Optimization of Morphology and Particle Size of Modified Sol Gel Synthesized YSZ Nanopowder Using Taguchi Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Hajizadeh Oghaz ◽  
Reza Shoja Razavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Loghman-Estark ◽  
Reza Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Significant Factors

The morphology and particle size of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanopowders synthesized by Pechini's method are very much dependent on the type of chelating agent, pH of solution, calcinations temperature, calcinations time, etc. In the present study, the influence of process parameters like the type of zirconium salt, pH of solution, calcinations temperature and time on the morphology and particle size of a YSZ nanopowder was analyzed by the Taguchi Design method and analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the experimental results and ANOVA, the pH of solution and calcinations temperature are the most significant factors influencing the morphology and particle size of YSZ nanopowder; pH of solution is the most significant factor influencing the morphology; and calcinations temperature is the most significant factor affecting the particle size. Models were developed for predicting the morphology and particle size of the YSZ nanopowder. They were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The models were tested for experimental conditions and were found to be close to predicted values. Both morphology and particle size of YSZ nanopowders were mainly dependent on the pH of solution.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Mohammed-Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Good Agreement

This study was aimed to investigate the response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effects of various experimental conditions on the removal of levofloxacin (LVX) from the aqueous solution by means of electrocoagulation (EC) technique with stainless steel electrodes. The EC process was achieved successfully with the efficiency of LVX removal of 90%. The results obtained from the regression analysis, showed that the data of experiential are better fitted to the polynomial model of second-order with the predicted correlation coefficient (pred. R2) of 0.723, adjusted correlation coefficient (Adj. R2) of 0.907 and correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.952. This shows that the predicted models and experimental values are in good agreement. The results of the kinetic study showed that the second-order kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental results and suggested that the mechanism of chemisorption controlled the LVX adsorption. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption of LVX on iron hydroxide flocs follows Sips isotherm with the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.937. Sips isotherm shows that both homogenous and heterogeneous adsorption can occur.

Fabrication of Bi-2223 Powders Using Sol-Gel Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ya Li ◽  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Cheng Li Ye ◽  
Feng Lin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Dwelling Time ◽  
Metal Nitrates ◽  
Gel Technique

The Bi-2223 powders were fabricated by the sol-gel technique. Metal nitrates were used as starting materials, and ethylenediamineteracetic acid was used as chelating agent. The solution was heated until it turns to gel. Then the organic was removed at a temperature of 240°C, and the nitrite was removed at 500°C. The powder was calcined at different temperature, varying the dwelling time. Experimental results show that the main phase of samples after heat treatment is Bi-2212 phase.

scholarly journals Application of Evolutionary Algorithms for Modelling and Optimisation of Ultrasound-Related Parameters on Synthesised SAPO-34 Catalysts: Crystallinity and Particle Size

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Azarhoosh ◽  
Rouein Halladj ◽  
Sima Askari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Fitness Functions ◽  
Minimum Particle Size ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Ultrasound Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

First, the effects of ultrasound-related variables on the crystallinity and particle size of synthesised SAPO-34 catalysts were modelled using a genetic programming (GP) method. The results confirm that GP has good predictive power. Secondly, optimisation of the ultrasound parameters was considered using a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain SAPO-34 catalysts with high crystallinity and minimum particle size for the best performance in the methanol to light olefins process. The GP models were used as the fitness functions inside the GA. Finally, the optimum solution was validated experimentally and the results indicate that there is a good agreement between experimental and predicted values.

SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER STABILIZED ZIRCONIA NANOPARTICLES

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 2823-2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. VAHIDSHAD ◽  
H. ABDIZADEH ◽  
H. R. BAHARVANDI ◽  
M. AKBARI BASERI
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

A sol-gel method is investigated to synthesize CuO – ZrO 2 nanoparticles as catalyst for hydrogen production from methanol. Finer precursor nanoparticles give rise to larger specific areas in catalyst which result in a high hydrogen production. The effects of some critical process parameters on the sol-gel synthesis of CuO – ZrO 2 nanoparticles are studied. These parameters are affected on synthesis of CuO – ZrO 2 when it is prepared with sol-gel method. Particle size and distribution are considered as the results. The parameters including the effect of calcination temperature, aging temperature, nature and concentration of catalyst (acidic or basic conditions), H 2 O /precursor molar ratio, and chelating agent that have been identified as most important, are focused. It is found that the calcination temperature strongly influenced the morphology and interaction between the active species and support, and hence the structure and catalytic performance. Nature and concentration of catalyst ( pH value), chelating agent, ( H 2 O /precursor) molar ratio and also aging temperature have influence on the nanoparticles. Thus, by controlling these factors, it is possible to vary the morphology and properties of the sol-gel-derived inorganic network over wide ranges. Morphology, particle size and distribution, phase evaluation, structure, and chemical analysis of the products are investigated by SEM, TEM, DTA/TG, XRD and EDX respectively.

The Supercavitating Pump

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
Stagger Angle ◽  
Good Agreement

Cavitation in conventional pumps can cause loss of efficiency and erosion damage. For these reasons speeds and suction pressure are limited to avoid these effects. There are, however, applications where, for technical or economic reasons, these limitations are not acceptable. For these, the supercavitating pump has been developed. Basically it comprises an axial-type impeller with cavities forming over the suction side of the blade and collapsing downstream where they cause no damage. For duties requiring higher pressures, it can be staged in front of a conventional centrifugal pump. The complete development of the supercavitating pump, the theoretical optimization of the geometric parameters to get good or best performance and the theoretical design method based on potential flow cascade data are described. Experimental results are given for a series of impellers of different size, speed, stagger angle and blade shape. Comparison of the experimental results with the design method gives good agreement on the whole. Data are also given on the effects of secondary losses, tip clearance losses, blade thickness and blade rake. Some of the applications and uses of such pumps in the process industry, as boiler feed and aircraft fuel pumps and for water jet propulsion, are discussed.

ENHANCED MAGNETIZATION IN COBALT SUBSTITUTED Ni–Zn NANOFERRITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CHAITANYA VARMA ◽  
A. MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
K. H. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Zinc

Cobalt substituted nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles ( Ni 0.65–x Co x Zn 0.35 Fe 2.0 O 4) X varying from 0.0 to 0.65 in steps of 0.15 have been produced using sol–gel method, with PVA as chelating agent. The phase formation of the sintered ferrite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The lattice parameter a(A°) has been calculated using Nelson–Riley method. The crystallite size has been estimated by the Williamson–Hall method using the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the line broadening of all the peaks. Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) of the samples showed the clear presence of two sextets and distribution of iron over the two sites has been given. Increase in saturation magnetization with cobalt concentration with a slight decrease for x = 0.15 has been observed with the vibrating sample magnetometry study. The observed value of magnetization for Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 with a particle size of 43.5 nm has been 71 emu/gm at room temperature, which is higher than that reported for samples prepared using chemical methods of the same composition. The results have been explained on the basis of the particle size and cation distribution among various sites.

Preparation of Nano-Size PbTiO3 Particles and its Characteristics on the Adsorption of Organic Acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
Kun Ho Song ◽  
Byoung Moon Kim ◽  
Jeong Eun Kim ◽  
Kwang Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
Nano Size

The nano-size PbTiO3 particles were prepared by sol-gel method and the effects of processing variables such as concentration of sol solution, catalyst, concentration of catalyst, calcination temperature and calcination process on particle size of PbTiO3 were analyzed. The condition for preparation of sol solution from the precursor is very critical to the size of PbTiO3 particle. At certain experimental conditions, the particles of 129nm, 213nm and 343nm were obtained. However, the particle size of commercialized PbTiO3 powder was 5㎛(5,000nm). The prepared nano-size PbTiO3 powder adsorbed more acetic acid and formic acid than the commercialized one; 1.5 times for acetic acid and 1.2 times for formic acid. Formic acid was preferentially adsorbed than acetic acid.

General Correlations and Selection Procedures for Flow in Polyethylene Tubes With Uniformly Spaced Wall Orifices

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brundrett
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Swirl Angle ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Economical Performance

A previously described experimentally based numerical procedure is used to characterize the flow in thin walled polyethylene tubes with uniformly spaced wall orifices (polytubes). The procedure evaluates the required supply pressure for specified geometry, supply flow, and supply swirl angle; and then predicts the pressure and discharge profiles along the polytube. The predicted values are in good agreement with reported experimental results and are used to develop a data base of the most significant ranges of polytube and supply parameters. Then, explicit design correlations and recommendations are obtained for satisfactory and economical performance.

The Supercavitating Pump

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
Stagger Angle ◽  
Good Agreement

Cavitation in conventional pumps can cause loss of efficiency and erosion damage. For these reasons speeds and suction pressure are limited to avoid these effects. There are, however, applications where, for technical or economic reasons, these limitations are not acceptable. For these, the supercavitating pump has been developed. Basically it comprises an axial-type impeller with cavities forming over the suction side of the blade and collapsing downstream where they cause no damage. For duties requiring higher pressures, it can be staged in front of a conventional centrifugal pump. The complete development of the supercavitating pump, the theoretical optimization of the geometric parameters to get good or best performance and the theoretical design method based on potential flow cascade data are described. Experimental results are given for a series of impellers of different size, speed, stagger angle and blade shape. Comparison of the experimental results with the design method gives good agreement on the whole. Data are also given on the effects of secondary losses, tip clearance losses, blade thickness and blade rake. Some of the applications and uses of such pumps in the process industry, as boiler feed and aircraft fuel pumps and for water jet propulsion, are discussed.

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