Finite Element Analysis of Brain Damage due to Impact Force with a Three Dimensional Head Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1333-1338
Author(s):  
Chang Min Suh ◽  
Sung Ho Kim ◽  
Byung Won Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Brain damage by the impact force was evaluated by the numerical analysis with a three dimensional Finite Element (FE) model. The FE model was constructed from the MRI data of a subject, and visco-elastic behavior for constitutive equation was applied to the brain tissue. From the FE simulation, brain damage and deformation of the frontal head impacted by a steel impactor were analyzed. The variations of head acceleration and Intra-Cranial Pressure (ICP) during the impact were analyzed in order to evaluate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In addition, relative displacement between the skull and the brain due to head impact was investigated. And, pathological severity was evaluated according to Head Injury Criterion (HIC) from the FE simulation. The analytic results of brain damage showed a good agreement with those of the cadaver test performed by Nahum et al. (1977) and other medical reports. And then, the variation of the HIC value was evaluated according to various impact conditions. This study would provide useful data and methodology in the field of biomechanics for analyzing the brain damage by head impact.

scholarly journals Study on the Impact Resistance of Metal Flexible Net to Rock fall

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gaosheng Wang ◽  
Yunhou Sun ◽  
Ao Zhang ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Yuzheng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Time History ◽  
Rock Fall ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Fall Protection ◽  
The Impact

Based on experiments and finite element analysis, the impact resistance of metal flexible net was studied, which can provide reference for the application of metal flexible net in rock fall protection. The oblique (30 degrees) impact experiment of metal flexible net was carried out, the corresponding finite element (FE) to the experiment was established, and the FE model was verified by simulation results to the experimental tests from three aspects: the deformation characteristics of metal flexible net, the time history curves of impact force on supporting ropes, and the maximum instantaneous impact force on supporting ropes. The FE models of metal flexible nets with inclination angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees were established, and the impact resistance of metal flexible nets with different inclination angles was analyzed. The research shows that the metal flexible net with proper inclination can bounce the impact rock fall out of the safe area and prevent rock fall falling on the metal flexible net, thus realizing the self-cleaning function. When the inclination angle of the metal flexible net is 15, 30, and 45 degrees, respectively, the bounce effect after impact is better, the remaining height is improved, the protection width is improved obviously, and the impact force is reduced. Herein, the impact force of rock fall decreases most obviously at 45 degrees inclination, and the protective performance is relatively good.

Optimization of the Engine Hood to Reduce the Head Injury during the Vehicle-Human Collision

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Wang ◽  
Qing Chun Wang ◽  
Jian Rong Fu ◽  
Hong Hai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

Effect of hard point of the engine hood on the head injury during the vehicle-human collision was studied to improve the design of engine hood. Firstly, the current common model of the engine hood was established with three-dimensional finite element modeling software, and 20 areas were divided, also a standard head finite element model was imported, secondly, each area of the engine hood was clashed by the standard head model, then the impact on the head injure was analyzed and the hard point of the hood area was achieved, thirdly, the optimization of the inside and outside panel materials and the plate structure were carried out to reduce the head damage. The simulation results show that the engine hood after optimization gave less damage to the head, which means the research carried out here is of a good reference to the engine hood optimization design for human protection

scholarly journals Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Kwong-Ming Tse ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Long-Bin Tan ◽  
Qing-Qian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Brain

This study is aimed at developing a high quality, validated finite element (FE) human head model for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) prediction and prevention during vehicle collisions. The geometry of the FE model was based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a volunteer close to the anthropometry of a 50th percentile male. The material and structural properties were selected based on a synthesis of current knowledge of the constitutive models for each tissue. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was simulated explicitly as a hydrostatic fluid by using a surface-based fluid modeling method. The model was validated in the loading condition observed in frontal impact vehicle collision. These validations include the intracranial pressure (ICP), brain motion, impact force and intracranial acceleration response, maximum von Mises stress in the brain, and maximum principal stress in the skull. Overall results obtained in the validation indicated improved biofidelity relative to previous FE models, and the change in the maximum von Mises in the brain is mainly caused by the improvement of the CSF simulation. The model may be used for improving the current injury criteria of the brain and anthropometric test devices.

scholarly journals The Effects of Shot Distance and Impact Sequence on the Residual Stress Field in Shot Peening Finite Element Model

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Zhou Wang ◽  
Ming Shi ◽  
Jin Gan ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
The Impact

In order to investigate the effect of shot distance and impact sequence on the residual stress distribution of 42CrMo steel in shot peening (SP) finite element (FE) simulation, 3D dynamic models with order dimple pattern and stochastic dimple pattern were established via ABAQUS/Explicit 6.14, and the simulation results were compared with experiments. The results show that shot overlap has a significant effect on the residual stress distribution of peened parts. Meanwhile, there is a threshold (related to SP parameter) for shot distance in the vertical and horizontal directions. When the shot distance is greater than the threshold in this direction, the residual stress distribution after SP tends to be stable. The impact sequence has almost no effect on the impact of a small number of shots, but this effect will appear when the number of shots increases. It is necessary to avoid shot overlap and continuous impact of adjacent dimples when the FE model is established; on this basis, the distance between shots and the number of layers of the shots can be reduced as much as possible without affecting the residual stress distribution. In addition, the comparison of simulation and experimental results shows that the residual stress evaluation area consistent with the experimental measurement is essential to obtain accurate residual stress distribution in the FE simulation process.

scholarly journals A simplified human head finite element model for brain injury assessment of blunt impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6538-6547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H.A. Hassan ◽  
Z. Taha ◽  
I. Hasanuddin ◽  
A.P.P.A. Majeed ◽  
H. Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Head Neck

Blunt impacts contribute more than 95% of brain trauma injuries in Malaysia. Modelling and simulation of these impacts are essential in understanding the mechanics of the injuries to develop a protective equipment that might prevent brain trauma. Various finite element models of human head have been developed, ranging from two-dimensional models to very complex three-dimensional models. The aim of this study is to develop a simplified three-dimensional human head model with low computational cost, yet capable of producing reliable brain responses. The influence of different head-neck boundary conditions on the brain responses were also examined. Our model was validated against an experimental work on human cadaver. The model with free head-neck boundary condition was found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The head-neck joint was found to have a significant influence on the brain responses upon impact. Further investigations on the head-neck joint modelling are needed. Our simplified model was successfully validated against experimental data on human cadaver and could be used in simulating blunt impact scenarios.

scholarly journals Characterization of Closed Head Impact Injury in Rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hua ◽  
Praveen Akula ◽  
Matthew Kelso ◽  
Linxia Gu
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Impact Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact

The closed head impact (CHI) rat models are commonly used for studying the traumatic brain injury. The impact parameters vary considerably among different laboratories, making the comparison of research findings difficult. In this work, numerical CHI experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivities of intracranial responses to various impact parameters (e.g., impact depth, velocity, and position; impactor diameter, material, and shape). A three-dimensional finite element rat head model with anatomical details was subjected to impact loadings. Results revealed that impact depth and impactor shape were the two leading factors affecting intracranial responses. The influence of impactor diameter was region-specific and an increase in impactor diameter could substantially increase tissue strains in the region which located directly beneath the impactor. The lateral impact could induce higher strains in the brain than the central impact. An indentation depth instead of impact depth would be appropriate to characterize the influence of a large deformed rubber impactor. The experimentally observed velocity-dependent injury severity could be attributed to the “overshoot” phenomenon. This work could be used to better design or compare CHI experiments.

Dynamic Response of the Human Head to Impact by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Ruan ◽  
T. Khalil ◽  
A. I. King
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The impact response of the human head has been determined by three-dimensional finite element modeling. This model represents the essential features of a 50th percentile human head. It includes a layered shell closely representing the cranial bones with the interior contents occupied by an inviscid continuum to simulate the brain. A thin fluid layer was included to represent the cerebral-spinal fluid. To validate the model, its response was obtained by applying a sine-squared pulse of 6.8 kN in magnitude and 10 ms in duration. The load was applied to a freely supported head on the frontal bone in the midsagittal plane. The computed pressure-time histories at 5 locations within the brain material compared quite favorably with previously published experimental data from cadaver experiments and provided a reasonable level of confidence in the validation of the model. A parametric study was subsequently conducted to identify the model response when the impact site (frontal, side, occipital) and the material properties of the head were varied. Interestingly, the model predicted higher contre-coup pressure in the frontal lobe (from occipital impact) than that predicted in the occipital region from frontal impact. This finding supports clinical findings of contre-coup injury being more likely to result from occipital impact than from frontal impact.

Finite Element Analysis of High-Decker Bus Frontal Impact Based on ECE-Regulation No.29

2013 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Supakit Rooppakhun ◽  
Sarawut Bua-Ngam
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bus Structure ◽  
The Impact

In Thailand, according to the bus accident statistics referred to Department of Land Transport (DLT), the highest risk represents the frontal crash accidents. In case of frontal crashworthiness, the high- decker bus safety was referred to the regulation no.29 of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE-R29). In this study, the frontal impact analysis of the high-decker passenger bus structure based on ECE-R29 using Finite Element (FE) analysis was focused on. The energy absorption including to the total deformation of the frontal cabin were evaluated. Three-dimensional FE model of frontal bus structure with- and without- simple impact attenuator were created and analyzed using ANSYS/Explicit software. In accordance with the results, the average magnitude of kinetic energy in case of impact attenuator revealed the value lower than those without impact attenuator owing to absorb energy in the impact attenuator. In addition, the total deformation regarding to the safe zone of the frontal cabin in the case of with impact attenuator were lower than without impact attenuator as 75.8%. Therefore, the frontal impact attenuator should be recommended to a high-decker bus for the driver protection in the event of crash accident.

Model and Simulation of the Brain Scalp Potential Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 942-947
Author(s):  
Xiang Li Wang ◽  
Shi Mei Su ◽  
Zhi Gang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Forward Problem ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Spherical Head ◽  
Electric Potentials ◽  
Dipole Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Based on spherical head models, this paper, by employing the finite element method (FEM), analyzes the potential distribution of the brain scalp surface and attempts to work out the electroencephalography (EEG) forward problem, in hope of finding out the impact the dipole parameters has on it. According to the electromagnetism theory, this paper discusses the general resolution of EEG, it requires electric potentials of the globe's surface, and graphically displays results of computation through finite element post-processing, which tests their effectiveness. Furthermore, it analyzes the influences of dipole parameters on the potential distribution of scalp surface, such as position, direction and strength, which attempts to provide an effective method to solve EEG forward problem, based on diversified head model, and also proposes a prior information to the solution to EEG inverse problem.

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