Metallographic Studies of Selected Eneolithic and Bronze Age Artifacts from Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Szczepan Suchy ◽  
Aldona Garbacz-Klempka ◽  
Kamil Adamczak ◽  
Łukasz Kowalski ◽  
Janusz Kozana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reduced Data

This work presents the results of metallographic studies performed on four Eneolithic and Bronze Age artifacts from Poland. All of them are of none archaeological context therefore its academic value is strongly reduced. The aim of this work is to deal with such a reduced data in a way of improving and verifing current state of knowledge about the artifacts. In order to achieve this goal elemental composition (XRF), microstructure analysis (SEM-EDS), macrostructure analysis (optical microscopy) and 3D scanning were performed.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Elements in Biodeposits on the Stone Surface in Urban Environment. Case Studies from Saint Petersburg, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Katerina V. Sazanova (nee Barinova) ◽  
Marina S. Zelenskaya ◽  
Vera V. Manurtdinova ◽  
Alina R. Izatulina ◽  
Aleksei V. Rusakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Selective Accumulation

The pattern of elements accumulation in biodeposits formed by living organisms and extracellular products of their metabolism (biofouling, primary soils) on different bedrocks (of the monuments of Historical necropoleis in Saint Petersburg) were studied by a complex of biological and mineralogical methods (optical microscopy, SEM, EDX, XRD, ICP MS, XRFS). The content of 46 elements in biodeposits with various communities of microorganisms is determined. The model recreating the picture of the input and selective accumulation of elements in biodeposits on the stone surface in outdoor conditions is assumed. It is shown that the main contribution to the elemental composition of biodeposits is made by the environment and the composition of the microbial community. The contribution of leaching under the action of microbial metabolites of mineral grains, entering biodeposits from the environment, is significantly greater than that of the underlying rock.

scholarly journals Modern laser-technologies and nanotechnologies - next-generation on new physical principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052081
Author(s):  
S M Arakelian ◽  
G A Evstyunin ◽  
A V Zdanov ◽  
S I Abrakhin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Laser Technologies ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Physical Principles

Abstract In the paper we discuss new tendencies and trends in laser/nanotechnologies based on topological material-science with spatial structures of necessary types induced by laser radiation on solid surface. Review of the current state of research on this issue, main directions and scientific advantages are presented. In our study we used originally manufactured the multibeam laser-technological automated complex for thermal hardening of the surface of different products with variable elemental composition. The database for several functional characteristics, varied under processing by laser radiation the surface of materials, is given.

Advanced Micro-chemical Investigation of Golden Threads from Romanian Byzantine Embroideries by Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956-1959
Author(s):  
Zizi Ileana Balta ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Irina Petroviciu ◽  
Mihai Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Elemental Maps

In the present study, golden threads from two, apparently identical, medieval epitrachelions considered masterpieces of the Romanian Byzantine embroidery art, were investigated by using Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) and optical microscopy. PIXE measurements allowed to accurate identify the elemental composition, distribution of the trace elements, the layered structures (depth profiling) and thicknesses of the gold layer. Useful information for the characterization of the gilded silver threads due to elemental maps concerning the constituent elements spatial distribution in the sample was also obtained.

scholarly journals Development of an Optimized NDT Methodology for the Investigation of Ancient Greek Copper-Based Artifacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-340
Author(s):  
Amani-Christiana Saint ◽  
Vasiliki Dritsa ◽  
Maria Koui
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray

A multi-analytical non-destructive testing (NDT) methodology was applied to copper-based artifacts originated from various archaeological sites of Greece. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fiber optics diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (ESEM-EDX) were used for the characterization of the alloys and the corrosion products. The key elements of the artifacts belonging to the Early Bronze Age (2700–2300 BC) were copper and arsenic, while tin bronze was used for the fabrication of the Late Bronze Age (1600–1100 BC) artifacts. The effectiveness of XRF for the determination of the bulk composition was confirmed by comparative study with the previously applied atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) destructive techniques. Significant differences between the artifacts were revealed through the spectral measurement of their surface corrosion products color by FORS. ESEM-EDX provided information on the microstructure, the elemental composition of the corrosion layers and bulk, as well as the distribution of the corrosion products on the surface. Conclusively, the combined NDT methodology could be regarded as a valuable and appropriate tool for the elemental composition of the bulk alloy, thus leading to the classification of their historical period and the corrosion products, contributing significantly to their conservation–restoration.

Impact on Surface Treatment of Hydrophobic Consolidation Terracotta Ornaments

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Vasile Pelin ◽  
Ioana Huțanu ◽  
Eugen Borş ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dispersion Systems ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Superficial Coating

During the consolidation and rehabilitation interventions of George RaduMelidon City Library Roman, Neamţ County, a series of architectural terracotta decorations, manufactured in the second half of the century XIX, have been identified and cataloged. The current state of these decorations, made from geomaterials, requires the establishment of a technical solution which will be used to preserve, to strengthen the color, the aesthetic surface and the chromatic reintegration. Thus, the paper presents the study of four current commercial chemicals products, part of the additives hydrophobic/waterproofing group. One of the products is a water based emulsion, while the other three are organic based solvents. This study was required in order to develop an optimal treatment to preserve the old terracotta from facade of building already mentioned. The technical features that these products have in common are sealing and waterproofing by superficial coating, with an average penetration and restoration of chromatic aspect, as close to the original. CIE L*a*b* colorimetry, optical microscopy and the measure of humidity (reversible water content and related chemical) were implemented in the study of optimization of pellicle dispersion systems based on the four chemicals.

Introduction: Definitions, Themes, and Debate

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Current State ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The Bronze Age

This chapter introduces Erlitou as the first dynasty of the Bronze Age by reviewing differing opinions and the basis for identifying the Erlitou Culture as that of Xia, ca. 2100–1600 bce. After tracing the historiography of excavations and definitions the chapter reviews connections with the preceding and overlapping Longshan era, particularly Taosi in Shanxi province. Finally analysis focuses on the history of excavations and finds (1959–present) and the current state of research on the significance of the Erlitou culture. Due to the elusiveness of any transmitted textual data to verify the historicity of Xia, the debate surrounding the “Xia dynasty” goes on.

Compositional Imaging Rediscovered: What‚s New/What‚S Not?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
M. S. Isaacson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Microscopic Image ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Chemical Microscopy

The last several decades have seen an explosion in the number of experimental techniques being developed to characterize materials. In particular, there has been exponential growth in the coupling of microscopic methods with conventional spectroscopic characterization tools. This has been due mainly to the renaissance in microscopy over the last quarter century and the advent of significant computational power “on a bench”.Compositional imaging is just a new term for what was over a half century ago called “Chemical Microscopy”. Although then the term referred to optical microscopy, today the notion of compositional imaging refers to a method by which we can correlate chemical or elemental composition with a microscopic image feature.Because many of these microcharacterization methods have developed from many different disciplines, the “local” language used often appears to be untranslatable from one technique to the next without considerable pain and difficulty.

Elemental composition and microstructure analysis of a rabbit urolith

2014 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Débora Bellini Machado ◽  
Ivone M. Sato ◽  
Flávia R. O. Silva ◽  
Vera Lúcia R. Salvador ◽  
Júlio Takehiro Marumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Microstructure Analysis

scholarly journals The Unetice Culture Group in palaeosociological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Dalia A. Pokutta ◽  
◽  
Evgeny Vdovchenkov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Definition Of

Based on the current state of knowledge in research on the Unetice culture in Poland, the article discusses several key issues for the reconstruction of palaeosocial prehistoric societies. Departing from the classical definition of archaeological culture, and basing on the results of e.g. bioarchaeological analyzes, the authors discuss the problems of individual and collective identity in the Early Bronze Age (the so-called opera model), and related issues of territoriality, linguistic community and customs. The article presents, among others, the Unietyce funeral rites as well as the typology and evolution of mounds (the so-called prince burials).

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