Evaluation of Lime Treated Oil Contaminated Soils for Use in Waste Containment Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Relative Compaction ◽  
Waste Containment Systems

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of lime treated oil contaminated soil for use in waste containment systems. Soil samples were treated with up 6 % lime contents. Specimens were prepared at optimum moisture content and compacted using British Standard Light (BSL) or Standard Proctor (relative compaction = 100%) to evaluate its effectiveness when used in waste containment applications. The hydraulic conductivity values increased with higher lime contents but were less than 1 x 10-9 m/s required for a liner material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bentonite Mixed Indigenous Clays for Development of Clay Liners

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Israil ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Fahim ◽  
Rashid Rehan ◽  
Sajjad Wali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Free Swell

This study presents experimental investigation of indigenous clays mixed with Bentonite to assess their suitability in potential use as clay liners. Soil samples with 0, 4, 8, and 12% Bentonite content from three different sites in Peshawar region were tested for various geotechnical properties. Grain size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits and free swell were found through laboratory tests using appropriate ASTM procedures. Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were calculated using Atterberg limits in available relationships. Finally, one dimensional consolidation tests were conducted to find relevant parameters for calculating hydraulic conductivity. A decrease in specific gravity, increase in free swell, and in optimum moisture content, decline in maximum dry density and hydraulic conductivity was observed with increase in Bentonite content across all three soil samples. During free swell, the soil clusters become larger leading to formation of floccules resulting in the narrowing of inter-particle space and thus blocking of permeable paths. It is concluded that 8% Bentonite content by weight yields a suitable mixture for a clay liner that has hydraulic conductivity in the range of recommended limits.

The Effect of Compactive Efforts on the Hydraulic Conductivity Behaviour of Oil Contaminated Lateritic Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya ◽  
Friday Elaigwu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Conductivity Behaviour

Large quantities of oil contaminated soils result from pipeline vandalization, onshore and offshore oil spills every year in Nigeria. An extensive laboratory program was carried out to determine the effect of varying compactive efforts on the hydraulic conductivity behaviour of oil contamination lateritic soils. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out on both the natural and oil contaminated soil samples at the Reduced British Standard Light (RBSL), British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energies. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the lateritic soil with maximum 6 % oil concentration by weight of dry soil. The results obtained indicated a decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the contaminated soil samples with increasing compactive efforts.

Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Tropical Clay Treated with Rice Husk Ash

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O. Eberemu ◽  
Agapitus A. Amadi ◽  
Joseph E. Edeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Waste Containment Systems

Laboratory study on compacted tropical clay treated with up to 16% rice husk ash (RHA), an agro-industrial waste; to evaluate its hydraulic properties and hence its suitability in waste containment systems was carried out. Soil-RHA mixtures were compacted using standard Proctor, West African Standard and modified Proctor efforts at-2, 0, 2 and 4% of optimum moisture content (OMC). Compacted samples were permeated and the hydraulic behaviour of the material was examined considering the effects of moulding water content, water content relative to optimum, dry density and RHA contents. Results showed decreasing hydraulic conductivity with increasing moulding water content and compactive efforts; it also varied greatly between the dry and wet side of optimum decreasing towards the wet side. Hydraulic conductivity generally decreased with increased dry density for all effort. Hydraulic conductivity increased with rice husk ash treatment at the OMC; but were within recommended values of 1 x 10-7 cm/s for up to 8% rice husk ash treatment irrespective of the compactive effort used. This shows the suitability of the material as a hydraulic barrier in waste containment systems for up to 8% rice husk ash treatment and beneficial reuse of this agro-industrial waste product.

scholarly journals Engineering behaviour of stabilized laterite and kaolin using lignin

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail ◽  
Siti Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Ismail Bakar ◽  
Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera ◽  
Adnan Zainorabidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Steady Rate

Soils at many sites do not always have enough strength to bear the structures constructed over them and some of the soil may need to be stabilized in order to improve their geotechnical properties. In this paper, routine laboratory tests were critically carried out to investigate the efficacy of lignin in improving the strength behaviour of the soils. Two different soil samples (laterite and kaolin) were studied and mixed with different proportions of lignin (2% and 5% of dry weight of soil), respectively. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) characteristics evaluated in this study were done on samples at their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (obtained from compaction tests). The UCS tests on all the specimens were carried out after 0, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days of controlled curing. The research results showed that the addition of lignin into kaolin reduced its maximum dry density while giving progressively higher optimum moisture content. Contrarily, with the laterite soil, both maximum dry density and optimum moisture content simultaneously increased when lignin was added into the soils. The UCS results showed that the the stabilized laterite with 2% lignin continued to gain strength significantly at a fairly steady rate after 7 days. Unfortunately, lignin did not show a significant effect in kaolin.

scholarly journals Influence of admixture of Bamboo leaf ash and lime on the Compaction characteristics of lateritic soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Bamboo Leaf Ash ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Maximum

This study investigated the impact of compactive efforts on A-7-5 lateritic soil stabilized with Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) mixed with lime. Preliminary tests were conducted on the soil sample for identification and classification. Compaction tests (using British Standard Light (BSL), British Standard Heavy (BSH) and West Africa Standard (WAS) compactive efforts) were performed on the sample in both natural and stabilized states by incorporating 2, 4, 6 and 8% Bamboo Leaf Ash mixed together with 1, 2, and 3% lime by weight of soil sample. Maximum dry density (MDD) increased to 1766 kg/m3 at 3% lime and 6% BLA, 1818 kg/m3 at 3% lime and 8% BLA and 1866 kg/m3 at 3% lime and 2% BLA while the optimum moisture content decreased to 12.70% at 3% and lime 8% BLA, 11.40% at 2% lime 6% BLA and 11.12% at 3% lime and 2% BLA for BSL, WAS and BSH, respectively. Based on these findings, the addition of lime-BLA enhanced the soil and has a promising prospect for stabilization of lateritic soil.

Assessment of Gneiss-Derived Residual Soils as Materials Used in Road Pavement Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Oluwaniyi ◽  
Imoleayo Fatoyinbo ◽  
Akinola Bello ◽  
Joshua Owoseni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Natural Moisture Content ◽  
Pavement Structures

Failure of highway pavement and collapse of building in basement complex of Nigeria is often related to the instability of the residual. This study evaluated the strength characteristics of gneiss-derived residual Soils as materials usable for road pavement structures. A total of eleven soil samples derived from granite gneiss were subjected to laboratory geotechnical analyses based on standard practices. The geotechnical analyses reveal the soils’ natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain sizes, consistency limits, shearing strengths, maximum dry density, and optimum moisture content. Based on AASHTO classification, the soil samples are classified as A-7-6, A-6, and A-7-5. The results of the laboratory analyses revealed that the natural moisture content and specific gravity ranged from 8.30 to 22.70% and 2.6 to 2.8 respectively. Particle size analysis reveals that the coarse contents of the soils ranged from 28.8% to 59.8% and amount of fines ranged from 40.2 to 71.2%. The liquid limit ranged from 31.3% to 68.3%, plastic limit ranged from 20% to 28.0%, plasticity index ranged from 4.8% to 38.90% and linear shrinkage ranged from 5.7 to 13.6%. The maximum dry density ranged from 1481 kg/m3 to 1921 kg/m3 and optimum moisture content ranged from 15.2% to 27.6%. Undrained triaxial shear strength (Cu) ranged from 43.0 Kpa to 250.3Kpa, angle of friction ranges from 11.7 to 29.30, and unconfined compressive strength ranged from 153 to 356.5Kpa. The results indicate that the residual soils are poor sub-grade and foundation materials due to their high amount of fines, linear shrinkage values, plasticity, and swelling potential, as well as low maximum dry density.

Toxicity Assessment of some Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in the Niger Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Aisien ◽  
J.C. Chiadikobi ◽  
E.T. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters

This paper considered the toxicity assessment of some crude oil contaminated soils in Niger Delta areas. The soil samples were collected from different horizontal distances, vertical depths and contaminated soil of different ages. The heavy metals in the contaminated soils were digested and extracted using di-acid digested and DTPA extraction methods respectively. The physiochemical parameters (moisture content, pH, N, P and heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cd) were analysed with APHA method. The heavy metals concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the metals concentration decreased with the age of the contaminated soil and with increased vertical depths. However, the metals concentrations were almost constant at different horizontal distances. Similar trend was observed for the moisture content, pH, N, P and K.

Influence of Fly Ash on Clay Liner

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2543-2546
Author(s):  
Xue Jing Sun ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhao ◽  
Zhi Wei Sang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Cracking Performance ◽  
Desiccation Cracking ◽  
Different Content

Compacted clay is commonly used as an essential material for reducing the permeability in landfill sites. However, compacted clay has defect with shrinkage and desiccation cracking during cyclic drying and wetting, which may increase hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay. It’s necessary to modify clay, and make it have anti-cracking performance. The main objective of the study is to determine the content of fly ash on clay. Laboratory tests were done to determine optimum moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, volume shrinkage on different content fly ash modified clay. It was determined that a certain proportion of fly ash can improve the permeability of clay, and reduce the cracking clay.

scholarly journals Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Hydraulic Conductivity and Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Bentonite Enhanced Waste Foundry Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
J. Ochepo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Compacted Bentonite ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

A laboratory study of the hydraulic conductivity, (HC), and unconfined compressive strength, (UCS), of compacted bentonite enhanced waste foundry sand (BEWFS) treated with rice husk ash, (RHA) for possible use as liner material is presented. The bentonite enhanced waste foundry sand, BEWFS, was obtained by blending waste foundry sand (WFS) with 12% bentonite by weight of the WFS and mixing the resulting blend thoroughly to obtain a homogenous mix. RHA was added to the BEWFS in increment of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% respectively of the dry weight of the BEWFS. The entire blended material was thoroughly mix together to obtain sample with different content of RHA. Index tests, compaction, UCS and HC tests were carried out on the blended materials to determine the effect of RHA on the behaviour of the BEWFS. HC as well as UCS of the materials were study using three compactive efforts of British standard light, (BSLC), West African standard, (WASC) and British standard heavy, (BSHC) compactive efforts respectively. The results obtained show that addition of RHA to BEWFS affected the index properties of the material marginally where the liquid limit increased to 35 from 32 %, plastic limit reduced from 12 to 11% and plasticity index increased from 20 to 25% respectively. The HC of the material was found to increase slightly from 6.28 x 10-08 to 3.90 x 10-08, 2.64 x 10-09 to 2.07 x 10-08 and 8.55 x 10-11 to 1.83 x 10-10 m/s with addition of up to 10 % RHA content and compacted at BSLC, WASC and BSHC respectively. Similarly, the UCS was found to increase to peak values of 177.22, 288.48 and 454.26 kN/m2 at same RHA content and compactive efforts. The implication of this result is that the addition of RHA up to 10% to BEWFS slightly increase the HC but does not compromise it while the strength gain in term of UCS can be said to compensate for the slight lost in HC. It is recommended that BEWFS treated with between 8 to 10% RHA content and compacted at BSHC compactive effort can be applied as liner in engineered waste containment system.

Research on the Impact of Moisture Content on the CBR Value of Shanxi Loess

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Xi Rong Wu ◽  
Jun Ming Shen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Sample Category ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Typical Soil

Several typical soil samples in Shanxi Province were selected. Laboratory experiments were adopted to study the CBR of the three kinds of soil samples with different compaction and different water content. Orthogonal experiment was used to analyze the impact of factors including water content, compaction and soil sample category on the CBR value. The result shows that the moisture content has great impact on CBR value and the CBR value is maximize under optimum moisture content and maximum degree of compaction condition, while the not flooded CBR is decrease with the increasing of water content.

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