The Effect of Lifters, Inclination Angle and Rotational Speed on Residence Time of Rotary Kiln for Torrefaction Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Nattarat Chutwiboonkun ◽  
Sukum Kositchaimongkol ◽  
Nattawut Tharawadee
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

Torrefaction process is the innovation to improve the properties of biomass. Residence time is one of the parameters that affects the properties of torrefied biomass. The residence time of a rotary kiln is the time of biomass drop into the cylinder until getting out of the cylinder. So, the propose of this study is the effect of lifters, inclination angle and rotational speed on the residence time of a rotary kiln for the torrefaction process. Palm kernel shell was used in this research. Palm kernel was chopped and minced to reduce size. The rotary kiln (0.3 meters diameter 6 meters in length) was used in this research. The number of lifters in this research were 0, 1 and 2. The rotational speed were 1, 2 and 3 rpm. The inclination angle was 1, 3 and 5 degrees. The hopper was used for the feeding system. The time was collected from biomass drop into the cylinder until getting out of the cylinder. The results reveal that the number of lifters, rotational speed and inclination angle affects the residence time of the rotary kiln. The residence time of rotary kiln was an increase when the number of lifters increase. The residence time of the rotary kiln was decreased when the rotational speed and inclination angle increase. It can be concluded that the least residence time of rotary kiln was 86.94 minute at 0 lifters, 3 rpm and 5 degrees. The most residence time was 9.22 minute at 2 lifters, 1 rpm and 1 degree.

Rotary Kiln Slow Pyrolysis for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste: Part 2 — Introducing Product Yields in the Energy Balance

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Simone Colantoni ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Time Part ◽  
The University ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Solid Motion

A micro scale electrically heated rotary kiln for slow pyrolysis of biomass and waste was designed and built at the University of Perugia. The reactor is connected to a scrubbing section, for tar removal, and to a monitored combustion chamber to evaluate the LHV of the syngas. The system allows the evaluation of gas, tar and char yields for different pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The feeding screw conveyor and the kiln are rigidly connected; therefore a modification of the flow rate implies a modification of the inside solid motion and of residence time. Part I of the paper describes the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the working envelope of the reactor, as a function of feedstock density and humidity content, to obtain pyrolysis conditions inside the kiln. This paper describes the development and resolution of an energy balance of the reactor under pyrolysis conditions. Once the rotational speed n is fixed, the aim of the balance is to obtain the composition of the yields of the pyrolysis of wood biomass, in terms of syngas, tar and char. Results can be used to choose the correct rotational speed before doing the real pyrolysis test.

scholarly journals Studies on the Manufacture of Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon by Rotary Kiln

1982 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Masami HIROSE ◽  
Kunio KAWAWADA ◽  
Hiroyuki AOKI ◽  
Hiroshi YANAI
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TORREFACTION PROCESS ON PROPERTIES OF PALM KERNEL SHELL BY USING TORREFACTION ROTARY KILN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATTARAT CHUTWIBOONKUN ◽  
NAT THUCHAYAPONG ◽  
NATTAWUT THARAWADEE
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Rotary Kiln Slow Pyrolysis for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste — Part II: Introducing Product Yields in the Energy Balance

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Simone Colantoni ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
Time Part ◽  
The University ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

A microscale electrically heated rotary kiln for slow pyrolysis of biomass and waste was designed and built at the University of Perugia. The reactor is connected to a wet scrubbing section, for tar removal, and to a monitored combustion chamber to evaluate the lower heating value of the syngas. The system allows the evaluation of gas, tar, and char yields for different pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The feeding screw conveyor and the kiln are rigidly connected; therefore a modification of the flow rate implies a modification of the inside solid motion and of residence time. Part I of the paper describes the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the working envelope of the reactor, that is, rotational speed as a function of feedstock density and humidity content, to obtain pyrolysis conditions inside the kiln. This paper describes the development and resolution of an energy balance of the reactor under pyrolysis conditions. Once the rotational speed n is fixed, the aim of the balance is to obtain the yield of wood biomass pyrolysis products such as syngas, tar, and char. Results can be used to choose the correct rotational speed of kiln and feeding screw before doing the real pyrolysis test.

A COMPARISON STUDY OF WATER FILTERING MATERIALSMADE FROM EXTRACTED PALM FRUIT FIBREAND PALM KERNEL SHELL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2663
Author(s):  
Jamaliah Idris ◽  
Siti Fadira Osman ◽  
Eyu Gaius ◽  
Chukwuekezie Christian
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Yakubu Newman Monday ◽  
Jaafar Abdullah ◽  
Nor Azah Yusof ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.

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