Bone Response to Cyclic Loading with Anodized Implants

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Byung Uk Lee ◽  
Seong Joo Heo ◽  
Jai Young Koak ◽  
Seong Kyun Kim ◽  
Yong Sik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Oxidation Surface

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone interface response to different surface using bone remodeling rate (BRR) under cyclic loading. The tibiae of 10 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Each tibia of rabbits received 2 implants, one with anodic oxidation surface and the other with machined surface. Dynamic loading, a cyclic load of 100 N with 100 cycles was applied for 2 weeks. All implants were divided into 4 groups according to surface treatment and loading; (1) machined surface, unloaded, (2) anodic oxidation surface, unloaded, (3) machined surface, loaded, and (4) anodic oxidation surface, loaded. To determine the rate of bone formation, a series of fluorochrome bone labeling materials (tetracycline, alizarin red, and calcein green) were administrated intramuscularly at 10, 11, 12 weeks. To study the formation time of new bone, ground sections were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured at the time of first surgery, second surgery and sacrifice. From this study, it was concluded that implants with anodic oxidation surface had higher value than machined surface on RFA measurement and anodic oxidation surface has more resistance to loading than machined surface.

scholarly journals Visualization of Proteus mirabilis within the Matrix of Urease-Induced Bladder Stones during Experimental Urinary Tract Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
C. Virginia Lockatell ◽  
Cinthia B. Drachenberg ◽  
David E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Negative Mutant

ABSTRACT The virulence of a urease-negative mutant of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis and its wild-type parent strain was assessed by using a CBA mouse model of catheterized urinary tract infection. Overall, catheterized mice were significantly more susceptible than uncatheterized mice to infection by wild-type P. mirabilis. At a high inoculum, the urease-negative mutant successfully colonized bladders of catheterized mice but did not cause urolithiasis and was still severely attenuated in its ability to ascend to kidneys. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the presence of P. mirabilis within the urease-induced stone matrix. Alizarin red S staining was used to detect calcium-containing deposits in bladder and kidney tissues of P. mirabilis-infected mice.

scholarly journals Bone Response to Conventional Titanium Implants and New Zirconia Implants Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4405
Author(s):  
Jin-Cheol Kim ◽  
In-Sung Luke Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
Zirconia Implants

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo bone response to an additively manufactured zirconia surface compared to osseointegration into titanium (Ti) surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis were performed to assess the surface characteristics of implant specimens. For the in vivo evaluation, eight Ti implants and eight 3D-printed zirconia implants were used. The surface of four Ti implants was sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (Ti-SLA group), while those of the other four Ti implants were left untreated (Ti-turned group). The zirconia implants had no further surface modification. Implants were placed into the tibiae of four rabbits; two received the Ti-SLA and zirconia implants and the other two received Ti-turned and zirconia implants. The experimental animals were sacrificed after four weeks of surgery, and the undecalcified microscopic slides were prepared. The bone–implant interface was analyzed by histomorphometry to evaluate the bone response. The degree of surface roughness showed that Ti-SLA was the highest, followed by zirconia and Ti-turned surfaces. The 3D-printed zirconia surface showed similar bone-to-implant contact to the Ti-turned surface, and Ti-SLA had the most bone-to-implant contact. The additively manufactured zirconia implant surface is biocompatible with respect to osseointegration compared to the commercially pure Ti surface.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies on Mg-Zn-Sn-Based Alloys Developed as a New Kind of Biodegradable Metal

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Yafeng Wen ◽  
Qingshan Liu ◽  
Weikang Zhao ◽  
Qiming Yang ◽  
Jingfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Alizarin Red

Mg-Zn-Sn-based alloys are widely used in the industrial field because of their low-cost, high-strength and heat-resistant characteristics. However, their application in the biomedical field has been rarely reported. In the present study, biodegradable Mg-1Zn-1Sn and Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr alloys were fabricated. Their microstructure, surface characteristics, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties were carried out using an optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, electrochemical and immersion test. The cell viability and morphology were studied by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, live/dead cell assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and SEM. The osteogenic activity was systematically investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that a small amount of strontium (Sr) (0.2 wt.%) significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the Mg-1Zn-1Sn alloy by grain refinement and decreasing the corrosion current density. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties were also improved via the second phase strengthening. Both Mg-1Zn-1Sn and Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr alloys showed excellent biocompatibility, significantly promoted cell proliferation, adhesion and spreading. Particularly, significant increases in ALP activity, ARS staining, type I collagen (COL-I) expression as well as the expressions of three osteogenesis-related genes (runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (Bglap)) were observed for the Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr group. In summary, this study demonstrated that Mg-Zn-Sn-based alloy has great application potential in orthopedics and Sr is an ideal alloying element of Mg-Zn-Sn-based alloy, which optimizes its corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and osteoinductive activity.

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium silane (k21) based intracanal medicament triggers biofilm destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sook Kuan Kok ◽  
Xian Jin Lim ◽  
Soo Xiong Chew ◽  
Shu Fen Ong ◽  
Lok Yin See ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofilm Destruction ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Abstract Background Compare antimicrobial efficacy of a quarternary ammonium silane (QAS)/k21 as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms formed on root dentin. Methodology Dentin blocks were sterilized and E. faecalis and C. albicans microbial colonies were counted for colony-forming-units against 2%k21, 2%CHX and Ca(OH)2 medicaments. Biofilm colonies after 7 days on dentin were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead bacterial viability staining. TEM was done to study dentin collagen matrix. Dentin discs from 3rd day and 7th day well plate was used for Raman spectra and observed under fluorescent-microscope. Docking studies were carried out on MMP-2 S1 binding-domain with k21. Results There was reduction of E. faecalis/C. albicans when k21, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide were used with highest percentage in 2%k21 treated specimens. 2%k21 showed dense and regular collagen network with intact cross-banding and decreased Raman intensity for 2%k21 on 3rd day. NaOCl + k21 showed least adherence, whereas saline groups showed highest adherence of E. faecalis and C. albicans to root-canal dentin. Alizarin red staining of hDPSCs revealed calcium deposition in all groups with significant difference seen amongst 2%k21 groups. MMP-2 ligand binding was seen accurately indicating possible target sites for k21 intervention. Conclusion 2%k21 can be considered as alternative intracanal medicament.

scholarly journals Laser-Based Ablation of Titanium–Graphite Composite for Dental Application

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šugár ◽  
Barbora Ludrovcová ◽  
Jaroslav Kováčik ◽  
Martin Sahul ◽  
Jana Šugárová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Grade

Biocompatible materials with excellent mechanical properties as well as sophisticated surface morphology and chemistry are required to satisfy the requirements of modern dental implantology. In the study described in this article, an industrial-grade fibre nanosecond laser working at 1064 nm wavelength was used to micromachine a new type of a biocompatible material, Ti-graphite composite prepared by vacuum low-temperature extrusion of hydrogenated-dehydrogenated (HDH) titanium powder mixed with graphite flakes. The effect of the total laser energy delivered to the material per area on the machined surface morphology, roughness, surface element composition and phases transformations was investigated and evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The findings illustrate that the amount of thermal energy put to the working material has a remarkable effect on the machined surface properties, which is discussed from the aspect of the contact properties of dental implants.

Relined Fiberglass Post: Effect of Luting Length, Resin Cement, and Cyclic Loading on the Bond to Weakened Root Dentin

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. e174-e182 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC de Souza ◽  
ML Marcondes ◽  
DFF da Silva ◽  
GA Borges ◽  
LH Burnett Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Bond Interface

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effects of luting length of the post, the resin cement, and cyclic loading on pull-out bond strength of fiberglass posts relined with composite resin in weakened roots. The canals of 80 bovine incisors were endodontically treated and weakened with diamond burs. The teeth were randomly divided into eight groups (n=10) according to the luting procedures of the relined fiberglass post (RFP): In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, the RFPs were luted with RelyX ARC, and in groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 they were luted with RelyX U200. In groups 1, 3, 5, and 7, the RFPs were luted at a length of 5 mm, and in groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 they were luted at a length of 10 mm. Specimens from groups 3, 4, 7, and 8 were submitted to cyclic loading. Specimens were subjected to a pull-out bond strength test in a universal testing machine. The results (MPa) were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). Six human upper anterior teeth were used to analyze the bond interface by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pull-out bond strength of RFPs luted with RelyX U200 was statistically higher than that of RelyX ARC. Cyclic loading influenced the bond strength only for the luting length of 5 mm. CLSM analysis revealed the formation of resin cement tags for both materials. Luting length is an important factor in retaining RFPs in weakened roots when they are subjected to cyclic loading, and RelyX U200 resulted in greater bond strengths to the root canal in comparison with RelyX ARC.

scholarly journals Calcification at the Interface Between Titanium Implants and Bone: Observation With Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

10.1563/799.1 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsunari Nishikawa ◽  
Kazuya Masuno ◽  
Masahiko Mori ◽  
Yasuhiro Tajime ◽  
Kenji Kakudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Alizarin Red

Abstract It has not been previously possible to observe bone formation in undecalcified sections with titanium implants at high magnification because of the difficulty in sectioning bone together with implants. A method for examining the bone-implant interface in undecalcified sections is described in which implants are left in situ and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to examine both the implant surface and adjacent bone. Pulsing of animals at different times with the fluorescent dyes calcein and alizarin red permitted assessment of temporal patterns of bone formation by CLSM. Reflectivity of the polished implant surface permitted accurate assessment of the position of the implant relative to labeled bone. The analysis showed that bone first formed as thin processes towards and across the implant surface, followed by further bone formation behind these processes. The interface between calcified bone tissue and the implant surface was characterized by a 10-μm space. The CLSM technique enabled detailed observations of new bone formation at the titanium implant interface.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

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