Organic and Inorganic Acid Activation of Activated Carbon Fiber from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Wee Keat Cheah ◽  
Radzali Othman ◽  
Fei Yee Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Acids

Activated carbon fiber is known to posses better properties compared to granular and powdered variants, with significantly higher surface area and higher pore volume. Source of raw material and activation step are two crucial parameters for the pore development of activated carbon. Palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber contains naturally formed long open channels which offer better access of adsorbates into micropores. Chemical activation step typically involves inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. However, such residues of inorganic acids might create unfavourable conditions for certain adsorption applications, if not removed properly from synthesized activated carbon fiber. Additionally, subsequent to the acid cleaning or removal step, most inorganic acids would eventually cause problems to the environment if acid disposal is not properly managed. This paper investigates on the effect of utilization of organic acids acetic acid and citric acid, as compared to commonly used inorganic acids, on the pore characteristics of palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber derived activated carbon fiber.

scholarly journals Adsorption Property, Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Activated Carbon Fiber Prepared from Liquefied Wood by Zncl2 Activation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoke Ma ◽  
Xianxian Qin ◽  
Zhigao Liu ◽  
Yunlin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Liquefied Wood ◽  
Zncl2 Activation ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Activated carbon fiber was prepared from liquefied wood by chemical activation with ZnCl2 (Z-LWACF) at different impregnation ratios, with a particular focus on its adsorption property, kinetic and isotherm. The characterization and properties of Z-LWACFs were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), methylene blue (MB) and iodine adsorption. Two activation process methods were employed to prepare Z-LWACF and contrasted with others fibers. The results showed that the Z-LWACF obtained by one-step ZnCl2 activation present higher yields and specific surface area than others fibers. Besides, the change of MB adsorption value at different impregnation ratios was consistent with pore structure distribution above 1.5 nm pore size, indicating that larger micropores (1.5 to 2 nm) and mesopores played a major role in the MB adsorption by Z-LWACF. The kinetics of MB adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption rate was controlled by chemisorption. It was also found that MB adsroption by Z-LWACF belonged to monolayer adsorption and Z-LWACF was easy to adsorb MB.

Coal based activated carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (24) ◽  
pp. 9338-9344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Zhao ◽  
Luxiang Wang ◽  
Dianzeng Jia ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Activated Carbon Nanofibers

Porous carbon nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using coal as the raw material. The activated carbon fiber mat is a promising candidate for the electrode of supercapacitors.

Activated Carbon Fiber Derived from Pyrolysis of Palm Fiber

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lee ◽  
Akihiko Matsumoto ◽  
Radzali Othman ◽  
Fei Yee Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is an abundant by-product resulted from massive palm oil production in Malaysia as one of the world's largest exporter and second largest producer of palm oil. This agricultural waste is usually disposed in nature, burnt in opened atmospheres, or used as a fuel for boilers. Such conventional handlings of EFB have created environmental concerns to Malaysia such as air pollution and release of green house gases (CH4 and CO2). This study made use of such biomass in the production of cost effective nanoporous material, namely activated carbon fiber (ACF) which able to diminish the problem of waste disposal, and at the same time to turn waste into wealth. This is especially beneficial when the ACF is used for environmental friendly application such as adsorbed natural gas (ANG) technology. ACF was formed from carbonaceous materials via process of carbonisation and activation. Both chemical and physical activations were carried out by using H2SO4 and CO2, respectively. In pyrolysis, carbonisation was conducted at temperatures i.e. 400, 600, 800 and 1000 °C in nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. Surface morphologies, microstructures, pore structures and surface chemistry of these samples were investigated for the characterisation of EFB fiber-derived ACF. Above 80% of the total pore volumes for the samples were contributed by the micropore as the major pore components in the ACF produced. The samples exhibited an high BET surface area , dominant micropore volume up and narrow pore size distribution in micro range (< 1.5 nm).

The Properties of Activated Carbon Fiber Derived from Direct Activation from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Heong Ooi ◽  
Chun Li Ang ◽  
Fei Yee Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Direct Activation

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is an abundant agricultural waste available in Malaysia. More than two million tonnes (dry weight) of extracted oil palm fiber are estimated to be generated annually. Usually the EFB is used as boiler fuel to produce steam in the palm oil mills. EFB fiber can be used to prepare activated carbon fiber (ACF) by carbonization and activation. Conversion of EFB fiber to ACF will reduce the amount of agricultural waste produced annually and it represents a potential source of adsorbents used for adsorption. The ACF has many advantages as compared to the conventional activated carbon found in powder or granular form. These advantages include large surface area, high adsorption capacity and high rates of adsorption from the gas or liquid phase. In this study, ACF produced from EFB fiber by single step direct activation process (ACF-D) was compared against ACF produced by conventional 2-step carbonization and activation (ACF-ND). The different properties between ACFs produced were investigated. The raw EFB and ACFs were characterized by a SEM and EDS, FTIR and XRD. The results show that EFB has carbon content of 63.33 weight percentage (wt %) with oxygen content of 36.67 wt %. ACF-D was found to have a high carbon content of 93.63 wt%, with low oxygen content (5.19 wt %). ACF-ND gave a higher carbon content up to 95.68 wt% and accompanied by a lower oxygen content (3.85 wt %).

Modification of activated carbon fiber pore structure by coke deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-279-Pr3-286
Author(s):  
X. Dabou ◽  
P. Samaras ◽  
G. P. Sakellaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Coke Deposition
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