Transesterification of Natural Lecithin Catalyzed by Isopropylamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
Hong Ya Li ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Xiao Li Zhang ◽  
Bin Xia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Effective Catalyst ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Content

The isopropylamine with low boiling point was used for preparing GPC from natural lecithin under mild conditions, it was confirmed as an effective catalyst and the recovery can be combined with the recovery of methanol by distillation. The mechanism of the transesterification reaction was proposed and the experiments obtained the better effect under the conditions of: catalyst content was 2.4% of the total reaction volume, lecithin concentration was 0.05-0.10mol L1 , reaction temperature was 60 °C and reaction time was 260 min.

L-α-Glycerophosphocholine from Natural Lecithin via Transesterification Catalyzed by Propylamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Hong Ya Li ◽  
Tian Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Content

The propylamine with low boiling point was confirmed as effective catayst for preparing GPC from natural lecithin via transesterification. The catalyst can be separated combined with the recovery of methanol by distillation. Under the conditions of: the catalyst content was 2.4% of the total reaction volume, lecithin concentration was 0.05-0.10mol L–1 , reaction temperature was 60 °C and reaction time was 4 h, the conversion of phosphatidylcholine could reach over 98%.

Study on the Transesterification of Phosphatidylcholine over Diethylamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Biao Yan ◽  
Tian Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Content

The catalyst diethylamine with low boiling point can be separated combined with the recovery of ethanol by distillation in the transesterification of phosphatidylcholine, and it was an effective catayst for preparing GPC from natural lecithin via transesterification. Under the conditions of: the catalyst content was 3.6% of the total reaction volume, lecithin concentration was 100 mmol/L , reaction temperature was 60 °C and reaction time was 260 min, the phosphatidylcholine was reacted completely and the yield of GPC can reach about 80%

scholarly journals Effective synthesis of n-butyl salicylate over wash coated cordierite honeycomb by zirconia and its mixed oxides: a kinetic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
M Shyamsundar ◽  
SZM Shamshuddin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Butyl Ether

Cordierite honeycombs were coated with solid acid catalysts such as ZrO2 (Z), Mo(VI)/ZrO2 (MZ) and Pt-SO4 2-/ZrO2 (PSZ) were prepared and characterized for their physico-chemical properties. These catalytic materials were characterized for their total surface acidity, crystallinity, functionality, elemental analysis and morphology by using techniques such as NH3 -TPD, PXRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, SEM and TEM respectively. These honeycomb catalysts were used for the liquid phase transesterification reaction of methyl salicylate (MS) with n-butanol (n-BA). Optimization of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of catalysts and molar ratio of the reactants were carried out to obtain maximum yield of transester (n-butyl salicylate). n-butyl salicylate is obtained as major product and di-butyl ether is obtained as minor product. Highest total transester 70 % obtained by MZ and 80 % n-butyl salicylate and 10 % selectivity of di-butyl ether obtained in the presence of 0.4 g of honeycomb coated catalysts at a molar ratio of MS: n-BA 2:1, reaction temperature 403 K and reaction time 4 h. The energy of activation (16.81 and 14.92 kJ mol-1) and temperature coefficient (1.36 and 1.12) values of the MZ and PSZ were obtained from the kinetic studies. Pre-adsorption studies showed that the transesterification reaction methyl salicylate with n-butyl alcohol over honeycomb catalysts follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. A reaction mechanism for transesterification is proposed based on the kinetic data. Reactivation and reusability studies of the honeycomb coated as well as powder form of catalysts up to 6 reaction cycles were also studied.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(1), 63-76, 2018

scholarly journals A 18F-labeled dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) derivative for copper-free click labeling of biomolecules

MedChemComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kettenbach ◽  
T. L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Total Reaction Time

The new prosthetic group 18F-TEG-DBCO (dibenzocyclooctyne) can be prepared within a total reaction time of 60 min including purification with an overall yield (n.d.c.) of 34 ± 5%. Copper-free click cycloadditions with various biomolecule-azides resulted in very high RCYs under mild conditions.

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM PALM OIL USING COCKLE SHELL WASTE AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Sulaiha Sulaiman ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
Nurul Saadiah Lani
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Cockle Shell

In this study, production of biodiesel from palm oil using cockle shell wastes as catalyst was carried out using transesterification reaction. The objectives of this study are to analyze and characterize calcium oxide (CaO) from cockle shell wastes and to determine the catalytic activity of derived shell catalyst towards the percentage yield of biodiesel produced. The effect of methanol to oil ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The types of esters content in biodiesel and the functional group presence in catalyst were determined using FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the optimum condition for cockle shell wastes achieved maximum yield of biodiesel (78.05%) is at reaction temperature 50°C within 1 hour with 9:1 methanol to oil ratio. Meanwhile for commercial CaO, the maximum yield is 73.95% at 60°C within 3 hours for 3:1 methanol to oil ratio. From the result obtained, this indicated that cockle shell wastes have potential to substitute commercial CaO as catalyst in transesterification reaction. 

scholarly journals Preparation of Biodiesel through Transesterification of Animal Oil and AlcoholUnder the Catalysis of SO42-/ TiO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Pang ◽  
Ting-Ting You
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Effective Catalyst

Biodiesel was obtained through transesterification of animal oil and ethanol under the catalysis of SO42-/ TiO2We have inspected the activation of SO42-/ TiO2prepared under different dipping vitriol concentration，baking activation temperature. The optimum conditions to prepare SO42-/ TiO2are; dipping vitriol concentration of TiCl4 hydrolysis product is 1.5 mol / L, baking activation temperature for this catalyst takes 500°C. It can guarantee the catalyst has a smaller size and a higher load of vitriol. With animal oil as raw materials, ethanol as transesterifying agent and SO42-/ TiO2as catalyst, the influence of reaction time, mass ratio of ethanol to oil and the dosage of catalyst were investigated. Optimum condition to obtain biodiesel was studied through orthogonal experiment, and it is listed as follow: mass ratio of ethanol to oil is 1.5:1.0, dosage of catalyst is 30 g SO42-/ TiO2versusper 100 g animal oil, and reaction time is 8.0 h when reaction temperature is controlled as 80°C. The yield of biodiesel is 0.796 g/g under the above condition. SO42-/ TiO2can be used as an effective catalyst during transesterification of animal oil and ethanol, and it can be reused

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Peir-Horng Liao ◽  
Nguyen Vu Lan ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

scholarly journals Screening of factors influencing the hydrolysis reaction of chicken leg cartilage with Protamex enzyme as a catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Cuong V. Bui
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enzyme Ratio

The objective of this research was to use Protamex enzyme as a catalyst to hydrolyze chicken leg cartilage for production of amino acid hydrolysate. The proximate composition of chicken cartilage was analyzed. The results indicated that the major components in the dry matter of chicken leg cartilage were lipid (19.72 ± 0.05%) and protein (13.34 ± 0.08%). The main parameters affecting the hydrolysis reaction of chicken leg cartilage with Protamex enzyme were selected for investigation: reaction temperature (oC), pH, enzyme ratio (%, based on the weight of substrate), reaction time (min), and the ratio of reaction volume (v/v). The significant difference was analyzed by ANOVA One-Way to identify the optimal point of each parameter toward amino acid yield. The results revealed that the hydrolysis degree and amino acid yield reached the maximal values of 22.93 ± 4.01% and 30.25 ± 1.86%, respectively, when the reaction temperature, pH, enzyme ratio, reaction time, and ratio of reaction volume (v/v) were 40oC, 4, 0.52%, 40 min, and 1/18, respectively.

Enantioselective Friedel - Crafts Reactions of Aromatic Amines with Ethyl Glyoxylate in Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay V. Malhotra ◽  
Ying Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Chiral Catalysts ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
High Yields

The Friedel–Crafts reactions of aromatic amines with ethyl glyoxylate in pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) are investigated using 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINOL) metal complexes as chiral catalysts. Reaction parameters such as the catalyst–IL compositions, reactant compositions, reaction time, and reaction temperature are studied. High yields and excellent enantioselectivities are achieved under the relatively mild conditions. The ILs can also be recycled and reused as opposed to traditional solvent systems.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI DEDAK PADI SECARA IN SITU DENGAN TEKNOLOGI MICROWAVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Yulia Tri Rahkadima ◽  
Qurrota A'yuni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Microwave Reactor

AbstrakProses produksi biodiesel dari dedak padi dengan memanfaatkan microwave secara in situ telah berhasil dilakukan. Pengaruh jumlah metanol dan waktu reaksi terhadap kandungan FAMEs dalam produk dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Dedak padi , metanol dan katalis basa berupa NaOH 0.6 w% dimasukkan ke dalam labu alas datar dilengkapi dengan kondensor dan dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor microwave yang telah dimodifikasi.  Produk reaksi yang berupa campuran FAMEs, gliserol, reaktan yang tidak bereaksi dan komponen lainnya kemudian dicuci menggunakan n- heksana dan dilanjut dilakukan proses distilasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan reaktor microwave, kandungan FAMEs lebih tinggi diperoleh dengan waktu reaksi yang lebih singkat. Gelombang mikro berhasil mempercepat terjadinya reaksi transesterifikasi. Kandungan FAMEs tertinggi yaitu 6.2036 % diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 10 menit, metanol 60 ml dan suhu reaksi 60oC.  Kata kunci : Biodiesel, In situ, Microwave, Dedak padi AbstractThe process of biodiesel production from rice bran using in situ microwaves has been successfully carried out. The effect of the amount of methanol and reaction time on the FAMEs content in the product was studied in this study. Rice bran, methanol and alkaline catalyst in the form of 0.6 w% NaOH are put into a flat bottom flask equipped with a condenser and put into a modified microwave reactor. The reaction product in the form of a mixture of FAMEs, glycerol, unreacted reactants and other components is then washed using n-hexane and contuining with the distillation process. The results showed that by using a microwave reactor, a higher FAMEs content was obtained with a shorter reaction time. Microwaves successfully accelerate the transesterification reaction. The highest FAMEs content of 6.2036% was obtained at a reaction time of 10 minutes, methanol 60 ml and reaction temperature 60oC.Keywords: Biodiesel, In situ, Microwave, Rice bran

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