scholarly journals Proposal for the Evaluation of the Stability Level of Periodic Timetable in Terms of Operation and Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Lukáš Čechovič ◽  
Adrián Šperka ◽  
Jozef Gašparík
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Transport Path ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The introduction of tact timetable in rail passenger transport is currently a new evolving trend that increases the efficiency of rail transport. This article seeks to contribute in this area of the issue and thus to raise and improve this system of organizing transport in railway transport. The aim is to propose a methodology that assesses the level of stability of tact timetable based on operational and infrastructural factors. The methodology identifies operational-infrastructural factors that affect the stability and reliability of tact timetable. Using scientific methods, it presents the method of their quantification and determination of the weights of these factors, which evaluate the line sections and transport points of the examined transport path. From a practical point of view, the methodology is generally tact applicable to other European railway networks. In the final part of the work, this methodological procedure is applied in the form of model examples for various transport path.

scholarly journals The purpose of long-distance passenger trains in public passenger transport system

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Martin Vojtek ◽  
◽  
Borna Abramovic ◽  
Martin Kendra ◽  
Vladislav Zitrický
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Passenger Trains ◽  
Qualitative Factors

Current economical trends create new requirements to population mobility. People always travel for many reasons and they are very dependent on the system of passenger transport. There are several modes of transport, but passengers mostly use road and rail transport. Passenger transport system is influenced by many qualitative factors with various impacts. Long-distance passenger trains have got significant position on the transport market, what represents demand and offer in the passenger transport system. These trains connects far places therefore transport accessibility in the region or country is better and passenger railway transport is more attractive for traveling public. This article is focused on main purpose of these trains from operational and economical point of view.

USING MALIC ACID SOLUTIONS FOR THE HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND LECITHIN PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Н. БОКОВИКОВА ◽  
Е.В. ЛИСОВАЯ ◽  
С.А. ИЛЬИНОВА ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Исследована возможность применения яблочной кислоты (ЯК) в качестве гидратирующего агента для перевода негидратируемых форм фосфолипидов в гидратируемые. Выбор ЯК обусловлен ее стоимостью, которая в 1,5 раза меньше стоимости янтарной кислоты, широко применяемой в качестве гидратирующего агента, а также большей доступностью с точки зрения промышленного производства. Исследование процесса комплексообразования и определение состава комплексных соединений ЯК с ионами кальция и магния осуществляли методом потенциометрического титрования. Установлено, что внесение в раствор ЯК ионов кальция и магния приводит к снижению значений рН, что свидетельствует о наличии комплексообразования в указанных системах. Наиболее устойчивыми являются комплексы ионов кальция и магния с непротонированным лигандом при соотношении Ме2 : лиганд 1 : 1. В процессе комплексообразования ионы Ca2 и Mg2 вытесняют протоны только карбоксильных групп ЯК, которая с ионами кальция образует более устойчивые комплексы, чем с ионами магния. Показано, что устойчивость комплексов ЯК с ионами кальция и магния значительно выше, чем устойчивость комплексов фосфатидилсеринов и фосфатидных кислот с указанными ионами. Использование водных растворов ЯК в качестве гидратирующего агента позволит повысить эффективность процесса гидратации и увеличить выход фосфолипидов и, следовательно, готового продукта лецитина. The possibility of using malic acid (MA) as a hydrating agent for converting non-hydrated forms of phospholipids into hydrated ones has been investigated. The choice of MA is due to its cost, which is 1,5 times less than the cost of succinic acid, as well as greater availability from the point of view of industrial production. The study of the complexation process and determination of the composition of complex compounds of MA with calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration. It was found that the introduction of calcium and magnesium ions into the MA solution leads to a decrease in pH values, which indicates the presence of complexation in these systems. Complexes of calcium and magnesium ions with an unprotected ligand at a ratio of ME2 : ligand 1 : 1 are the most stable. In the process of complexing, Ca2 and Mg2 ions displace protons only of the carboxyl groups of MA, which forms more stable complexes with calcium ions than with magnesium ions. It is shown that the stability of MA complexes with calcium and magnesium ions is significantly higher than the stability of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complexes with these ions. Using water solutions of MA as a hydrating agent will increase the efficiency of the hydration process and increase the yield of phospholipids and, consequently, the finished product lecithin.

scholarly journals Determination of Odor Intensity of Binary Gas Mixtures Using Perceptual Models and an Electronic Nose Combined with Fuzzy Logic

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szulczyński ◽  
Gębicki
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Holistic Analysis ◽  
Analyze Data

Measurement and monitoring of air quality in terms of odor nuisance is an important problem. From a practical point of view, it would be most valuable to directly link the odor intensity with the results of analytical air monitoring. Such a solution is offered by electronic noses, which thanks to the possibility of holistic analysis of the gas sample, allow estimation of the odor intensity of the gas mixture. The biggest problem is the occurrence of odor interactions between the mixture components. For this reason, methods that can take into account the interaction between components of the mixture are used to analyze data from the e-nose. In the presented study, the fuzzy logic algorithm was proposed for determination of odor intensity of binary mixtures of eight odorants: n-Hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, o-xylene, trimethylamine, triethylamine, α-pinene, and β-pinene. The proposed algorithm was compared with four theoretical perceptual models: Euclidean additivity, vectorial additivity, U model, and UPL model.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF OFF-STREET TRANSPORT AND ITS ROLE IN TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
P.G. Ataev
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Territorial Systems

The development of agglomerations is connected with the solution of issues of the allocation of territorial zones and ensuring their transport accessibility. The goal of the article is to determine the place of suburban-urban railway transport in the system of urban passenger transport from the point of view of geography. The object of the study was off-street transport of agglomerations. In the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: a classification of public transport was carried out, factors determining the possibility of using various types of transport were identified and their ranking was performed. The analysis of modern scientific literature and normative acts has revealed contradictions between the concept of “off-street” adopted in the legislation and the established tradition of applying this term to railway transport. The following factors of the efficiency of off-street transport were identified: increasing the speed of correspondence, ensuring the coherence of other modes of transport, servicing the entire territory of the agglomeration.

scholarly journals Redefining of the Rijeka Railway Junction

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Siniša Vilke ◽  
Livia Šantić ◽  
Matija Glad
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Transport System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Cargo Transport

This paper presents and analyses the redefined Rijeka railway junction. The redefined concept of the Rijeka railroad hub in the context of port and railway interdependence dictates the need to find the accommodation of cargo transport to peripheral locations such as: Krasica, Kukuljanovo, Bakar, Ivani, Bršica and capacity for the island of Krk, while passenger transport would be implemented in the urban area. The most important projects related to Rijeka rail transport system are the construction of a new line of high efficiency between Zagreb and Rijeka, and a new railroad through the tunnel of Učka which will link the ports of Rijeka, Koper and Trieste. Together with the reconstruction of cargo stations Rijeka and Brajdica, an extension of the other tracks on the railroads Škrljevo-Rijeka and Rijeka-Opatija/Matulji should be performed as well as the construction of Krasica, Ivani, Tijani and Vrgljevo stations. The construction includes a multipurpose bridge to the Island of Krk and a railway line to the new container terminal as well as the new railway bypass to “elevation 200”. KEY WORDS: Rijeka railway junction, railway transport system, railway transport, Port of Rijeka

scholarly journals THE USE OF PROGRESSIVE GRAVITATIONAL METHODS IN THE LOGISTICS OF RAIL PASSENGER TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Milan Dedík ◽  
Karol Hrudkay ◽  
Adrián Šperka
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Passenger

The main strategic goal of EU transport policy is to support public passenger transport and railway transport as a key transport mode. It is also very important to develop and improve logistic processes in passenger transport. To meet these goals it is necessary to use professional and scientific methods, for example gravitational methods. These methods can be included among progressive empirical methods and models that are used to generalize specific results and offer a general solution to the problem, from practical knowledge to theoretical formulation. These methods are utilised in the natural sciences but their using in transport processes is very important too. One of the best known empirical methods are Nyvig´s and Lill´s gravitational methods. They are especially used in transport planning and organizing, determining of the traffic potential, optimization and rationalization of timetables and traffic service. In the contribution the authors deals with using of the current and new progressive gravitational methods in the context of rail passenger transport logistics. The first chapter comprises narrow connection of the logistics and rail passenger transport including the explanation of their function in rail passenger transport. The next chapter contains an analysis the current research of raised issues. The most important scientific part conssists of theoretical concept of the gravitational methods in railway passenger transport and its various modifications. Theoretical principles of the new progressive Lill´s gravitational model form including its practical application at the chosen railway passenger transport routes are explained and analyzed in the fourth and the fifth chapter.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the Japanese Economy by the Example of the Banking Sector: Current Results, Prospects and Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-449
Author(s):  
K. S. Kostyukova
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Role Of The Government

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to examine the current state of Japan's digital transformation, with a focus on the banking sector, analyzing specifc examples, identifying obstacles that hinder the achievement of expected results.Methods: the article is based on the analysis of scientifc and analytical materials devoted to the problem of research, a set of general scientific methods is applied, including comparison, scientifc generalization, analogy, etc.Results: the article presents the main trends and current results of digitalization of Japanese banks, provides examples of projects, identifies problematic areas of the implemented policy. A hypothesis is put forward about the key role of the government in the development of new standards for the organization of work, taking into account the use of innovative technologies. For Japan, digitalization is chosen as a key tool to mitigate the current socio-economic situation. Digitalization is already being implemented in the healthcare sector, agriculture, etc. Another sector at the center of digitalization is the fnancial one. Financial technologies form new markets and products. Non-banking companies penetrate into the areas occupied by classical banks, competing and even displacing them.These processes are observed both in Japan and in other countries of the world, including Russia. Therefore, studying the Japanese experience of integrating digital technologies into the fnancial sector is important. Although Russia is among the leaders in the digitalization of the financial sector, it is difcult for fntech companies to break into the Russian market due to pressure from large classical banks, as well as the lack of trust in fntech companies from the population.Conclusions and Relevance: in contrast to the manufacturing sector, digitalization of non-manufacturing areas is slower in Japan. This is due to a shortage of qualifed personnel, fnancial risks, etc. Today, the priority for fnancial institutions remains to create the basis for the introduction of digitalization and improve management efciency. From the point of view of ensuring the stability of the fnancial system, it is expected that the Bank of Japan, together with the government, will encourage initiatives in the feld of fnancial development.

scholarly journals ADEQUACY OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING RATIONAL CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
O. KHARCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Fisher’S Criterion ◽  
Use Of Models

Purpose. Modeling today is one of the popular research methods related to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of rail transport units, because the model is a substitute for the original object that helps to study its properties. Compliance with the results obtained by model, the behavior of a real object is an important issue for modeling, so the adequacy verification is an integral part of this process. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a method for verifying the adequacy of the model of determination of rational investments in terms of sustainable development. Methodology. For models of dependence of the function of elasticity of investments in the directions of sustainable development on the characteristics of demand for services, checking for the adequacy on the basis of Fisher's criterion was carried out. For what zero hypothesis was formed on the equality of dispersion of inadequacy and dispersion of the experiment. Findings. The verification of models on adequacy has shown that the dependence of the functions of elasticity of investments in the areas of sustainable development from the parameters of demand for services adequately describes experimental results. Practical value. The performance of the adequacy of models confirmed the expediency of practical use of models in the management of railway transport depending units of the functions of elasticity of investments in the directions of sustainable development on the characteristics of demand for services of departments.

scholarly journals Role of Railway Transport in Tourism: Selected Problems and Examples in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Michniak
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transport ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Tourism Sector

AbstractTransport is a very important part of activities in the tourism sector. In addition to the transport of tourists to and within a destination, transport itself can be a tourist attraction. The aim of this paper is to analyse selected problems of railways in Slovakia (a decrease in the importance of railways for passenger transport in Slovakia in the past 20 years, discontinued passenger transport on certain railway tracks and the modernisation of other tracks, and zero-fare public rail transport services for certain categories of passengers), and to present good examples of the use of narrow-gauge railways for the purposes of tourism (the Tatra Electric Railways and the Kysuce-Orava Forest Railway).

Stability of High Polymer Latexes and Their Electrokinetic Potentials

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Voyutskiĭ ◽  
R. M. Panich
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Electrokinetic Potential ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Colloid Systems

Abstract The stability of colloid systems is a central problem of colloid chemistry. Therefore, many papers have been devoted to studies of coagulation and to the development of criteria of stability for colloid systems. For a long time a prevalent opinion was that the stability of colloidal particles could be explained by the fact that like charge on the particles prevents agglomeration of particles which collide due to Brownian motion. This opinion was first expressed by Hardy and later developed by Powis, Ellis and a number of other scientists. According to this point of view, electrokinetic potential (ζ potential) is the measure of stability. However, after detailed investigation of coagulation phenomena and accumulation of experimental data the correctness of this point of view became less obvious, and the statement that the electrokinetic potential is a criterion of stability of colloidal systems underwent vigorous criticism. The reasons for the measured values of electrokinetic potentials not always corresponding to the stability of certain systems are as follows: firstly, the exact determination of electrokinetic potential is work of great experimental difficulty which seems to some investigators insuperable. Some of these difficulties are (1) the necessity of performing the mocroelectrophoresis in a medium which has the same characteristics as the colloidal system under investigation, (2) the influence on electrophoresis of the simultaneously occurring electrolysis (3) the wash out of the boundary line between the solution and the colloidal system, and a number of others. In the case of microelectrophoresis, these difficulties are replaced by others, which are not less difficult to overcome.

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