0.74), and two different riser geometries (i) straight pipe with a constant inner diameter of 19 mm and (ii) enlarged pipe with a sudden expanded diameter of 19 to 32 mm. These transparent vertical pipes, of 1 m length, were submerged in a transparent rectangular tank (0.45×0.45×1.1 m3). The compressed air was injected into the vertical pipe to lift the water from the reservoir. The flow map regime is established for both configurations and compared with previous studies. The two phase air-water flow structure at the expansion region is experimentally characterized. Pipeline geometry is found to have a significant influence on the output water flow rate. Using high speed photography and electrical conductivity probes, new flow regimes, such as “slug to churn” and “annular to churn” flow, are observed and their influence on the output water flow rate and efficiency are discussed. These experimental results provide fundamental insights into the physics of modified airlift pump.

scholarly journals Impacts of Water Flow Rate on Freezing Prevention of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers in Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Guo ◽  
Huimin Wei ◽  
Xiaoru Yang ◽  
Weijia Wang ◽  
Xiaoze Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Flow Rate

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Improvement of Wet Cooling Tower Efficiency with Diverse Packing Compaction Using ANN-PSO Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Hasan Alimoradi ◽  
Madjid Soltani ◽  
Pooriya Shahali ◽  
Farshad Moradi Kashkooli ◽  
Razieh Larizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate

In this study, a numerical and empirical scheme for increasing cooling tower performance is developed by combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a neural network and considering the packing’s compaction as an effective factor for higher accuracies. An experimental setup is used to analyze the effects of packing compaction on the performance. The neural network is optimized by the PSO algorithm in order to predict the precise temperature difference, efficiency, and outlet temperature, which are functions of air flow rate, water flow rate, inlet water temperature, inlet air temperature, inlet air relative humidity, and packing compaction. The effects of water flow rate, air flow rate, inlet water temperature, and packing compaction on the performance are examined. A new empirical model for the cooling tower performance and efficiency is also developed. Finally, the optimized performance conditions of the cooling tower are obtained by the presented correlations. The results reveal that cooling tower efficiency is increased by increasing the air flow rate, water flow rate, and packing compaction.

Optimizing the performance of hemispheric solar still using nano-ZnO with cooling the glassy cover at a variable water flow rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hadi Attia ◽  
Abd Elnaby Kabeel ◽  
S. A. El-Agouz ◽  
El Mir Mabrouk Lassaad ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Variable Water
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document