scholarly journals Laser-Based Ablation of Titanium–Graphite Composite for Dental Application

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šugár ◽  
Barbora Ludrovcová ◽  
Jaroslav Kováčik ◽  
Martin Sahul ◽  
Jana Šugárová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Surface Element ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Grade

Biocompatible materials with excellent mechanical properties as well as sophisticated surface morphology and chemistry are required to satisfy the requirements of modern dental implantology. In the study described in this article, an industrial-grade fibre nanosecond laser working at 1064 nm wavelength was used to micromachine a new type of a biocompatible material, Ti-graphite composite prepared by vacuum low-temperature extrusion of hydrogenated-dehydrogenated (HDH) titanium powder mixed with graphite flakes. The effect of the total laser energy delivered to the material per area on the machined surface morphology, roughness, surface element composition and phases transformations was investigated and evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The findings illustrate that the amount of thermal energy put to the working material has a remarkable effect on the machined surface properties, which is discussed from the aspect of the contact properties of dental implants.

scholarly journals Laser Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Which Can Enhance Cells’ Osteo-Differentiation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6067
Author(s):  
Peter Šugár ◽  
Barbora Ludrovcová ◽  
Marie Hubálek Kalbáčová ◽  
Jana Šugárová ◽  
Martin Sahul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
X Ray

The paper examines the surface functionalization of a new type of Ti-graphite composite, a dental biomaterial prepared by vacuum low-temperature extrusion of hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder mixed with graphite flakes. Two experimental surfaces were prepared by laser micromachining applying different levels of incident energy of the fiber nanosecond laser working at 1064 nm wavelength. The surface integrity of the machined surfaces was evaluated, including surface roughness parameters measurement by contact profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The chemical and phase composition were comprehensively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Finally, the in vitro tests using human mesenchymal stem cells were conducted to compare the influence of the laser processing parameters used on the cell’s cultivation and osteo-differentiation. The bioactivity results confirmed that the surface profile with positive kurtosis, platykurtic distribution curve and higher value of peaks spacing exhibited better bioactivity compared to the surface profile with negative kurtosis coefficient, leptokurtic distribution curve and lower peaks spacing.

scholarly journals Investigation of Spin Coating Cerium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films with Antifungal Properties

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Simona Liliana Iconaru ◽  
Mihai Valentin Predoi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
Sofia Gaiaschi ◽  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the cerium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ca10−xCex(PO4)6(OH)2 with xCe = 0.1, 10Ce-HAp) coatings obtained by the spin coating method were presented for the first time. The stability of the 10Ce-HAp suspension particles used in the preparation of coatings was evaluated by ultrasonic studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface morphology of the 10Ce-HAp coating was studied by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The obtained 10Ce-HAp coatings were uniform and without cracks or unevenness. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the investigation of fine chemical depth profiling. The antifungal properties of the HAp and 10Ce-HAp suspensions and coatings were assessed using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (C. albicans) fungal strain. The quantitative antifungal assays demonstrated that both 10Ce-HAp suspensions and coatings exhibited strong antifungal properties and that they successfully inhibited the development and adherence of C. albicans fungal cells for all the tested time intervals. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) visualization of the C. albicans fungal cells adherence to the 10Ce-HAp surface also demonstrated their strong inhibitory effects. In addition, the qualitative assays also suggested that the 10Ce-HAp coatings successfully stopped the biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Influence of Salt Support Structures on Material Jetted Aluminum Parts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4072
Author(s):  
Benedikt Kirchebner ◽  
Maximilian Ploetz ◽  
Christoph Rehekampff ◽  
Philipp Lechner ◽  
Wolfram Volk
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salts ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Economic Support

Like most additive manufacturing processes for metals, material jetting processes require support structures in order to attain full 3D capability. The support structures have to be removed in subsequent operations, which increases costs and slows down the manufacturing process. One approach to this issue is the use of water-soluble support structures made from salts that allow a fast and economic support removal. In this paper, we analyze the influence of salt support structures on material jetted aluminum parts. The salt is applied in its molten state, and because molten salts are typically corrosive substances, it is important to investigate the interaction between support and build material. Other characteristic properties of salts are high melting temperatures and low thermal conductivity, which could potentially lead to remelting of already printed structures and might influence the microstructure of aluminum that is printed on top of the salt due to low cooling rates. Three different sample geometries have been examined using optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and micro-hardness testing. The results indicate that there is no distinct influence on the process with respect to remelting, micro-hardness and chemical reactions. However, a larger dendrite arm spacing is observed in aluminum that is printed on salt.

Bone Response to Cyclic Loading with Anodized Implants

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Byung Uk Lee ◽  
Seong Joo Heo ◽  
Jai Young Koak ◽  
Seong Kyun Kim ◽  
Yong Sik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Oxidation Surface

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone interface response to different surface using bone remodeling rate (BRR) under cyclic loading. The tibiae of 10 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Each tibia of rabbits received 2 implants, one with anodic oxidation surface and the other with machined surface. Dynamic loading, a cyclic load of 100 N with 100 cycles was applied for 2 weeks. All implants were divided into 4 groups according to surface treatment and loading; (1) machined surface, unloaded, (2) anodic oxidation surface, unloaded, (3) machined surface, loaded, and (4) anodic oxidation surface, loaded. To determine the rate of bone formation, a series of fluorochrome bone labeling materials (tetracycline, alizarin red, and calcein green) were administrated intramuscularly at 10, 11, 12 weeks. To study the formation time of new bone, ground sections were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured at the time of first surgery, second surgery and sacrifice. From this study, it was concluded that implants with anodic oxidation surface had higher value than machined surface on RFA measurement and anodic oxidation surface has more resistance to loading than machined surface.

Microcontact Printed Protein Micropatterns on Titanium Surface Characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jiang Pan ◽  
Yu Dong Nie ◽  
Yun Xiao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Photoelectron Spectrum ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Replication Errors ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

In this paper, two kinds of stamps (squares (a×a)) separated by spacing b, the values of a and b were varied from 2.5 µm to 50 µm), i.e. positive and negative stamps, were prepared. The stamps inked with the rhodamine-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) were then microcontacted with the aldehyde-functionalized titanium surfaces. Water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) indicated that BSA can be covalently immobilized on aldehyde modified titanium surface by microcontact printing. The experimental results of CLSM showed that the patterns with resolution from 2.5 µm to 50 µm were obtained successfully. Both positive stamp and negative stamp were deformed when the value of a was less than or equal to 5 µm, which resulted in replication errors. Furthermore, the larger spacing (50 µm) resulted in stamp collapse when the value a of the positive stamp was less than or equal to 10 µm, leading to whole fluorescence on substrates.

scholarly journals A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šugár ◽  
Jaroslav Kováčik ◽  
Jana Šugárová ◽  
Barbora Ludrovcová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Different Characteristics

The paper deals with the experimental study of laser beam micromachining of the powder metallurgy processed Ti compacts applying the industrial grade fibre nanosecond laser operating at the wavelength of 1064 nm. The influence of the laser energy density on the surface roughness, surface morphology and surface elements composition was investigated and evaluated by means of surface roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The different laser treatment parameters resulted in the surfaces of very different characteristics of the newly developed biocompatible material prepared by advanced low temperature technology of hydride dehydride (HDH) titanium powder compactation. The results indicate that the laser pulse energy has remarkable effects on the machined surface characteristics which are discussed from the point of view of application in dental implantology.

scholarly journals Carbonate Neoformations on Modern Buildings and Engineering Structures in Tyumen City, Russia: Structural Features and Development Factors

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Novoselov ◽  
Alexandr Konstantinov ◽  
Lyubov Leonova ◽  
Bulat Soktoev ◽  
Sergey Morgalev
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of studying the development of calcite neoformations on the surfaces of modern buildings within the city of Tyumen. The objects of the study were carbonate crusts and stalactite-like bodies formed on the surfaces of five representative buildings in the city center. Research methods included visual diagnostics, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and semi-quantitative determination of the mineral composition by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the study show that calcite is the main component of all carbonate crusts, while other minerals were found in small quantities. The microscopic studies revealed the differences in morphology of crusts developing on horizontal and vertical surfaces. The mycelium of fungi (presumably of the Penicillium group), represented by filamentous and often hollow hyphae covered with calcite, as well as relics of bacterial colonies were found in all studied samples. It was noted that the mycelium forms the structural frame of carbonate crusts and stalactites. Studies have shown that the prokaryotic–eukaryotic communities are responsible for the high rate of the urban speleothem growth and play the main role in calcite precipitation at the initial stages of their development.

scholarly journals Myoanatomy of the velvet worm leg revealed by laboratory-based nanofocus X-ray source tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (47) ◽  
pp. 12378-12383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Müller ◽  
Ivo de Sena Oliveira ◽  
Sebastian Allner ◽  
Simone Ferstl ◽  
Pidassa Bidola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Velvet Worm ◽  
Scanning Electron

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a powerful noninvasive technique for investigating the inner structure of objects and organisms. However, the resolution of laboratory CT systems is typically limited to the micrometer range. In this paper, we present a table-top nanoCT system in conjunction with standard processing tools that is able to routinely reach resolutions down to 100 nm without using X-ray optics. We demonstrate its potential for biological investigations by imaging a walking appendage of Euperipatoides rowelli, a representative of Onychophora—an invertebrate group pivotal for understanding animal evolution. Comparative analyses proved that the nanoCT can depict the external morphology of the limb with an image quality similar to scanning electron microscopy, while simultaneously visualizing internal muscular structures at higher resolutions than confocal laser scanning microscopy. The obtained nanoCT data revealed hitherto unknown aspects of the onychophoran limb musculature, enabling the 3D reconstruction of individual muscle fibers, which was previously impossible using any laboratory-based imaging technique.

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