Anti-Counterfeiting Technologies for Digital Halftone Images Based on Moire Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3571-3574
Author(s):  
Jing Huan Ge ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
Meng Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Image Security ◽  
Optical Phenomenon ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Moiré Effect ◽  
Halftone Images

Moire effect is a special optical phenomenon caused by the interference of light. In the printing industry, it is also called Moire phenomenon which is caused by superposition of the multicolor printing dots for halftone images. Now it is widely used in the anti-counterfeiting areas. In this paper, we firstly introduce the basic principle of Moire effect. Then we describe several main applications of the Moire effect in the field of halftone image security. We review the main types of Moire-based anti-counterfeiting methods, compare them, and explain how they can be used for such security applications. It will provide the necessary technical information for the persons that in anti-counterfeiting area.

Watermark Embedding for Multiscale Error Diffused Halftone Images by Adopting Visual Cryptography

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfang Guo ◽  
Oscar C. Au ◽  
Ketan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Error Diffusion ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
Halftone Images

Error Diffusion has been widely adopted in the printing industry due to its good visual quality and simple implementation. However, error diffusion still possesses its own deficiencies. Thus multiscale error diffusion (MED) has been developed, and this method outperforms traditional error diffusion according to extensive research results. The majority of previous halftone image watermarking techniques cannot be directly applied to MED halftone images. Since there is no halftone visual watermarking (HVW) method for MED halftone images in existing methods, we propose the first HVW method for MED halftone images, Copyright Protecting Multiscale Error Diffusion (CoP-MED), in this paper. By adopting the visual cryptography principle, CoP-MED can effectively embed a secret pattern into two MED halftone images, where the secret pattern can be decoded clearly by simply overlaying the two stego halftone images or performing not-exclusive-or operation between them. Parameter selection is also discussed based on the experimental results. Later, in comparison tests, CoP-MED shows superior performance compared to existing works.

Application of Moire Methods to the Determination of Transient Stress and Strain Distributions

1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Riley ◽  
A. J. Durelli
Keyword(s):  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Problem ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Transient Stress ◽  
Optical Phenomenon ◽  
Moiré Effect ◽  
Fringe Patterns

When two arrays of lines are superimposed an optical phenomenon known as the moire effect is observed under certain conditions. This moire effect is used by the authors to determine the distribution of transient strains on the surface of two-dimensional bodies. The method can be used to solve completely the strain-distribution problem or it can be used in combination with photoelasticity to separate the principal stresses. The methods used in interpreting the moire fringe patterns and the techniques used to produce the patterns are described in the paper. Two applications are discussed.

Least-Squares Halftoning Algorithm Based on Image Segmentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 2082-2087
Author(s):  
Zi Fen He ◽  
Zhao Lin Zhan ◽  
Yin Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Distance Metrics ◽  
Digital Halftoning ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Printer Model ◽  
Halftone Images ◽  
Selection Of

This work presents a method based on the image content for digital halftoning using K-means clustering theory. Our algorithm applies to both a printer model and a model for the human visual system (HVS). The method strives to minimize the perceived error between the continuous original image and the halftone image. First, the gray image is partitioned into two, three and four regions using K-means image segmentation method, whose performance depends on the selection of distance metrics. Next, the statistics of average gray value of each clustering is calculated. Each clustering uses the least-squares model-based(Lsmb) algorithm to obtain halftone image. Finally, analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm produces better gray-scale halftone image quality when we increase the number of clustering with a certain range. A performance measure for halftone images is used to evaluate our algorithm. The value of MSEv, WSNR and PSNR for two partitions is almost the same as that of the Lsmb algorithm, but for three and four partitions that the proposed algorithm achieves consistently better values of MSEv, WSNR and PSNR than the Lsmb algorithm.

Halftone Image Processing Method of Security Based on Moiré Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 712-718
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Zhao ◽  
Bing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Image Processing Method ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Moiré Effect ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
Text Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lower Production

A halftone image processing method of security based on moiré effect is developed in this paper. On the theoretical basis of moiré effect and information hiding in halftone images, some images and text information are hidden in the pre-copy color images, and then the images are output by means of laser printers and traditional printing proof. The experimental results show that when the specific detecting film is in the right angle and position, the hidden graphic information can be clearly observed. This security method is of better effect, lower production costs, which can be widely used in packaging security printing.

scholarly journals Data-bearing halftone image alignment and assessment on 3D surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 196-1-196-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhao ◽  
Yujian Xu ◽  
Robert Ulichney ◽  
Matthew Gaubatz ◽  
Stephen Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Retrieval ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Image Alignment ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alignment Problem ◽  
Halftone Images

An alignment approach for data-bearing halftone images, which are a visually pleasant alternative to barcodes, is proposed in this paper. In this paper, we address the alignment problem of data-bearing halftone images on a 3D surface. Different types of surfaces have been tested , using our proposed approach, and high accuracy results have been achieved. Additionally, we also develop a data retrieval tool from an aligned image, in order to decode the data embedded in the original image. A system to assess the accuracy of alignment is introduced to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed alignment approach.

Texture-aware Error Diffusion Algorithm for Multi-level Digital Halftoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50410-1-50410-9
Author(s):  
Donghui Li ◽  
Takuma Kiyotomo ◽  
Takahiko Horiuchi ◽  
Midori Tanaka ◽  
Kaku Shigeta
Keyword(s):  
Digital Printing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Error Diffusion ◽  
Digital Halftoning ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Raster Image ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Halftone Images

Abstract Digital halftoning is a technique for converting a continuous-tone image into a quantized image to reproduce it on a digital printing device. Error diffusion (ED) is an algorithm that has proven to be effective for the halftoning process, and it has been widely applied to digital printing tasks. However, in images reproduced using conventional ED algorithms based on the signal processing theory, the texture of objects is often lost. In this study, we propose a texture-aware ED algorithm for multi-level digital halftoning. First, we generate multiple mapped images with different brightness levels through nonlinear transformation. For each mapped image, we adopt a texture-aware binary error diffusion method to obtain multiple halftone images. Finally, we generate a multi-level halftone image from the multiple halftone images. We test the algorithm on an actual printer, compare the results with those of the current raster image processor software and classical ED algorithms, and observe that our algorithm outputs better results.

Data hiding in halftone images with authentication ability using three-level noise-balanced error diffusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (19-21) ◽  
pp. 1740056
Author(s):  
Zhuoqian Liang ◽  
Xiaotian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Error Diffusion ◽  
Secret Image ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Halftone Images

A novel data hiding method in halftone images with authentication ability was proposed in this paper. A secret image and an authentication image were simultaneously encoded into two halftone images. The secret image was visually reconstructed by stacking the two halftone images together. To verify the validity of the secret, one halftone image was shifted down for several units and stacked with the other one to reveal the authentication image. Experimental results were provided, demonstrating that the proposed method is effective and outperforms existing methods.

scholarly journals Watermarking in dot-diffusion halftones using adaptive class-matrix and error diffusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jing-Ming Guo ◽  
Sankarasrinivasan Seshathiri
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Error Diffusion ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Digital Halftoning ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Processing Order ◽  
Decoding Accuracy ◽  
Superior Image Quality ◽  
Halftone Images

Digital halftoning deals with transforming a gray or color image into its binary version which is useful in printing applications. Dot diffusion is one of the prominent halftone methods which can yield superior image quality with parallel processing capabilities. In this paper, a rapid watermarking algorithm is proposed for dot-diffusion halftone images using adaptive class-matrix selection and modified error diffusion kernels. To process the image using an adaptive class matrix, the processing order of the class matrix is reversed and transposed, and for error diffusion the coefficients are replaced with different weights. For decoding, an effective strategy is proposed based on a correlation analysis and halftone statistics. The proposed strategy can successfully embed and decode the binary watermark from a single dot-diffused halftone image. From the experimental results, the proposed method is found to be effective in terms of good decoding accuracy, imperceptibility and robustness against various printed distortions.

scholarly journals An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network Model Combined with Attention Mechanism for Inverse Halftoning

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Linhao Shao ◽  
Erhu Zhang ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inverse Halftoning ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Halftone Images

Inverse halftoning acting as a special image restoration problem is an ill-posed problem. Although it has been studied in the last several decades, the existing solutions can’t restore fine details and texture accurately from halftone images. Recently, the attention mechanism has shown its powerful effects in many fields, such as image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. However, it has not yet been used in inverse halftoning. To better solve the problem of detail restoration of inverse halftoning, this paper proposes a simple yet effective deep learning model combined with the attention mechanism, which can better guide the network to remove noise dot-patterns and restore image details, and improve the network adaptation ability. The whole model is designed in an end-to-end manner, including feature extraction stage and reconstruction stage. In the feature extraction stage, halftone image features are extracted and halftone noises are removed. The reconstruction stage is employed to restore continuous-tone images by fusing the feature information extracted in the first stage and the output of the residual channel attention block. In this stage, the attention block is firstly introduced to the field of inverse halftoning, which can make the network focus on informative features and further enhance the discriminative ability of the network. In addition, a multi-stage loss function is proposed to accelerate the network optimization, which is conducive to better reconstruction of the global image. To demonstrate the generalization performance of the network for different types of halftone images, the experiment results confirm that the network can restore six different types of halftone image well. Furthermore, experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially in the restoration of details and textures.

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