An Investigation on Continuous Steel Slabs Casting Line and Mechanical Design of a 3R Robot for Sampling from Melting Arc Furnaces

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Process Creation ◽  
Steel Slabs

Automation of industrial activities is one of the most essential needs in recent years since the operator has smaller role in the process. Creation of the various robotic systems in the different industries causes relaxing the operators from working in hard positions, increases the accuracy, efficiency and velocity in the process and decreases the wastage and price of product. In this paper, the study on melting station and continuous casting line in Mobarakeh Steel Complex is provided. The needs for elimination of difficulties and increasing the automation level of steel slabs casting line with checking the all stations from robotic and automation point of view for stations with the capability of automation system necessitates a suitable robotic system. In this case, selected robot should be able to support the velocity, accuracy, load capacity and other characteristics. Considering the sensitive conditions around the electric arc furnace (E.A.F), a suitable sampling robot with 3-degree freedom in which all three joints moves in revolute form (RRR) has been designed.

Influence of the geometry arc furnace steel taphole on production parameters of the casting and rolling complex of JSC VMZ

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
V. N. Lavrov ◽  
◽  
S. A. Botnikov ◽  
A. V. Kosonogov ◽  
S. A. Somov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc Furnaces ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Casting And Rolling Complex ◽  
Liquid Residue ◽  
Furnace Steel ◽  
Furnace Slag

Currently the majority of modern electric arc furnaces (EAF) are equipped with bottom eccentric taphole system. This design allows to tap metal from EAF to ladle with the minimum amount of furnace slag, leaving a part of the liquid metal in EAF for subsequent heats (“liquid start”), if this residue is sufficient. In this case, taphole has several disadvantages: - it is not completely excluded that the oxidized furnace slag enters the ladle, especially with a low level of liquid residue in the EAF, the mass of captured slag in the ladle increases; - tapping time is unstable during taphole system campaign and depends on the wear of its constituent refractories; - periodically required to replace taphole refractories, thus it’s necessary to stop EAF. Under the conditions of the casting and rolling complex JSC “Vyksa Steel Works” work has carried out to change shape EAF’s taphole system, which made it possible to reduce the effect of these disadvantages on the efficiency of the EAF.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Porosity of Pellets of Iron Oxide and Coal Powders by Serial Sectioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Rocha ◽  
José Adilson de Castro ◽  
Gláucio Soares Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Reduction Stage ◽  
Imaging Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

The self-reducing agglomerates produced from powders generated within the electric arc furnace and LD converters is of special interest in process of recycling due to the amount of iron and other metals of high economical value. However, the reducibility and inner pore structures play important role on the processing technology of these materials. Aiming at investigating the influence of the agglomerate structure, some two-dimensional metallographic techniques have been used to evaluate the porosity in clusters with inaccurate results, essentially due its three-dimensional features. From the processing technological point of view, the shape and distribution of inner porosity of the powders agglomerates are of fundamental importance due to their effects on the reaction rates involving the present phases taking place into the reduction stage. In this study a 3D serial sectioning imaging reconstruction is proposed to determine local inner porosities and detailed measurements of parameters of pores connections and tortuosities. The averaged porosities results are discussed and compared with traditional measurements based on pycnometry method.

Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emission from EAF steel making proces

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sofilic ◽  
J. Jendričko ◽  
Z. Kovačevic ◽  
M. Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Dust ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dust Treatment

Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel manufacturing is an important recycling activity which contributes to the recovery of steel resources and steel scrap/waste minimization. Because of the content of plastics, coatings and paintings as well as other nonferrous materials in the charge during melting, a strong emission of pollutants, including polluting substance group consists of persistent organic pollutions (POPs) represented by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) occurs. This study was set out to investigate emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from the stack of a new electric-arc furnace-dust treatment plant installed during modernisation of the Melt Shop in CMC SISAK d.o.o., Croatia. Obtained results have been compared with previously obtained results of PCDDs/Fs emission measurements from the old electric-arc furnace dust treatment without dust drop-out box, as well as quenching tower. The total PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases of both electric arc furnaces EAF A and EAF B were 0.2098 and 0.022603 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 respectively, and these results are close to previous obtained results by other authors. The calculated values of the emission factors for PCDDs/Fs calculated on the basis of measured PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases in 2008 and 2011 were 1.09 and 0.22 ng I-TEQ/ ton steel, respectively.

scholarly journals Process Improvements for Direct Reduced Iron Melting in the Electric Arc Furnace with Emphasis on Slag Operation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Marcus Kirschen ◽  
Thomas Hay ◽  
Thomas Echterhof
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Arc Furnaces

Steelmaking based on direct reduced iron (DRI, and its compacted derivative hot briquetted iron, HBI) is an anticipated important global alternative to current steel production based on FeOx reduction in blast furnaces due to its lower specific CO2 emission. The majority of DRI is melted and refined in the electric arc furnace with different process conditions compared to the melting of steel scrap due to its raw material composition being rather different. We provide data and analysis of slag composition of DRI charges vs. steel scrap charges for 16 industrial electric arc furnaces (EAFs). Suggestions for optimized slag operation and resulting process improvements of DRI melting in the EAF are given. A dynamic mass and energy model of the DRI melting in the EAF is introduced to illustrate the implications of the adapted slag operation on the EAF process with DRI charges.

scholarly journals Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Alan Piemonti ◽  
Antonio Conforti ◽  
Luca Cominoli ◽  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Antonella Luciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Different Types

In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also increased considerably. In relation to the principles of sustainability and circular economy, the available literature suggests several possible reuses for these slags (bituminous conglomerates, hydraulic engineering, metallurgy, fertilizers, etc.). This paper aims to provide an overview of the iron and steel slags production and their reuse in concrete (for example as replacement of cement, fine or coarse aggregates). The characteristics of slags are analyzed in terms of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Mechanical and durability tests (both from material and structures point of view) carried out in the different studies and research are shown as well. Particular attention was devoted to electric arc furnace slags (EAF) since they are the most produced in Italy. Based on this deep literature review, the gaps that still require further studies have been identified and discussed.

Energy Saving by Applying 3000kVA Electric Arc Furnace in Fused Magnesia Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Guo Chao Qi ◽  
Feng Jun Shan ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jing Yuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Unit Consumption ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Saving Effect

Fused magnesia is an essential basic material for metal making and construction industries. Fused magnesia is usually produced with mineral arc furnace. In China, 1600 kVA arc furnaces are widely used as fused magnesia production facility. The unit power consumption for magnesia production is about 3000 kWh/t, higher than that in developed countries. In this research, a 3000 kVA new arc furnace was used to produce fused magnesia, and the unit consumption decreased to 2560kWh/t. The experimental results showed that the new furnace has good energy saving effect and market prospects.

scholarly journals The Influence of Electric-Arc-Furnace Input Feeds on its Electrical Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Logar ◽  
Igor Škrjanc
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

AbstractOperation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap time, steel yield, and others. In this paper, a more detailed analysis of the electric arc furnace data is performed, investigating its EEC. It is well known that the EEC is affected by the weight and the type of charged scrap, the operational delays, and the tapping temperature. On the other hand, one can also deduce that the feeds, such as the carbon and the oxygen, could also affect the EEC, due to their role in redox equations and impact to the bath energy balance. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio during the electric arc furnace operation and the consequent influence of the oxygen availability on the EEC. Statistical analysis of more than 2500 heats of data, which were clustered according to the produced steel grade and the charged scrap mixture, has revealed that besides the beforementioned factors, fluctuations in EEC could appear also due to different amounts of added carbon and oxygen. Since the furnace operators usually rely on predefined guidelines and their own experience when actuating the furnace, a simplistic statistical approach can be used to reveal some of the weaknesses in the control routines, which can be used as a starting point to improve their actuation, leading to decreased energy consumption. Graphical Abstract

Improving the efficiency of electric arc furnaces through improved control algorithms for electrical modes

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
A. A. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
G. P. Kornilov ◽  
P. G. Tulupov ◽  
G. V. Nikiforov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc Furnaces ◽  
Arc Furnaces

The aim of this study is to increase the efficiency of electric arc furnace through the use of advanced control algorithms for electrical modes. It was established that despite the common structure of the electric control system, as well as the approach to diagnosing the stage of the technological process, the criteria for switching from one combination of the furnace transformer tap and operating curve to another for electric arc furnaces and ladle furnaces are different. So, for EAF it is advisable to use a system in which a separate analysis of the signals of the relative effective value of the total even and odd harmonics of electric arc current (voltage) should be applied. It’s important to note that at the initial stage of melting it’s preferable to use even harmonics, and at the final stage of melting - odd harmonics. In it’s turn, during melting in LF, the argon blow mode and the slag mode have a significant role. Intensive blowing modes lead to the appearance of a metal mirror with the occurrence of bursts that occure short-circuit of the electric arc and lead to not optimal electric mode. According to the results of the analysis, a number of recommendations have been formulated that can have practical application in modernizing of modern control systems, aimed at optimizing production energy costs and reducing the unit cost of the final product of the metallurgical cycle. Moreover, the experience of implementing the described ides shows (for shaft-type electric arc furnace with capacity 125 ton, 85 MVA and ladle furnace 25 MVA) that the economic effect is 2.5% in terms of saving electric energy and 2% in terms of saving the consumption of electrodes. It’s a significant indicator taking into account the high energy intensity of modern electric steelmaking shops. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. FZRU-2020-0011).

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