Application of #Chain Equations to Resource Scheduling

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 544-552
Author(s):  
U.J. Udosen
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Resource Scheduling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Network Diagrams

Chain (pronounced number chain) equations were applied in the resource scheduling of two projects. The first project involved the scheduling of one type of manpower with unlimited resource availability while the second involved categorized manpower with resource constraints. The Earliest Start (ES), Latest Start (LS) and Leveling methods were applied to schedule the first project and were characterized by plotting network diagrams to schedule the project. When the #Chain approach was employed to schedule the same project, plotting of network diagrams was obviated but yielded similar manpower profiles and project duration of 12 weeks as the other methods. The ES, LS and Leveling methods did not lend themselves to scheduling of the project with categorized manpower having constraints and were not applied for scheduling the second project. However, the #Chain equations were applied, with ease, to schedule the second project to generate manpower profiles for each type of manpower. Due to the constraints applied, the project duration was extended from 12 weeks to 14 weeks. Hence the #Chain approach proffers a simple and preferred methodology for scheduling categorized resources with their attendant constraints.

scholarly journals Phenology of two interdependent traits in migratory birds in response to climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiah Pardede Kristensen ◽  
Jacob Johansson ◽  
Jörgen Ripa ◽  
Niclas Jonzén
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Asynchronous Hatching

In migratory birds, arrival date and hatching date are two key phenological markers that have responded to global warming. A body of knowledge exists relating these traits to evolutionary pressures. In this study, we formalize this knowledge into general mathematical assumptions, and use them in an ecoevolutionary model. In contrast to previous models, this study novelty accounts for both traits—arrival date and hatching date—and the interdependence between them, revealing when one, the other or both will respond to climate. For all models sharing the assumptions, the following phenological responses will occur. First, if the nestling-prey peak is late enough, hatching is synchronous with, and arrival date evolves independently of, prey phenology. Second, when resource availability constrains the length of the pre-laying period, hatching is adaptively asynchronous with prey phenology. Predictions for both traits compare well with empirical observations. In response to advancing prey phenology, arrival date may advance, remain unchanged, or even become delayed; the latter occurring when egg-laying resources are only available relatively late in the season. The model shows that asynchronous hatching and unresponsive arrival date are not sufficient evidence that phenological adaptation is constrained. The work provides a framework for exploring microevolution of interdependent phenological traits.

scholarly journals FedPARL: Client Activity and Resource-Oriented Lightweight Federated Learning Model for Resource-Constrained Heterogeneous IoT Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Imteaj ◽  
M. Hadi Amini
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Distributed Machine Learning

Federated Learning (FL) is a recently invented distributed machine learning technique that allows available network clients to perform model training at the edge, rather than sharing it with a centralized server. Unlike conventional distributed machine learning approaches, the hallmark feature of FL is to allow performing local computation and model generation on the client side, ultimately protecting sensitive information. Most of the existing FL approaches assume that each FL client has sufficient computational resources and can accomplish a given task without facing any resource-related issues. However, if we consider FL for a heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) environment, a major portion of the FL clients may face low resource availability (e.g., lower computational power, limited bandwidth, and battery life). Consequently, the resource-constrained FL clients may give a very slow response, or may be unable to execute expected number of local iterations. Further, any FL client can inject inappropriate model during a training phase that can prolong convergence time and waste resources of all the network clients. In this paper, we propose a novel tri-layer FL scheme, Federated Proximal, Activity and Resource-Aware 31 Lightweight model (FedPARL), that reduces model size by performing sample-based pruning, avoids misbehaved clients by examining their trust score, and allows partial amount of work by considering their resource-availability. The pruning mechanism is particularly useful while dealing with resource-constrained FL-based IoT (FL-IoT) clients. In this scenario, the lightweight training model will consume less amount of resources to accomplish a target convergence. We evaluate each interested client's resource-availability before assigning a task, monitor their activities, and update their trust scores based on their previous performance. To tackle system and statistical heterogeneities, we adapt a re-parameterization and generalization of the current state-of-the-art Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm. The modification of FedAvg algorithm allows clients to perform variable or partial amounts of work considering their resource-constraints. We demonstrate that simultaneously adapting the coupling of pruning, resource and activity awareness, and re-parameterization of FedAvg algorithm leads to more robust convergence of FL in IoT environment.

Part III Headquarters Agreements, 35 Legal Issues Related to International Military Headquarters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hill Steven ◽  
Favuzza Federica
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contemporary Practice

This chapter provides a general overview of the types of international military headquarters (IMHQs) and their legal nature. IMHQs encompass a wide range of structures that are in use in the contemporary practice of States and international organifzations. States tend to find them attractive options for a variety of reasons, including the promotion of cooperation and coordination and the expression of shared political and/or military commitments. They can also be an important tool to help States address resource constraints, including by taking advantage of efficiencies gained through specialization and economies of scale. IMHQs all share the common characteristic of being in one way or the other ‘international’. Their nature varies widely, including with respect to their mission and their composition and structure. Because of this diversity, the chapter only discusses selected legal issues that tend to arise in connection with IMHQ and will likely arise in the future.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Multi-Skilled Workforce on the Flexibility of Project Resource Scheduling and Project Costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thulisile Manyi ◽  
Rosemary Sibanda ◽  
Ankit Katrodia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Resource Scheduling ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Duration Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The introduction of multi-skilling within organisations is normally conducted with the aim of improving efficiency, quality, production and cost-effectiveness. The study addressed the effect of using multiskilled workforce in the execution of project activities by studying the changes in project execution resource scheduling flexibility and project costs in response to workforce multi-skilling strategy. A quantitative research design was used, to test the concept of workforce multi-skilling to predict its influence on project resource scheduling, project cost saving, project duration, effect on optimal utilization of project technicians and members if adopted at Eskom PTM Central Group department. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to collect data and statistical analysis of data was conducted. The hypothesis testing performed concluded as follows; H1: The use of multi-skilling provides for flexible project resource scheduling; the research hypothesis was accepted. H2: Multi-skilling has a positive effect on the project cost savings; the research hypothesis was rejected. H3: The use of multi-skilling has no significant impact on project duration; the research hypothesis was rejected. H4 (i): The findings show that a positive relationship between multi-skilling and job redesign exists, and H4 (ii): Multi-skilling therefore has a positive impact on the adoption of multi skills; both research hypotheses were accepted.

scholarly journals Research on Multi-objective Optimization of Substation Project Management Based on Resource Constraint

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01055
Author(s):  
Xichu Zhou ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Sixia Fan ◽  
Bin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
Engineering Projects

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the electricity load continues to increase, the national demand for power engineering projects is also increasing.In the context of the gradual improvement of national requirements for substation projects, decision makers no longer only consider the optimal standards of project duration, cost and quality, but also the resources consumed in the construction and the degree of impact on the environment are important criteria for judging projects.However, in order to be environment-friendly and based on resource constraints, the project management of substation projects is becoming more and more complicated.In this paper, resource factors are added on the basis of the three classical indexes, and the optimal resource allocation of the project is realized under the condition of minimizing the adverse impact on the environment. The feasibility scheme of multi-objective optimization is obtained through particle swarm optimization algorithm.

Project buffer sizing and dynamic buffer consumption algorithm in power generation construction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakib Zohrehvandi ◽  
Mohammad Khalilzadeh ◽  
Maghsoud Amiri ◽  
Shahram Shadrokh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Buffer Sizing

PurposeThe aim of this research is to propose a buffer sizing and buffer controlling algorithm (BSCA) as a heuristic algorithm for calculating project buffer and feeding buffers as well as dynamic controlling of buffer consumption in different phases of a wind power plant project in order to achieve a more realistic project duration.Design/methodology/approachThe BSCA algorithm has two main phases of planning and buffer sizing and construction and buffer consumption. Project buffer and feeding buffers are determined in the planning and buffer sizing phase, and their consumption is controlled in the construction and buffer consumption phase. The heuristic algorithm was coded and run in MATLAB software. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to show the BSCA influence on project implementation. Then, to evaluate the BSCA algorithm, inputs from this project were run through several algorithms recently presented by researchers. Finally, the data of 20 projects previously accomplished by the company were applied to compare the proposed algorithm.FindingsThe results show that BSCA heuristic algorithm outperformed the other algorithms as it shortened the projects' durations. The average project completion time using the BSCA algorithm was reduced by about 15% compared to the previous average project completion time.Originality/valueThe proposed BSCA algorithm determines both the project buffer and feeding buffers and simultaneously controls their consumption in a dynamic way.

Setting the Stage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verdini Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ◽  
The Other ◽  
White House ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The U.S

Explores how the Mexican and U.S. negotiators, after decades of mistrust and confrontation, jump-started the binational negotiations over the Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbons reservoirs. Getting the Other Side to the Table explores how Mexico was able to convince the U.S. to start negotiations. Due to changing political and resource-availability contexts on both sides of the border, along with the strategic engagement of industry stakeholders, after years of deadlock, Mexico was finally able to persuade the U.S. of the need to create a framework through which to co-manage transboundary hydrocarbon reservoirs. Getting Your Own Side to the Table, examines how the U.S. federal stakeholders (including the Department of Interior, Department of State, and the White House), through the thoughtful leadership of key individuals, were able to address the politics and logistical hurdles in order to bring the necessary people to the their own side of the table. This crucial step of gathering key U.S. negotiators involved creative adaptations of both formal and informal processes.

An Improved Production Scheduling Algorithm Based on Resource Constraints

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problem ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Mathematics Model ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Aircraft Assembly ◽  
Two Stages

For resource-constrained project scheduling problems, with aircraft assembly as its background, we established its mathematics model as constraint satisfaction problem. An improved critical path scheduling algorithm is proposed, considering the constraints of precedence relations, resource constraints and space constraints, through the two stages of planning, reaching for aircraft assembly task scheduling optimization objectives. Through the given numerical example results show that, when the objective consists in minimizing the project duration, the algorithm has better performance.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Microfinance in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Karn
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the opportunities and challenges faces the microfinance sector in Nepal. Many developmental programs implemented in Nepal, microfinance programs have a strong rural orientation and are targeted at the poor. Numerous challenges are ahead of this sector like lack of accessibility, unhealthy competition, seasonal migration, political unawareness, excluding vulnerable groups, threatening the financial discipline, resource constraints, low level of knowledge. of micro finance institutions (MFIs) etc. On the other hand, the rapid increase in poverty in Nepal, along with other opportunities, is paving way for the growth of this sector and offering a huge market potential for microfinance. On this basis the sector presents a lot of opportunities such as: stimulating growth of economy, women empowerment, increasing volume, accessibility and outreach, economics of scope etc.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 72-75 

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