General Information Models of Intelligent Building Control Systems: Basic Concepts, Determination and the Reasoning

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2973-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Building Control ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Stability

In the paper the problem of the general information simulation of the building control intelligent systems from the point of view of abstract cybernetics is examined. There are represented some resonings about the state and the prospects for practice and scientific studies in the field of constructing Building Intelligence. There are examined the questions and the resonings, connected with the determination of the key concepts of the construction Building Intelligence: control of object (building), the stability of object (building), the homeostat of object (building).

General Information Models of Intelligent Building Control Systems: Scientific Problem and Hypothesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2969-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
General Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Building Control ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Stability

In the paper the problem of the general information simulation of the building control intelligent systems from the point of view of abstract cybernetics is examined. There are represented some resonings about the state and the prospects for practice and scientific studies in the field of constructing Building Intelligence. There are examined the questions and the resonings, connected with the determination of the key concepts of the construction Building Intelligence: control of object (building), the stability of object (building), the homeostat of object (building).

USING MALIC ACID SOLUTIONS FOR THE HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND LECITHIN PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Н. БОКОВИКОВА ◽  
Е.В. ЛИСОВАЯ ◽  
С.А. ИЛЬИНОВА ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Исследована возможность применения яблочной кислоты (ЯК) в качестве гидратирующего агента для перевода негидратируемых форм фосфолипидов в гидратируемые. Выбор ЯК обусловлен ее стоимостью, которая в 1,5 раза меньше стоимости янтарной кислоты, широко применяемой в качестве гидратирующего агента, а также большей доступностью с точки зрения промышленного производства. Исследование процесса комплексообразования и определение состава комплексных соединений ЯК с ионами кальция и магния осуществляли методом потенциометрического титрования. Установлено, что внесение в раствор ЯК ионов кальция и магния приводит к снижению значений рН, что свидетельствует о наличии комплексообразования в указанных системах. Наиболее устойчивыми являются комплексы ионов кальция и магния с непротонированным лигандом при соотношении Ме2 : лиганд 1 : 1. В процессе комплексообразования ионы Ca2 и Mg2 вытесняют протоны только карбоксильных групп ЯК, которая с ионами кальция образует более устойчивые комплексы, чем с ионами магния. Показано, что устойчивость комплексов ЯК с ионами кальция и магния значительно выше, чем устойчивость комплексов фосфатидилсеринов и фосфатидных кислот с указанными ионами. Использование водных растворов ЯК в качестве гидратирующего агента позволит повысить эффективность процесса гидратации и увеличить выход фосфолипидов и, следовательно, готового продукта лецитина. The possibility of using malic acid (MA) as a hydrating agent for converting non-hydrated forms of phospholipids into hydrated ones has been investigated. The choice of MA is due to its cost, which is 1,5 times less than the cost of succinic acid, as well as greater availability from the point of view of industrial production. The study of the complexation process and determination of the composition of complex compounds of MA with calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration. It was found that the introduction of calcium and magnesium ions into the MA solution leads to a decrease in pH values, which indicates the presence of complexation in these systems. Complexes of calcium and magnesium ions with an unprotected ligand at a ratio of ME2 : ligand 1 : 1 are the most stable. In the process of complexing, Ca2 and Mg2 ions displace protons only of the carboxyl groups of MA, which forms more stable complexes with calcium ions than with magnesium ions. It is shown that the stability of MA complexes with calcium and magnesium ions is significantly higher than the stability of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complexes with these ions. Using water solutions of MA as a hydrating agent will increase the efficiency of the hydration process and increase the yield of phospholipids and, consequently, the finished product lecithin.

scholarly journals Proposal for the Evaluation of the Stability Level of Periodic Timetable in Terms of Operation and Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Lukáš Čechovič ◽  
Adrián Šperka ◽  
Jozef Gašparík
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Transport Path ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The introduction of tact timetable in rail passenger transport is currently a new evolving trend that increases the efficiency of rail transport. This article seeks to contribute in this area of the issue and thus to raise and improve this system of organizing transport in railway transport. The aim is to propose a methodology that assesses the level of stability of tact timetable based on operational and infrastructural factors. The methodology identifies operational-infrastructural factors that affect the stability and reliability of tact timetable. Using scientific methods, it presents the method of their quantification and determination of the weights of these factors, which evaluate the line sections and transport points of the examined transport path. From a practical point of view, the methodology is generally tact applicable to other European railway networks. In the final part of the work, this methodological procedure is applied in the form of model examples for various transport path.

Stability of High Polymer Latexes and Their Electrokinetic Potentials

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Voyutskiĭ ◽  
R. M. Panich
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Electrokinetic Potential ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Colloid Systems

Abstract The stability of colloid systems is a central problem of colloid chemistry. Therefore, many papers have been devoted to studies of coagulation and to the development of criteria of stability for colloid systems. For a long time a prevalent opinion was that the stability of colloidal particles could be explained by the fact that like charge on the particles prevents agglomeration of particles which collide due to Brownian motion. This opinion was first expressed by Hardy and later developed by Powis, Ellis and a number of other scientists. According to this point of view, electrokinetic potential (ζ potential) is the measure of stability. However, after detailed investigation of coagulation phenomena and accumulation of experimental data the correctness of this point of view became less obvious, and the statement that the electrokinetic potential is a criterion of stability of colloidal systems underwent vigorous criticism. The reasons for the measured values of electrokinetic potentials not always corresponding to the stability of certain systems are as follows: firstly, the exact determination of electrokinetic potential is work of great experimental difficulty which seems to some investigators insuperable. Some of these difficulties are (1) the necessity of performing the mocroelectrophoresis in a medium which has the same characteristics as the colloidal system under investigation, (2) the influence on electrophoresis of the simultaneously occurring electrolysis (3) the wash out of the boundary line between the solution and the colloidal system, and a number of others. In the case of microelectrophoresis, these difficulties are replaced by others, which are not less difficult to overcome.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Point of View on Parenteral Nutrition

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stawny ◽  
R. Olijarczyk ◽  
E. Jaroszkiewicz ◽  
A. Jelińska
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interactions ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
The Stability

Parenteral nutrition—a form of administering nutrients, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins, and water—is a widely used mode of therapy applied in many diseases, in patients of different ages both at home and in hospital. The success of nutritional therapy depends chiefly on proper determination of the patient’s energetic and electrolytic needs as well as preparation and administration of a safe nutritional mixture. As a parenterally administered drug, it is expected to be microbiologically and physicochemically stable, with all of the components compatible with each other. It is very difficult to obtain a stable nutritional mixture due to the fact that it is a complex, two-phase drug. Also, the risk of incompatibility between mixture components and packaging should be taken into consideration and possibly eliminated. Since parenteral nutrition is a part of therapy, simultaneous use of drugs may cause pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions as well as those with the pharmaceutical phase. The aim of this paper is to discuss such aspects of parenteral nutrition as mixture stability, methodology, and methods for determining the stability of nutritional mixtures and drugs added to them.

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