The Study of Fabrication of the Liquid Core Waveguide Nutrient Sensor

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Chih Wei Wu ◽  
Yung Kang Shen ◽  
Yi Lung Lee ◽  
Chung Sheng Wei ◽  
Chun Ching Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Teflon Af ◽  
Liquid Core Waveguide ◽  
Optical Test ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Teflon Coating

A novel nutrient sensor using liquid core waveguide technique is reported, implementing Teflon AF 1601S coated microchannels. Straight PDMS microchannels replicated from a master were coated with Teflon AF 1601S and sealed with a Teflon AF 1601S coated Pyrex 7740 wafer. It formed a liquid core waveguide with a low index of refraction channel in which a high index aqueous solution was flowed. Light generated by a fiber-coupled tungsten halogen lamp propagated by total internal reflection to the end of the channel where the light was detected using a CCD array spectrometer. There is a dramatic difference between channels with and without a Teflon coating. The absorbance response of this sensor varies linearly with concentration. This innovative technique provides a potentially low-cost and high efficient approach to fill the inspection technology gap between in-situ and laboratory analyses. It is believed that the novel process is expected to give an impact to the aqueous inspection and to create a highly value-added technology in optical test, measurement industry.

Microfabrication and characterization of liquid core waveguide glass channels coated with teflon af

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manor ◽  
A. Datta ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
M. Holtz ◽  
S. Gangopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Core ◽  
Teflon Af ◽  
Liquid Core Waveguide

scholarly journals Microfabrication and characterization of teflon af-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Datta ◽  
In-Yong Eom ◽  
A. Dhar ◽  
P. Kuban ◽  
R. Manor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Core ◽  
Teflon Af ◽  
Liquid Core Waveguide

Control of Teflon AF 2400 Permeability in a Liquid-Core Waveguide by an Ultra-Thin Crosslinked Polyamide Coating

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obianuju Inya-Agha ◽  
Shona Stewart ◽  
Tincuta Veriotti ◽  
Merlin L. Bruening ◽  
Michael D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Core ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Teflon Af ◽  
Liquid Core Waveguide ◽  
Aqueous Core ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Low Refractive Index

In the last few years Teflon AF has emerged as the leading material for implementing waveguiding with an aqueous core because of its low refractive index (nD = 1.29). This low index should make it possible for very low limits of detection to be achieved in Teflon AF as a result of the ability to excite with laser light over an increased area. Detection limits have remained high, however, due in part to the porosity of the material. In this communication we report a significant reduction in the permeability of Teflon AF 2400 capillary walls with the deposition and subsequent treatment of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Alternating layers of polycations and polyanions on a bare Teflon AF surface are sufficient to reduce its permeability to small molecules such as methanol and benzene. Crosslinking and deprotonation of these multilayers further reduces permeability to less than 10% of the permeability value through uncoated TAF. As a consequence, detection limits are reduced. Evidence of these results is presented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Raman spectroscopic measurements.

scholarly journals Chitosan Adsorbent Derivatives for Pharmaceuticals Removal from Effluents: A Review

Macromol ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-154
Author(s):  
Efstathios V. Liakos ◽  
Maria Lazaridou ◽  
Georgia Michailidou ◽  
Ioanna Koumentakou ◽  
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Isotherm And Kinetic Models ◽  
Published Research

Chitin is mentioned as the second most abundant and important natural biopolymer in worldwide scale. The main sources for the extraction and exploitation of this natural polysaccharide polymer are crabs and shrimps. Chitosan (poly-β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) is the most important derivative of chitin and can be used in a wide variety of applications including cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, food, etc., giving this substance high value-added applications. Moreover, chitosan has applications in adsorption because it contains amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules, and can thus contribute to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (pharmaceuticals/drugs, metals, phenols, pesticides, etc.). However, it must be noted that one of the most important techniques of decontamination is considered to be adsorption because it is simple, low-cost, and fast. This review emphasizes on recently published research papers (2013–2021) and briefly describes the chemical modifications of chitosan (grafting, cross-linking, etc.), for the adsorption of a variety of emerging contaminants from aqueous solutions, and characterization results. Finally, tables are depicted from selected chitosan synthetic routes and the pH effects are discussed, along with the best-fitting isotherm and kinetic models.

Graphdiyne Anchored Ultrafine Ag Nanoparticles for High Efficient and Solvent-Free Catalysis of CO2 Cycloaddition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Tongbu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
High Efficient

Apart from photo-/electro-catalytic CO2 reduction, an important alternative route to CO2 utilization is to use this inert molecule as a C1 source to synthesize value-added chemicals, while the practical application...

DEPOSITION OF SINGLE-PHASE CuInSe2 THIN FILMS UNDER LOW VACUUM LEVEL BY A TWO-STAGE GROWTH TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. CHU ◽  
H. B. ZHU ◽  
Z. A. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Efficient

Single-phase CuInSe 2 films were grown by high vapor selenization of CuIn alloy precursors within a partially closed graphite box. The CuIn precursors were prepared using Cu x In y alloy targets with different composition rates under low vacuum level by a homemade sputtering system. The Cu and In composition rates of the used targets are 11:9, 10:10, and 9:11, respectively. The metallic precursor films were selenized using a two-step temperature profile, i.e. at 250°C and 400–500°C, respectively. The influence of the temperature at the second selenization step on the quality of the CIS absorbing layers was investigated. The CIS films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited CIS absorbers selenized at a high temperature of 500°C for 30 min exhibited a single-phase chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation in the (112) direction. These layers display uniform, large, and densely packed crystals with a grain size of about 3–5 μm. Cadmium sulfide buffer layer was manufactured by chemical bath deposition method. Bilayers ZnO / ZnO : Al were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition. CIS solar cells with an efficiency of about 6.5% were produced without antireflective films. The method to fabricate CIS solar cells by a combination of the low vacuum sputtering deposition and the graphite box selenization process has provided a simple control process and shown a promising potential for developing high efficient and low-cost CuInSe 2 solar cells.

Micromachined Fused Silica Liquid Core Waveguide Capillary Flow Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Kraiczek ◽  
J. Mannion ◽  
S. Post ◽  
A. Tsupryk ◽  
V. Raghunathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Liquid Core Waveguide

Value communication: low-cost marketing initiatives for “Guru Ki Bani 58282”

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Neeraj Pandey ◽  
Gaganpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Marketing Team ◽  
Value Communication

Subject area Pricing, digital marketing, marketing management and strategic marketing. Study level/applicability The case can be used for pricing or digital marketing courses as well as marketing management courses to MBA students and/or for management development programmes. Case overview Goldfinch Mobile Solutions, a Hong-Kong based value added services (VAS) and gaming platform provider, had an exclusive tie up with Bharti Airtel in India for providing value added voice applications on an interactive voice response system (IVRS) platform. The Goldfinch flagship service is “Guru Ki Bani” which may be subscribed to by dialing the short code 58282. This “58282” service has a repository of all Sikh religion daily prayers, religious songs, teachings, stories from Guru's life and similar information that is derived from the Sikh Holy book Guru Granth Sahib Ji. As per mutual agreement between Goldfinch Mobile Solutions and Bharti Airtel, the telecom operator had the responsibility to promote Goldfinch's Guru Ki Bani service amongst its subscriber base through its below the line (BTL) promotional channels such as short messaging service (SMS), outbound calls, cell information, notification SMS after call and above the line (ATL) activities such as posters, leaflets, print, promoters, regional TV, outdoors, etc. The revenue sharing arrangement between Airtel and Golfinch was in the ratio of 75 percent and 25 percent. However, with recent changes in the policies of Telephone Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), promotional marketing used by telecom operators has been constrained. Declining customer share, decreasing profits (after Bharti Airtel halted promotions) and increasing organization cost per customer have made MD and CEO Mr Newton Bubber think of various options including low-cost marketing initiatives besides digital marketing to promote Guru Ki Bani services. Value communication to its huge potential customer base, i.e. 184.19 million Bharti Airtel subscribers was another challenge facing Mr Newton and his marketing team at Goldfinch. Expected learning outcomes The case enables students to learn the concepts and application of value creation, effective value communication, price waterfall analysis, importance of costing parameters in pricing decisions, low-cost marketing strategies and digital marketing. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

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