Influence of FIT Rate on the Adoption of Residential PV System in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Hong Bo Ren ◽  
Wei Jun Gao ◽  
Jian Xing Ren
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

The energy consumption in residential sector is increasing rapidly these years in China. The searching for a substitute for fossil energy sources has increased the interest in photovoltaic (PV) system as a friendly and reliable energy technology. In this study, as a promotion policy for PV system, the suitable feed-in tariff (FIT) rates are calculated assuming the cost payback time is within twenty years. Five cities, Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Guangzhou located in different climate areas in China are selected for study. According to the simulation results, except Shanghai, the optimal FIT rate is close to the grid electricity rate especially in Beijing when there is no subsidy; on the other hand, the optimal FIT rates based on a 1/3 subsidy are less than the situation without a subsidy especially in Shanghai, the optimal FIT rate even reaches to zero when partly access to the grid.

Technical and Economic Analysis of BIPV Project in a University Campus of Beijing

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Chun Xia Jia ◽  
Yi Ping Guo ◽  
Shu Long Teng
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Campus Building

The campus building-integrated photovoltaic project is introduced in the paper. The installed gross power of the PV system is 470 KW, and its generation index is 173.7 KWh/m2.Compared with the traditional municipal power supply, the unit incremental cost of photovoltaic is 53.5 RMB/W and the cost effectiveness ratio is 1.75 RMB/KWh. However utilization of PV system will save fossil energy, lower pollutions and greenhouse gases obviously.

scholarly journals Vertical force requirement for stump lifting

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Czupy ◽  
E. Horváth-Szováti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Stump Diameter

In harvest areas the soil preparation is occasionally necessary before reforestation including the removal, collection and transportation of stumps from the soil. Issues related to climate change and the shortage of fossil energy sources call for an increased rate of renewable energy sources. Using the stumps removed from the soil as fuel is a significant resource for biomass. For lifting a stump together with its roots a grab mounted on a shovel is generally used. To rationalise this operation, analyses of stump lifting time have been carried out. We tested a machine mounting one grab for stump lifting on three tree types (Scots pine, robinia and poplar) and found functions correlating stump extraction force and stump diameter, which can be used in order to choose the right machine and determine the cost of the operation.  

scholarly journals Operation experiences of the PV system of an office building utilising environmental energy

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Imre Török
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Residential Sector

One of the most important research directions in the building sector is reducing the energy consumption. In Hungary the residential sector is the biggest energy consumer with 40% from the total energy consumption of the country. One possibility to decrease the energy consumption is using renewable energy sources. In this work I show a short description of PV cells and some measurements.

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Based Novel Approach to CPU Scheduler

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-328
Author(s):  
Supriya Raheja
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Unique Capability

Background: The extension of CPU schedulers with fuzzy has been ascertained better because of its unique capability of handling imprecise information. Though, other generalized forms of fuzzy can be used which can further extend the performance of the scheduler. Objectives: This paper introduces a novel approach to design an intuitionistic fuzzy inference system for CPU scheduler. Methods: The proposed inference system is implemented with a priority scheduler. The proposed scheduler has the ability to dynamically handle the impreciseness of both priority and estimated execution time. It also makes the system adaptive based on the continuous feedback. The proposed scheduler is also capable enough to schedule the tasks according to dynamically generated priority. To demonstrate the performance of proposed scheduler, a simulation environment has been implemented and the performance of proposed scheduler is compared with the other three baseline schedulers (conventional priority scheduler, fuzzy based priority scheduler and vague based priority scheduler). Results: Proposed scheduler is also compared with the shortest job first CPU scheduler as it is known to be an optimized solution for the schedulers. Conclusion: Simulation results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of intuitionistic fuzzy based priority scheduler. Moreover, it provides optimised results as its results are comparable to the results of shortest job first.

scholarly journals Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Yepes ◽  
José V. Martí ◽  
José García
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Geometric Variables ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Black Hole Algorithm

The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction company, and the optimization of emissions is relevant in the environmental impact of construction. To address the optimization, black hole metaheuristics were used, along with a discretization mechanism based on min–max normalization. The stability of the algorithm was evaluated with respect to the solutions obtained; the steel and concrete values obtained in both optimizations were analyzed. Additionally, the geometric variables of the structure were compared. Finally, the results obtained were compared with another algorithm that solved the problem. The results show that there is a trade-off between the use of steel and concrete. The solutions that minimize CO 2 emissions prefer the use of concrete instead of those that optimize the cost. On the other hand, when comparing the geometric variables, it is seen that most remain similar in both optimizations except for the distance between buttresses. When comparing with another algorithm, the results show a good performance in optimization using the black hole algorithm.

scholarly journals Analysis of Operational Efficiencies and Costs for Extracting Thinned Woods in Small-Scale Forestry, Nasunogahara Area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Truck ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manual Extraction ◽  
Truck Transportation

In this study, two operational methodologies to extract thinned woods were investigated in the Nasunogahara area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Methodology one included manual extraction and light truck transportation. Methodology two included mini-forwarder forwarding and four-ton truck transportation. Furthermore, a newly introduced chipper was investigated. As a result, costs of manual extractions within 10 m and 20 m were JPY942/m3 and JPY1040/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the forwarding cost of the mini-forwarder was JPY499/m3, which was significantly lower than the cost of manual extractions. Transportation costs with light trucks and four-ton trucks were JPY7224/m3 and JPY1298/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances. Chipping operation costs were JPY1036/m3 and JPY1160/m3 with three and two persons, respectively. Finally, the total costs of methodologies one and two from extraction within 20 m to chipping were estimated as JPY9300/m3 and JPY2833/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances and three-person chipping operations (EUR1 = JPY126, as of 12 August 2020).

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