Solubility of Magnesium-Containing β-Tricalcium Phosphate: Comparison with that of Zinc-Containing β-Tricalcium Phosphate

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuo Ito ◽  
Tomomi Hida ◽  
Yu Sogo ◽  
Noboru Ichinose ◽  
Racquel Z. LeGeros
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Content Range

The purpose of this study was to determine the solubility of magnesium-containing tricalcium phosphate (MgTCP) over a magnesium content range from 0 to 10 mol%, and to compare it with that of zinc-containing tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP). MgTCP powders with various Mg contents were immersed in 0.08M acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution of pH 5.5 at 25±2 °C. Solubility product, Ksp = (Ca2+)3-x(Mg2+)x(PO4 3-)2, was calculated. From the Ksp data, the solubility of MgTCP in the pH range from 5 to 7.5 was inversely calculated. The solubility of MgTCP decreased with increasing Mg content. The negative logarithm of solubility product (Ksp) was regressed as pKsp = 29.041+0.90467C-0.18069C2+0.025962C3-0.00192C4-0.000055199C5 , where C is the Mg content of MgTCP in mol%. In the magnesium content range from 0 to 10 mol%, the solubility of MgTCP is higher than that of ZnTCP containing the same amount of zinc.

scholarly journals Fabrication of novel bone haemostasis sheet by using sugar-containing hydroxyapatite and plant-derived polymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 181649
Author(s):  
Yeonjeong Noh ◽  
Tomohiro Umeda ◽  
Yoshiro Musha ◽  
Kiyoshi Itatani
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Composite Sheet ◽  
Porous Composite ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer Solution

The fabrication conditions of bone-haemostasis sheet were examined by using (i) phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca), sugar-containing hydroxyapatite ( s -Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 : s -HAp) derived from POs-Ca and (ii) natural plant-derived polymers (locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum (GG) and alginate (AG)). The sol, which had been prepared by dissolving 2 mass% LBG/GG and 2 mass% AG into 200 cm 3 deionized water and then by agitating at the speed of 20 000 r.p.m., was immersed into 3 mass% POs-Ca solution at room temperature for 24 h; it was hydrothermally treated at 100°C for 5 h, and then freeze-dried at −50°C for 24 h to form porous composite sheet. The microscopic observation showed that the pore sizes were controlled in the range of 5–100 µm by the optimization of LBG/GG ratio. The composite sheet showed the noted uptake of simulated body fluid (1426%) at 37.0°C and also the human blood. Thus, the porous composite sheet was found to be a promising candidate of the bone haemostasis, on the basis of the data of haemostasis, uptake ability of SBF and solubility in acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer solution.

scholarly journals Stability of Sulfonamides, Nitrofurans, and Chloramphenicol Residues in Preserved Raw Milk Samples Measured by Liquid Chromatography

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Noa ◽  
Norma Perez ◽  
Rey Gutierrez ◽  
Irma Escobar ◽  
Gilberto Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer Solution

Abstract A stability study was made of 10 antimicrobials: 6 sulfonamides, 3 nitrofurans, and chloramphenicol residues in raw milk samples preserved with 0.1% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and 0.05% mercuric bichloride (HgCl2) during cold storage for 7 days. Preserved milk samples fortified with 50 ppb of each antimicrobial were analyzed by liquid chromatography (modified AOAC Method 993.32). Drugs were extracted with chloroform–acetone after solvent evaporation residues were dissolved with aqueous sodium acetate buffer solution (0.02M, pH 4.8), and fat was removed with hexane. Sulfonamides and chloramphenicol were detected at 275 nm (UV) by using a gradient system of sodium acetate buffer solution–acetonitrile starting at 95 + 5 (v/v) and finishing at 80 + 20 (v/v). Nitrofurans were detected at 375 nm (UV) isocratically with sodium acetate buffer solution–acetonitrile (80 + 20, v/v). Residues stability was measured through recovery data. Sulfamethoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, nitrofurazone, furazolidone, and furaltadone residues remained stable in the presence of either preservative for 7 days. Sulfamethazine and chloramphenicol were not affected by K2Cr2O7, but had significant losses ( p <0.05) when HgCl2 was used: 26.2 and 13.4%, respectively. Average recoveries of sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfathiazole significantly decreased by Day 7, with losses of 17.1, 17.2, and 23.2% for K2Cr2O7, and 23.3, 20.7, and 48.0% for HgCl2, respectively. During 5 days of cold storage all antimicrobials tested, except sulfathiazole, remained stable in milk samples preserved with 0.1% K2Cr2O7 or 0.05% HgCl2.

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Multiple Sulfonamides, Nitrofurans, and Chloramphenicol Residues in Pasteurized Milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Perez ◽  
Rey Gutierrez ◽  
Mario Noa ◽  
Gilberto Diaz ◽  
Hector Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A rapid and selective liquid chromatographic method was developed to detect 6 sulfonamides, 3 nitrofurans, and chloramphenicol residues in pasteurized milk. The 10 drugs were extracted with chloroform–acetone and the organic phase was evaporated; the residues were dissolved in an aqueous sodium acetate buffer solution 0.02M (pH = 4.8), and the fat was removed by washing with hexane. The aqueous layer was collected, filtered, and injected. The 6 sulfonamides and chloramphenicol were detected at 275 nm ultraviolet (UV) using a gradient system starting with sodium acetate buffer solution–acetonitrile (95 + 5) and finishing with sodium acetate buffer solution–acetonitrile (80 + 20). Nitrofurans were detected at 375 nm (UV) isocratically with sodium acetate buffer solution–acetonitrile (80 + 20). For 50 ppb fortified milk, the average recoveries were (sulfathiazole) 65.52%; (sulfamerazine) 75.36%; (sulfamethazine) 93.94%; (sulfachlorpyridazine) 75.94%; (sulfamethoxazole) 85.18%; (sulfamonomethoxine) 83.45%; (chloramphenicol) 104.17%; (nitrofurazone) 91.81%; (furazolidone) 100.76%; and (furaltadone) 72.38%. Method detection limits ranged from 4 ppb (nitrofurazone) to 16 ppb (sulfamethazine). Some matrix interferences (3–7 ppb) were observed only with sulfonamides.

A comparison of methods for the extraction of smectites from calcareous rocks by acid dissolution techniques

Clay Minerals ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Lithium Acetate ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Octahedral Cations ◽  
Bulk Chemistry

AbstractFour methods of extracting clays from calcite-rich samples were compared: (i) sodium acetate buffer solution; (ii) lithium acetate buffer solution; (iii) hydrochloric acid; (iv) liquid cation-exchange acid. The methods were tested on mixtures consisting of 80% calcite, 10% quartz and 10% hectorite. Potassium had previously been exchanged on to the interlayer sites of the clay. XRD traces of the extracted clays appeared identical with those of the original clays except for a sharpening of the 001 reflection. The bulk chemistry of the clay was unchanged except by the HCl extraction, which appeared to cause a stripping of the octahedral cations. With all of the methods the exchangeable cation content was altered; the sodium acetate method, for example, retained only 17% of the original exchangeable K+, the other methods all retaining <10%.

Dissolution Behavior of Submicron Biphasic Tricalcium Phosphate Powders

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Bing Wang ◽  
Wen Jian Weng ◽  
Xu Liang Deng ◽  
Kui Cheng ◽  
Xing Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
High Supersaturation

Submicron α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and biphasic α/β-TCP powders were prepared by an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursor way. For the biphasic TCP powders, primary particle size was 300nm, α-TCP and β-TCP primary particles were homogeneously mixed in the submicron powders. When the TCP powders were soaked in acetate buffer solution with pH 5, the Ca ion concentration in the soaked solutions and the resulting morphology variations were measured and observed. The results showed that the dissolution behavior of the biphasic TCP powders was different from α-TCP and β-TCP, and had a higher dissolved Ca ion concentration. This is attributed to a high supersaturation which is cased by the distribution homogeneity of two phase primary particles in submicron powders. These demonstrate the biphasic TCP to have potential to extend biological applications of Ca phosphates.

Grand-Reaction Method for Simulations of Ionization Equilibria and Ion Partitioning in a Broad Range of pH and Ionic Strength

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Landsgesell ◽  
Oleg Rud ◽  
Pascal Hebbeker ◽  
Raju Lunkad ◽  
Peter Košovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Ionization Equilibria ◽  
Coarse Grained Simulations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Weak Polyelectrolytes

We introduce the grand-reaction method for coarse-grained simulations of acid-base equilibria in a system coupled to a reservoir at a given pH and concentration of added salt. It can be viewed as an extension of the constant-pH method and the reaction ensemble, combining explicit simulations of reactions within the system, and grand-canonical exchange of particles with the reservoir. Unlike the previously introduced methods, the grand-reaction method is applicable to acid-base equilibria in the whole pH range because it avoids known artifacts. However, the method is more general, and can be used for simulations of any reactive system coupled to a reservoir of a known composition. To demonstrate the advantages of the grand-reaction method, we simulated a model system: A solution of weak polyelectrolytes in equilibrium with a buffer solution. By carefully accounting for the exchange of all constituents, the method ensures that all chemical potentials are equal in the system and in the multi-component reservoir. Thus, the grand-reaction method is able to predict non-monotonic swelling of weak polyelectrolytes as a function of pH, that has been known from mean-field predictions and from experiments but has never been observed in coarse-grained simulations. Finally, we outline possible extensions and further generalizations of the method, and provide a set of guidelines to enable safe usage of the method by a broad community of users.<br><br>

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of the isozyme composition of laccase derived from Japanese lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Takano ◽  
Masaya Nakamura ◽  
Masanobu Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Acetone Powder ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Activity Staining ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Toxicodendron Vernicifluum

AbstractWe performed an analysis using isoelectric focusing to comprehensively clarify the isozyme composition of laccase derived from Japanese lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum. When water extracts of acetone powder obtained from lacquer were subjected to isoelectric focusing, five bands within pI 7.35–9.30 and nine bands within pI 3.50–5.25 were detected using Coomassie staining. Similarly, laccase activity staining using guaiacol showed five bands within pI 7.35–9.30 and three bands within pI 3.50–4.25. However, laccase activity staining using gallic acid showed remarkable staining within pI 3.50–5.85, whereas staining was very weak within pI 7.35–9.30. When the water extracts of acetone powder were fractionated into the fractions containing bands within pI 7.35–9.30 and pI 3.50–5.85 by SP-Sepharose column chromatography, the former had a blue color and the latter a yellow color. The laccase activity was measured for each of the fractions in buffer solution in the pH range of 2.5–8.0. When syringaldazine, guaiacol, and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were used as substrates, the yellow fraction showed considerably higher activity than the blue fraction for pH 5.5–7.5. When 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol were used as substrates, the yellow fraction showed higher activity for pH 4.5–6.5, and the blue fraction showed higher activity for pH 7.0–8.0. When 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was used as the substrate, both fractions showed maximum activity at optimum pH of 3.0–4.0. Conventionally, in research on blue laccase derived from lacquer, the non-blue fraction corresponding to the yellow fraction lower than pI 6 has been removed during the purification process and thus has not been analyzed. Our results indicated that yellow laccase was present in the non-blue components of lacquer and that it may play a role in urushiol polymerization with previously reported blue laccase.

Effect of washing procedures on trace-element content of hair.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Assarian ◽  
D Oberleas
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract A pooled sample of hair was divided and portions prepared for analysis by three washing procedures, to evaluate the effect of washing procedure on the subsequent trace-element (Zn, Cu, Mg) content. The methods selected were a detergent wash, a hexane-ethanol wash, and an acetone-ether-detergent wash. For all elements, there was a significant difference among the results after these wash procedures. Magnesium content of hair was most affected by washing, containing less than half of the magnesium of the unwashed hair. The detergent wash removed the most zinc and magnesium; the acetone-ether-detergent wash removed the most copper. Our results indicate that the trace-element analysis of hair is sensitive to the preparation technique and therefore is an unreliable source of information about trace-element status.

Polarographic Determination of Zinc in Compounded Rubber

1950 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-980
Author(s):  
F. C. J. Poulton ◽  
L. Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Acid Electrolyte ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Gravimetric Procedure

Abstract Reasons are advanced for the unsatisfactory nature of some of the older methods for the determination of very small amounts of zinc in compounded rubber, particularly in latex mixings. The polarographic technique offers a possible solution, but most of the commoner electrolytes for the electroreduction of this metal are alkaline, and give rise to similar errors as are met in the gravimetric procedure. The development of a suitable acid electrolyte was therefore undertaken, and ways of dealing with likely interferences were examined. The electroltye finally recommended is a potassium thiocyanate-ammonium acetate buffer solution; iron, when present, is reduced to the ferrous condition by potassium iodide. The method was used to determine zinc oxide in a series of mixings of known composition ranging from 0.8 to 40 per cent. In all except the highest proportions of zinc oxide, the figures obtained agree well with the theoretical.

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