Spark Plasma Synthesis/Sintering of Dense Ceramic, Intermetallic and Composite Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1411-1416
Author(s):  
Antonio Mario Locci ◽  
Roberta Licheri ◽  
Roberto Orrù ◽  
A. Cincotti ◽  
Giacomo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
One Step ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Spark Plasma Synthesis

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) represents a very attractive technique for the obtainment of dense materials including nanostructured ones. SPS basically consists in the simultaneous application of a pulsed DC current and an uniaxial mechanical load through a powder compact. Other than providing rapid Joule heating and likely enhancing mass transport through electromigration, the imposed pulsed high current is also reported to generate a plasma within the voids surrounding the powder particles, thus facilitating the removal of oxides surface layers that may hinder the sintering process. Selected results obtained through SPS in our laboratory for the preparation of a wide variety of materials, i.e. TiC-TiB2, MgB2, and NbAl3, will be presented in this work. Specifically, all the chosen examples are related to the use of the SPS technique for obtaining the desired material by simultaneously performing synthesis and consolidation stages in one-step.

scholarly journals Shaping of Nanostructured Materials or Coatings through Spark Plasma Sintering

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Estournès ◽  
Djar Oquab ◽  
Serge Selezneff ◽  
Mathieu Boidot ◽  
Daniel Monceau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Biomimetic Apatite ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
One Step ◽  
Sintering Mechanisms ◽  
Full Densification

In the field of advanced ceramics, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is known to be very efficient for superfast and full densification of ceramic nanopowders. This property is attributed to the simultaneous application of high density dc pulsed current and load, even though the sintering mechanisms involved remain unclear. In the first part of the paper, the mechanisms involved during SPS of two insulating oxide nanopowders (Al2O3 and Y2O3) are discussed while in the second part illustrations of the potential of SPS will be given for (i) Consolidation of mesoporous or unstable nanomaterials like SBA-15 or biomimetic apatite, respectively; (ii) Densification of core (BT or BST)/shell (SiO2 or Al2O3) nanoparticles with limited or controlled reaction at the interface. (iii) In-situ preparation of surface-tailored Fe–FeAl2O4–Al2O3 nanocomposites, and finally (iv) One-step preparation of multilayer materials like a complete thermal barrier system on single crystal Ni-based superalloy.

scholarly journals Simultaneous spark plasma synthesis and consolidation of WC/Co composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mario Locci ◽  
Roberto Orrù ◽  
Giacomo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Spark Plasma Synthesis

The single-step synthesis and densification of the WC–6Co cemented carbide starting from elemental powders was obtained by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The operating conditions that guarantee the complete conversion of the reactants to the desired full dense material have been identified. Specifically, under the application of 800 A and a mechanical pressure of 40 MPa for about 200 s, a product with relative density higher than 99%, hardness of 14.97 ± 0.35 GPa, and 12.5 ± 1.0 MPa m0.5 fracture toughness was obtained. A kinetic investigation of the SPS process was also performed. It revealed that an intermediate phase, i.e., W2C, is the first carbide formed during the carburization process. It was observed that the synthesis and sintering stages take place simultaneously. It was also found that as the applied pulsed current intensity was augmented, the synthesis/sintering time required decreased significantly.

Preparation of Dense Ultrafine TiAl Alloys by Spark Plasma Synthesis from Mechanically Activated Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1747-1752
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Wang ◽  
Dong Dong Zhang ◽  
Xiu Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Spark Plasma Synthesis

Powder of Ti-46at%Al alloy was synthesized through mechanical activation (MA) and then sintered and concurrently consolidated in a short sintering time of 900 s by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The XRD and SEM profiles show that the microstructures of TiAl alloys contained γ TiAl and small amount α-2 Ti3Al phase, whose amount can be controlled by the sintering temperature. The compacts retained the original fine-grained fully densified bodies by avoiding an excessively high sintering temperature. The alloys sintered at higher temperature with this process showed a coarser microstructure. So it is possible to produce dense nanostructured TiAl alloys by mechanically activated spark plasma sintering (MASPS) within a very short period of time.

scholarly journals Influence of pulsed DC current and electric field on growth of carbide ceramics during spark plasma sintering

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (1359) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki KONDO ◽  
Taku KURAMOTO ◽  
Yasuhiro KODERA ◽  
Manshi OHYANAGI ◽  
Zuhair A. MUNIR
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Carbide Ceramics ◽  
Dc Current

One-Step Synthesis and Sintering of MgB2 by Spark Plasma Sintering

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Viorel Sandu ◽  
Gheorghe Aldica ◽  
Raluca Damian ◽  
Zhi-Chao Guo ◽  
Hong-Li Suo
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
One Step

Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) Model for Prediction of Final Properties

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Paul ◽  
Anil K. Kulkarni ◽  
Jogender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Field Assisted Sintering ◽  
The Relationship

Sintering is the process of making materials from powder form by heating the powder below its melting point until the particles fuse to each other. Field assisted sintering technology (FAST), also sometimes known as spark plasma sintering (SPS), uses a pulsed and/or continuous electric current along with the simultaneous application of compressive pressure which leads to extremely high heating rates and short processing durations. A high relative density and small grain size promote superior properties such as greater hardness and electrical breakdown. Hence, selection of the proper sintering parameters is of paramount importance and a predictive model would be extremely useful in narrowing the range of experimental parameters. This will drastically reduce the number of extra attempts at obtaining certain properties in a material and save experimentation time, effort and material to name a few. Four of the most important FAST parameters: target temperature, holding time, heating rate and initial particle size, have been reviewed to assess their effect on the densification, hardening and grain growth of Alumina, Copper, Silicon Carbide, Tungsten and Tungsten Carbide through extensive literature survey. The relationship between each has been incorporated in a Microsoft Excel program which acts as a predictive tool to determine an estimate of the final properties based on the initial parameters chosen. This is done by curve fitting a polynomial onto the existing data points as closely as possible and using the polynomial to obtain final properties as a function of the initial parameters. The model was verified against an existing paper which sought to obtain the optimum sintering parameters for Copper. While the actual experimentation range was 400°C to 800°C, the program would have suggested a much narrower range from 650°C to 800°C and hence saved unnecessary additional efforts.

scholarly journals Powder Metallurgy Processing and Mechanical Properties of Controlled Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Heterogeneous Microstructures

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Benoît Fer ◽  
David Tingaud ◽  
Azziz Hocini ◽  
Yulin Hao ◽  
Eric Leroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Heterogeneous Microstructures

This paper gives some insights into the fabrication process of a heterogeneous structured β-metastable type Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy, and the associated mechanical properties optimization of this biocompatible and low elastic modulus material. The powder metallurgy processing route includes both low energy mechanical ball milling (BM) of spherical and pre-alloyed powder particles and their densification by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). It results in a heterogeneous microstructure which is composed of a homogeneous 3D network of β coarse grain regions called “core” and α/β dual phase ultra-fine grain regions called “shell.” However, it is possible to significantly modify the microstructural features of the alloy—including α phase and shell volume fractions—by playing with the main fabrication parameters. A focus on the role of the ball milling time is first presented and discussed. Then, the mechanical behavior via shear tests performed on selected microstructures is described and discussed in relation to the microstructure and the probable underlying deformation mechanism(s).

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