Bio-Oil Derived from Palm Kernel Shell in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Particle Size

2014 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Ali Norizan ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
N. Omar Wissam ◽  
Toshio Tsutsui
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Unit ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of 0.15-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm palm kernel shell (PKS) has been investigated in a fluidized bed reactor under the nitrogen gas flow rate of 25 L(NTP)/min, with reactor temperature of 450°C. The pyrolysis unit has six successive condensers. Thus, six fractions of bio-oil samples were acquired from the six condensers. The calorific value, water content, ash content, and element content of each bio-oil samples were determined. The bio-oil yield from palm kernel shell with the size of 0.15-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm were 20 % and 26 %, respectively. The highest calorific value among the six bio-oil samples was 25.1 MJ/kg which was drawn from the forth condenser from pyrolysis of 0.15-0.5 mm of palm kernel shell. The incondensable gas was a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and ethane.

Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Kernel Shell in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: The Effect of Biomass Size on the Yields of Pyrolysis Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 608-611
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Ali Norizan ◽  
Hafizah Ahmad Afif ◽  
Norridah Osman ◽  
Wissam N. Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Benzene Toluene

This study investigates the effect of biomass size on the yields of char, liquid (organic compounds and water) and gas for fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS). Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor of 108 mm in internal diameter operated at 450 °C using three different sizes of palm kernel shell (0.325, 0.75 and 1.5 mm). In specific the effect of biomass size on the yields of known and unknown organics in bio-oil was mainly investigated. The major organics include acetic acid, phenol and furfural. The minor ones include 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2-methylnaphthalene, benzene, toluene and tetrahydrofurane (THF). Smaller biomass sizes were favorable for higher bio-oil yields.

Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Kernel Shell in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Yields of Pyrolysis Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Ali Norizan ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Hafizah Ahmad Afif ◽  
Noridah Osman ◽  
Wissam N. Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Benzene Toluene

This study investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the yields of char, organic compounds, water and gas. Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor of 108 mm in internal diameter operated at 400, 450, 500 and 550 °C with nitrogen gas with flow rate of 25 L(NTP)/min. In specific the effect of temperature on the yields of known and unknown organics in bio-oil is discussed. For higher total organics, 500 oC was favorable. But higher phenol and acetic acid yields, 450 oC was preferable. The major organics include acetic acid, phenol and furfural. The minor ones include 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-methylnaphthalene, benzene, toluene and THF.

Comparative Study for Catalytic Cracking of Model Bio-Oil and Palm Kernel Shell Derived Bio-Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2476-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrukh Jamil ◽  
Murni Melati Ahmad ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil

This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil from PKS. The process is carried out in the presence of HZSM-5 at temperature of 500oC, 3bar pressure and oil/catalyst ratio of 15. It is observed that the properties such as pH, density, calorific value and elemental value of products are improved. The calorific value for upgraded bio-oil is 31.65 MJ/kg while for model bio-oil the value is 30.32 MJ/kg at same operating conditions. The degree of deoxygenation of the upgraded bio-oil and upgraded model bio-oil is 43.74% and 45.56% respectively. The study showed that the model bio-oil can be used to represent the bio-oil.

scholarly journals Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rafeah Wahi ◽  
Zainab Ngaini ◽  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
Syamila Aimi Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Microwave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical properties. In this study, attempt was made to improve the pH and calorific value of bio-oil produced from PKS via esterification process. The effect of esterification with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst on selected biodiesel qualities was also investigated. The esterification process has successfully improved the pH value from 3.37 to 5.09–5.12 and the calorific value was increased from 27.19 to 34.78–41.52 MJ/kg. Conclusively, the EO has comparatively better properties in terms of its smell, pH, calorific value, and absence of environmentally undesirable compounds. However, future works should include ASTM 6751 specifications tests for biodiesel to evaluate the bio-oil’s suitability for commercial use.

Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Palm Kernel Shell by Applying Air Gasification in Fluidized Bed Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1185-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Moghadam Esfahani ◽  
Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani ◽  
Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh ◽  
Salmiaton Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Study of a Method to Effectively Remove Char Byproduct Generated from Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Jong Hyeon Ha ◽  
In-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Tube Reactor ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

A critical issue in the design of bubbling fluidized bed reactors for biomass fast pyrolysis is to maintain the bed at a constant level to ensure stable operation. In this work, a bubbling fluidized bed reactor was investigated to deal with this issue. The reactor consists of inner and outer tubes and enables in situ control of the fluidized-bed level in the inner-tube reactor with a mechanical method during biomass fast pyrolysis. The significant fraction of biochar produced from the fast pyrolysis in the inner-tube reactor was automatically removed through the annulus between the inner and outer tubes. The effect of pyrolysis temperature (426–528 °C) and feeding rate (0.8–1.8 kg/h) on the yield and characteristics of bio-oil, biochar, and gaseous products were examined at a 15 L/min nitrogen carrier gas flow rate for wood sawdust with a 0.5–1.0 mm particle size range as a feed. The bio-oil reached a maximum yield of 62.4 wt% on a dry basis at 440 °C, and then slowly decreased with increasing temperature. At least 79 wt% of bio-char byproduct was removed through the annulus and was found in the reactor bottom collector. The GC-MS analysis found phenolics to be more than 40% of the bio-oil products.

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