Preparation of Nano-Size PbTiO3 Particles and its Characteristics on the Adsorption of Organic Acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
Kun Ho Song ◽  
Byoung Moon Kim ◽  
Jeong Eun Kim ◽  
Kwang Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
Nano Size

The nano-size PbTiO3 particles were prepared by sol-gel method and the effects of processing variables such as concentration of sol solution, catalyst, concentration of catalyst, calcination temperature and calcination process on particle size of PbTiO3 were analyzed. The condition for preparation of sol solution from the precursor is very critical to the size of PbTiO3 particle. At certain experimental conditions, the particles of 129nm, 213nm and 343nm were obtained. However, the particle size of commercialized PbTiO3 powder was 5㎛(5,000nm). The prepared nano-size PbTiO3 powder adsorbed more acetic acid and formic acid than the commercialized one; 1.5 times for acetic acid and 1.2 times for formic acid. Formic acid was preferentially adsorbed than acetic acid.

scholarly journals Catalytic Reduction of Wood Kikar (Acacia albida) by Acetosolv and Organosolv Pulping with Organic acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Mohammad Tahir ◽  
Shahid Bhutto ◽  
Nisha Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Organosolv Pulping ◽  
Acacia Albida

Kikar wood (Acacia albida) of particle size 0.315-1.00 mm was subjected to acetosolv andorganosolv pulping catalyzed by strong acid like HCl. The selective condition for pulping is 95%, 0.25%catalyst (HCl) solid/liquor ratio (S/L) 1:12.5 for 180 mins, for acetic acid, 80%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L1:12.5 for 120 min, for formic acid, 85%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L 1:12.5 for 180 min for propionic acid,giving residues impurities but the a-cellulose and klason lignin 58.5% and 24.1% in Kikar wood. Theoptimum delignification was achieved by the acetic acid as compared to other organic acids.

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

scholarly journals Comparison of various organic acids for xylo-oligosaccharide productions in terms of pKa values and combined severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Cao ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pka Values ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects. Results Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa = 4.75) at 170 ℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor. Conclusion The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.

scholarly journals Comparison of various orgainc acids for xylo-oligosaccharide productions in term of pKa values and combined severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Cao ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pka Values ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background: Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects.Results: Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa=4.75) at 170℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor.Conclusion: The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.

Analysis of the Structure and Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder Obtained by Sol-Gel and Pirosol Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Rogojan ◽  
Ecaterina Andronescu ◽  
Cristina Ghitulica ◽  
Mihaela Birsan ◽  
Georgeta Voicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Critical Particle Size ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Pyrosol Method

Nano-size hydroxyapatite is the main inorganic component of bone. There is a critical particle size that each property starts to change. Each property can be modified under controlled conditions. Multifunctional materials for applications, one must consider several properties change. Bone properties, are those which dictate the properties of hydroxyapatite, properties to be followed the synthetic materials to be used successfully as implants. Of these mention those related to surface materials, solubility and biocompatibility and their mechanical strength. Depending on the location and functionality of the implant have met some of these properties. The purpose of this study is to develop a synthetic hydroxyapatite at nano scale, using sol-gel and pyrosol method, for its use in medicine

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Wollastonite from Rice Husk Ash and Limestone

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisah Ismail ◽  
Roslinda Shamsudin ◽  
Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid ◽  
Azman Jalar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Nano Size

Wollastonite, CaSiO3 material was prepared from rice husk ash, as the source for SiO2 and limestone, source for CaO using sol-gel method. Rice husk ash and CaO powder was mixed together in 100ml distilled water with the rice husk ash/CaO ratios of 45:55 and 40:60. The mixed solution was place in the autoclave and heated at 135°C for 4 hours and calcined at 950°C for 1 and 2 hours. From the XRD results,ratio of 45:55 exhibited that b-wollastonite is the major phase and the minor phase is only contributed by cristoballite and by calcining the mixture for 2hrs would yield better crystallinity. Both of the rice husk ash:CaO ratios produced wollastonite materials in cylinder structures. Wollastonite with nano size grain was obtained for an hour calcination and 2 hrs of calcination would increase the grain size over 100 nm for ratio, 45:55 and 40:60.Therefore in order to get the nano size of wollastonite material, period of calcination process has to be controlled.

Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Nano-ZnO

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Rui Liu ◽  
Jie Hou ◽  
Li Mei Duan ◽  
Ling Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Nano-ZnO was synthesized by sol-gel method using acetic acid zinc and ammonia as raw material and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. In addition, the photoluminescence performance of nano-ZnO was analyzed through PL spectra. The particle size and dispersion degree of nano-ZnO could be controlled by adjusting the addition of surfactant polyethylene glycol-4000. The characterization results revealed that the crystallinity and dispersion degree of nano-ZnO were high and the surface area of nano-ZnO was large, when the amount of polyethylene glycol-4000 was 293.44 mg.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite and ZnO Nanoparticles via Different Routes and its Comparative Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mahapatra ◽  
Shreya Kumari ◽  
Simran Simran ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
K. Gaurav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wurtzite Crystal Structure ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Removal Of Metal Ions

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared from egg shells by various routes using hexane and acetic acid followed by heat treatment. HAp has a wide application in water treatment by removal of metal ions. XRD of the samples showed use of acetic acid followed by high temperature sintering leads to formation crystalline phases of HAp. Strong evidence of CaCO3 in calcite phase was obtained in other samples. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have also been synthesized by different methods such as sol-gel, co- precipitate and green synthesis. The effect of different synthesis methods were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The structural properties of nanoparticles including particle size were calculated from XRD data. The XRD reveals that the prepared ZnO samples were highly crystalline, having wurtzite crystal structure. The comparative analysis shows variations in particle size with different synthesis methods.

Novel Precipitation Route to Silica Grain

1992 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Simms ◽  
Tom Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTWe describe a novel precipitation route to silica grain that lies in the interface between sol-gel and Stöber-type silica. The use of acetic acid as a catalyst for TEOS hydrolysis provides access to a precipitation window in which partially hydrolyzed TEOS and TEOS monomer, when reacted with aqueous ammonia, combine to form pumice-like silica particles in up to 90% yield as SlO2. Precipitated particles exhibit narrow particle size distributions that may be controlled for average particle sizes from 50µ to 400 µ. SEM micrographs show that the particles are agglomerates of small particles, which is consistent with the high degree of observed macroporosity.

WATER SOLUBLE ACID SUBSTANCES IN THE RAW HUMUS OF PODSOL SOILS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15b (8) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Sallans ◽  
J. M. Snell ◽  
H. W. Mackinney ◽  
R. R. McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Soluble Acid

Aqueous extracts of "raw humus" from a typical Quebec podsol soil have been studied by means of two methods of fractionation. The presence of free acetic acid and mannitol has been established, and evidence of the presence of formic acid has been obtained. Data are presented which show that a number of organic acids are present in small quantities.

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