Toward Empowering Conversational Agency in Aphasia: Understanding Mechanisms of Topic Initiation in People With and Without Aphasia

Purpose: This study examined topic initiation (TI) in conversations involving people with aphasia (PWA), matched people without aphasia (M-PWoA), and speech-language pathologists who were their conversation partners (SLP-Ps). For each speaker type, we analyzed patterns of distribution of typical mechanisms of TI and patterns of simultaneous use of multiple TI mechanisms. Lastly, we examined associations between use of simultaneous TI mechanisms and communicative success. Method: Twenty PWA and 20 M-PWoA each participated in two conversations with SLP-Ps. Conversation samples were analyzed for TI locations and mechanisms, with results tallied for each speaker type following a published typology. A measure of communicative success was applied to TI utterances. Rank-order correlations were conducted to evaluate the patterns of distribution of the TI mechanisms between speaker types and the patterns of multiple mechanism usage between speaker types. Descriptive analysis was conducted to provide additional insight to the TI behaviors of each speaker type and to evaluate the relationship between multiple TI mechanisms and communicative success. Results: All speaker types used cohesion most often to achieve TI. PWA used an abrupt method of TI (noncoherent TI) more often than other speaker types. A single mechanism of TI was used most often by all speaker types, except for SLP-Ps when they were in conversations with PWA. In this case, SLP-Ps most often used two or more layered mechanisms of TI. SLP-Ps also used a highly salient TI mechanism with greater frequency when speaking with PWA than observed between other speaker types. When PWA layered mechanisms of TI, they appeared to be more likely to achieve better communicative success. Conclusions: Specific, teachable behaviors such as favoring certain TI mechanisms and using multiple TI mechanisms may improve communicative success during TI for PWA. Furthermore, findings suggest that SLP-Ps modify their TI behaviors when speaking to PWA. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17699423

Creative E-Pedagogy in Massive Grammar E-Tutoring via the Simultaneous Use of Social Media Platforms

With the new wave of young-minded, digitally-fluent, and tech-tethered instructors comes new creative e-pathways that build up novel e-pedagogies. More than ever before, innovative e-teaching modalities are needed to navigate the intricate socially-networked abyss where students and teachers alike have chosen to function in this pandemic period. That is why frameworks, however nascent they might be, are required to steer the learning ship, on more than one social media platform, to meet specific educational ends. In this light, this chapter presents a descriptive unobtrusive study which was conducted to map out an innovative e-mode of grammar instruction of a secondary e-tutor who was able to tutor a massive number of e-tutees simultaneously on Instagram and YouTube in the first phase, adding on, subsequently, Facebook to the e-instructional process. The findings unveil a framework of how to leverage or educationalize certain features of these cloud-based outlets concurrently and reach a more optimized e-method of multi-platform tutoring.

Effect of simultaneous use of microwave and ultrasound irradiations on the sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (SAHL) depolymerization

In this study, the individual and combined effect of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) processes on the depolymerization of sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (SAHL) was investigated in a hybrid microwave–ultrasound...

ANALISIS STRUKTUR NARATIF TIGA BABAK FILM STORY OF KALE

<p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Alur cerita yang dikemas dalam sebuah tontonan film tentunya menjadi modal utama keberhasilan film tersebut dalam menarik perhatian penonton. Dari berbagai genre yang ada, tidak banyak film drama Indonesia yang menggunakan alur mundur dalam penyajian ceritanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahapan dramatik tiga babak film Story of Kale dan alur yang digunakan dalam mengemas cerita film <em>spin off</em> garapan sutradara Angga Dwimas Sasongko. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskripsi kualitatif untuk melihat secara mendalam struktur naratif dan unsur dramatis yang digunakan mulai dari tahap awal, tahap tengah dan tahap akhir. Analisis data pada objek penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis struktur naratif tiga babak menurut Syd Field. Hasil analisis penelitian ini menemukan bahwa alur mundur yang disajikan dalam film Story of Kale tidak menggunakan kaidah struktur naratif tiga babak. Penggunaan struktur tiga babak terlihat dalam urutan kronologis cerita film Story of Kale tahap awal, munculnya persoalan dan konflik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan plot <em>flashback</em> dan teknik editing yang simultan dapat mengubah keseluruhan bentuk cerita naratif.</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong><br /></em></p><p><em>This study discusses the narrative structure of the three-act film Story Of Kale by looking at the dramatic elements in the story presented. The purpose of this study was to determine the dramatic stages of the three-act film Story of Kale and the plots used in packaging the story of the spin-off film directed by Angga Dwimas Sasongko. The research method used is a qualitative description to see in depth the narrative structure and dramatic elements used starting from the early, middle and final stages. Analysis of the data on the object of this research uses the three-act narrative structure analysis technique according to Syd Field. The results of the analysis of this study found that the backward plot presented in the film Story of Kale does not use the rules of the three-act narrative structure. The use of a three-act structure is seen in the chronological order of the story of the early Story of Kale film, the emergence of problems and conflicts. This study concludes that the simultaneous use of flashback plots and editing techniques can change the overall form of the narrative story.</em></p>

THE DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENT AND ACCURATE VALUES OF rHo(CaHbOd, a ≤ 16) OF ATOMIZATION OF THE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS BY THE SIMULTANEOUS USE OF THE EMPIRICALLY CORRECTED RESULTS AND UNCERTAINTIES OF SEVERAL QUANTUM MECHANICAL APPROACHES.

The empirical linear scaling dependencies between the literature (rHo(Xn,TAB)) and the calculated (rHo((Xn)i,CALC)) values of atomization of 31 reference aromatic and related compounds (T=298.15K), as well as their standard errors ((SE4)i(4)i, Stand.Dev.), are determined for the different quantum mechanical (QMi) approaches. These dependencies are compared and used for the determination of the values of rHo((Xn)i,CORRE)±3(SE4)i of atomization reactions of considered not reference aromatic compounds, as well as for the determination of their values of fHo((Xn)i,CORRE)±3(SE4)i. The values of fHo((Xn)i,CORRE)MEAN±3SEYE (≥99.4% confidence interval), determined using the intersections of the 3(SE4)i intervals, are consistent with all QMi approaches and their literature values. The M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p), M08HX/6-311++G(d,p) and wB97XD/6-311++G(d,p) approaches are recommended for the achievement of accuracy (SEYE)≤3.8 kJ/mol of the calculated values of fHo((Xn)i,CORRE)MEAN. The effects of the number of O-H groups, size and multiplicity of compounds on values of error, also studied in this work, demonstrate the limitations of using of several scaled dependencies.