scholarly journals Accumulation of Elements in Biodeposits on the Stone Surface in Urban Environment. Case Studies from Saint Petersburg, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Katerina V. Sazanova (nee Barinova) ◽  
Marina S. Zelenskaya ◽  
Vera V. Manurtdinova ◽  
Alina R. Izatulina ◽  
Aleksei V. Rusakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Selective Accumulation

The pattern of elements accumulation in biodeposits formed by living organisms and extracellular products of their metabolism (biofouling, primary soils) on different bedrocks (of the monuments of Historical necropoleis in Saint Petersburg) were studied by a complex of biological and mineralogical methods (optical microscopy, SEM, EDX, XRD, ICP MS, XRFS). The content of 46 elements in biodeposits with various communities of microorganisms is determined. The model recreating the picture of the input and selective accumulation of elements in biodeposits on the stone surface in outdoor conditions is assumed. It is shown that the main contribution to the elemental composition of biodeposits is made by the environment and the composition of the microbial community. The contribution of leaching under the action of microbial metabolites of mineral grains, entering biodeposits from the environment, is significantly greater than that of the underlying rock.

scholarly journals The phyllosphere microbiome of host trees contributes more than leaf phytochemicals to variation in the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire gut microbiome structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractThe microbiome composition of living organisms is closely linked to essential functions determining the fitness of the host for thriving and adapting to a particular ecosystem. Although multiple factors, including the developmental stage, the diet, and host-microbe coevolution have been reported to drive compositional changes in the microbiome structures, very few attempts have been made to disentangle their various contributions in a global approach. Here, we focus on the emerald ash borer (EAB), an herbivorous pest and a real threat to North American ash tree species, to explore the responses of the adult EAB gut microbiome to ash leaf properties, and to identify potential predictors of EAB microbial variations. The relative contributions of specific host plant properties, namely bacterial and fungal communities on leaves, phytochemical composition, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, to the EAB gut microbial community was examined by canonical analyses. The composition of the phyllosphere microbiome appeared to be a strong predictor of the microbial community structure in EAB guts, explaining 53 and 48% of the variation in fungi and bacteria, respectively. This study suggests a potential covariation of the microorganisms associated with food sources and the insect gut microbiome.

Homogeneity Assessment of the Elemental Composition of Windshield Glass by LA-ICP-MS, LIBS and µ-XRF Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Oriana Ovide ◽  
Ruthmara Corzo ◽  
Zachary Andrews ◽  
Jose Almirall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Homogeneity Assessment ◽  
Windshield Glass

Metallographic Studies of Selected Eneolithic and Bronze Age Artifacts from Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Szczepan Suchy ◽  
Aldona Garbacz-Klempka ◽  
Kamil Adamczak ◽  
Łukasz Kowalski ◽  
Janusz Kozana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reduced Data

This work presents the results of metallographic studies performed on four Eneolithic and Bronze Age artifacts from Poland. All of them are of none archaeological context therefore its academic value is strongly reduced. The aim of this work is to deal with such a reduced data in a way of improving and verifing current state of knowledge about the artifacts. In order to achieve this goal elemental composition (XRF), microstructure analysis (SEM-EDS), macrostructure analysis (optical microscopy) and 3D scanning were performed.

scholarly journals Small molecules, big effects: microbial metabolites in intestinal immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. G907-G911
Author(s):  
Lila G. Glotfelty ◽  
Andrea C. Wong ◽  
Maayan Levy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mammalian Intestine

The mammalian intestine is host to a vast number of microbial organisms. The immune system must balance tolerance with innate and adaptive defense mechanisms to maintain homeostasis with the microbial community. Interestingly, microbial metabolites have been shown to play a role in shaping the host immune response, thus assisting with adaptations that have significant implications for human health and disease. New investigations have uncovered roles for metabolites in modulating almost every aspect of the immune system. In this minireview, we survey these recent findings, which taken together reveal nuanced interactions that we are just beginning to understand.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Ultrasound Technique for Enhancement of Microbial Metabolites Production

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5473
Author(s):  
Asma Behzadnia ◽  
Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab ◽  
Shikha Ojha ◽  
Brijesh K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Microbial metabolites have significant impacts on our lives from providing valuable compounds for nutrition to agriculture and healthcare. Ever-growing demand for these natural compounds has led to the need for smart and efficient production techniques. Ultrasound is a multi-applicable technology widely exploited in a range of industries such as chemical, medical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and food processes. Depending on the type of ultrasound employed, it can be used to either monitor or drive fermentation processes. Ultrasonication can improve bioproduct productivity via intensifying the performance of living organisms. Controlled ultrasonication can influence the metabolites’ biosynthesis efficiency and growth rates by improvement of cell permeability as well as mass transfer and nutrient uptake rates through cell membranes. This review contains a summarized description about suitable microbial metabolites and the applications of ultrasound technique for enhancement of the production of these metabolites as well as the associated downstream processing.

scholarly journals Observation of the Laser Cleaning Effect on the Gotland Sandstone Elemental Composition

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Jasińska ◽  
Jørn Bredal-Jørgensen ◽  
Gerard Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Laser Cleaning ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Surface Destruction ◽  
Initial Content

Changes of the elemental composition due to laser surface cleaning of a naturally crusted historical sandstone were investigated by means of the SEM/EDX technique. Data obtained for stone samples prior to and after laser irradiation were compared with those for noncrusted, reference ones. It has been observed that the crust removal resulting from ablative cleaning was accompanied by a decrease of the partial content of elements Al, S, K, Ca, and Mg in the range of 60–80% of their initial value recorded for the noncleaned, crust-covered stone surface. In the stone layer just under the crust coverage, a structure characterized by intergranular spaces between the SiO2 grains being the main sandstone component filled with degraded binder was observed. From the coincidence of the binder destruction and chemical composition of the crust, the stone surface destruction due to the long-term interaction of environmental pollution was deduced. The spatial distributions of individual elements obtained by mapping after laser irradiation indicated that besides SiO2 the content of elemental components in the sandstone surface layer decreased by 50%, whereas for Fe with the initial content of 4% and other surface remnants: P, Ti, Zn, and Cl—all below 1%, insignificant changes were only revealed. It was concluded in agreement with the literature that surface cleaning by means of the 1064 nm laser does not cause removal of iron from the sandstone surface.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Selenium in Candida utilis Growing in Media of Increasing Concentration of this Element

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
Anna Maria Kot ◽  
Kamil Piwowarek ◽  
Stanisław Błażejak
Keyword(s):  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Living Organisms

Selenium is considered an essential component of all living organisms. Studies on the enrichment of yeast cells with selenium, using the ability of cell biomass to bind this element, are being reported more and more. Yeast cultures were cultivated in YPD medium enriched with Na2SeO3 salts for 72 h at 28 °C on a shaker utilizing reciprocating motion. Selenium in cell biomass was determined with the use of ICP–MS. It was observed that the addition of selenium to the experimental medium (in the range of 4–100 mg/L) increased the content of this element in the yeast cell biomass. During the extension of cultivation time, the number of yeast cells and biomass yield exhibited a decreasing trend. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that yeast cells exhibited the ability to accumulate selenium in both logarithmic and stationary growth phases. The dose of 20 and 30 mg/L of selenium in the culture medium meets the expectations in terms of both the content of selenium bound to yeast cells (1944 ± 110.8 μg/g dry weight) under 48-h cultivation. The obtained results confirmed that the Candida utilis ATCC 9950 strain exhibits the ability to bind selenium, which means that the biomass of these yeasts may be used as a natural source of selenium in the diet of humans and animals.

scholarly journals Critical assessment of the elemental composition of Corning archeological reference glasses by LA-ICP-MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wagner ◽  
A. Nowak ◽  
E. Bulska ◽  
K. Hametner ◽  
D. Günther
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Icp Ms

Urban soils and human health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Bini ◽  
Mohammad Wahsha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Potentially Harmful Elements ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Scientific Topic

<p>Since the dawn of civilization, the anthropic activity has lead to a legacy of increased land degradation/contamination. Potentially harmful elements (PHEs) are among the most effective environmental contaminants, and their release into the environment is rising since the last decades. Interest in trace elements has been increased as a major scientific topic over the last 50 years when it was realized that some elements were essential to human health (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn). In contrast, some others were toxic (e.g., As, Hg, Pb), and likely responsible for serious human diseases and lethal consequences. Since that time, great progress in knowledge of links between environmental geochemistry and human health has been achieved. The urban environment (nowadays the main habitat for the human population) is a potential PHEs source, with high risk for residents’ health. Indeed, PHEs concentration and distribution are related to traffic intensity, distance from roads, local topography, and heating. Industrial emissions also contribute to the release of toxic elements. Understanding the extent, distribution and fate of PHEs in the urban environment is therefore imperative to address the sustainable management of urban soils and gardens in relation to human health.</p><p>Despite the extensive researches addressed to this topic, the effects of most trace metals on human health are not yet fully understood. Uncertainty is still prevailing, particularly with non-essential elements that are “suspected” to be harmful to humans, causing severe health problems as intoxication, neurological disturbances and also cancer. Some of them (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Pb) have attracted most attention worldwide due to their toxicity towards living organisms. Other elements (Al, B, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Sn, Tl, V, W) are likely harmful, but may play some beneficial functions not yet well known, and should be more investigated.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Urban soils; PHEs; Human health</p>

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