Advanced Engineering in Orthopedic Surgery Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Diana Popescu ◽  
Dan Lăptoiu ◽  
Rodica Marinescu ◽  
Anton Hadar ◽  
Iozefina Botezatu
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Cutting Guides ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Medical Modeling ◽  
K Wires ◽  
Visualization And Simulation ◽  
Ar Models ◽  
Charcot Osteoarthropathy

The paper reports the use of advanced engineering tools, techniques and manufacturing process for the preoperative planning, visualization and simulation of complex osteotomy of a diabetic foot (Charcot osteoarthropathy). Two case studies focused on the same clinical data are illustrating the use of medical modeling techniques, reverse engineering and Additive Manufacturing technology in the development of 3D printed anatomical model and customized surgical cutting guides, as well as the use of Augmented Reality (AR) tools for enhancing the communication and information exchange between surgeons, and between surgeons and engineers. A good and accurate communication surgeon-engineer in identifying and selecting anatomical landmarks and supporting surfaces, in establishing the resections trajectories and K-wires positions proved mandatory for the guides’ design process. The importance of using both 3D virtual models, AR models and physical models as collaboration tools is also discussed.

3D-Printed Custom Cutting Guides Facilitate Frontal Cranioplasty in Gender Affirmation Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H Hohman ◽  
Meghan E Jastrzembski ◽  
Nicholas Choe ◽  
Michael J Nuara ◽  
Jeffrey C Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Cutting Guides ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Gender Affirmation Surgery

3D-Printed Cutting Guides for Resection of Long Bone Sarcoma and Intercalary Allograft Reconstruction

Orthopedics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Gasparro ◽  
Charles A. Gusho ◽  
Obianuju A. Obioha ◽  
Matthew W. Colman ◽  
Steven Gitelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Sarcoma ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Allograft Reconstruction ◽  
Cutting Guides ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Estimation of sinking velocities using free-falling dynamically scaled models: foraminifera as a test case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Walker ◽  
Stuart Humphries ◽  
Rudi Schuech
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Dynamic Scaling ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Settling Particles ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sinking Velocities ◽  
Free Falling

AbstractThe velocity of settling particles is an important determinant of distribution in extinct and extant species with passive dispersal mechanisms, such as plants, corals, and phytoplankton. Here we adapt dynamic scaling, borrowed from engineering, to determine settling velocities. Dynamic scaling leverages physical models with relevant dimensionless numbers matched to achieve similar dynamics to the original object. Previous studies have used flumes, wind tunnels, or towed models to examine fluid flows around objects with known velocities. Our novel application uses free-falling models to determine the unknown sinking velocities of planktonic foraminifera – organisms important to our understanding of the Earth’s current and historic climate. Using enlarged 3D printed models of microscopic foraminifera tests, sunk in viscous mineral oil to match their Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients, we predict sinking velocities of real tests in seawater. This method can be applied to study other settling particles such as plankton, spores, or seeds.Summary StatementWe developed a novel method to determine the sinking velocities of biologically important microscale particles using 3D printed scale models.

3D Printing of Medical Models: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjian Wei ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Zhijian Pei
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

Medical models are physical models of human or animal anatomical structures such as skull and heart. Such models are used in simulation and planning of complex surgeries. They can also be utilized for anatomy teaching in medical curriculum. Traditionally, medical models are fabricated by paraffin wax or silicone casting. However, this method is time-consuming, of low quality, and not suitable for personalization. Recently, 3D printing technologies are used to fabricate medical models. Various applications of 3D printed medical models in surgeries and anatomy teaching have been reported, and their advantages over traditional medical models have been well-documented. However, 3D printing of medical models bears some special challenges compared to industrial applications of 3D printing. This paper reviews more than 50 publications on 3D printing of medical models between 2006 and 2016, and discusses knowledge gaps and potential research directions in this field.

Using 3D printed physical models to monitor knowledge integration in biochemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Babilonia-Rosa ◽  
H. Kenny Kuo ◽  
Maria T. Oliver-Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Different Sources

Noncovalent interactions determine the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules and the binding interactions between molecules. Students struggle to understand noncovalent interactions and how they relate to structure–function relationships. Additionally, students’ difficulties translating from two-dimensional representations to three-dimensional representations add another layer of complexity found in macromolecules. Therefore, we developed instructional resources that use 3D physical models to target student understanding of noncovalent interactions of small molecules and macromolecules. To this effect, we monitored indicators of knowledge integration as evidenced in student-generated drawings. Analysis of the drawings revealed that students were able to incorporate relevant conceptual features into their drawings from different sources as well as present their understanding from different perspectives.

scholarly journals The Clinical Application of 3D-Printed Boluses in Superficial Tumor Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiran Wang ◽  
Xuetao Wang ◽  
Zhongzheng Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zeng ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
3D Printed

During the procedure of radiotherapy for superficial tumors, the key to treatment is to ensure that the skin surface receives an adequate radiation dose. However, due to the presence of the built-up effect of high-energy rays, equivalent tissue compensators (boluses) with appropriate thickness should be placed on the skin surface to increase the target radiation dose. Traditional boluses do not usually fit the skin perfectly. Wet gauze is variable in thickness day to day which results in air gaps between the skin and the bolus. These unwanted but avoidable air gaps lead to a decrease of the radiation dose in the target area and can have a poor effect on the outcome. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, a new rising technology named “additive manufacturing” (AM), could create physical models with specific shapes from digital information by using special materials. It has been favored in many fields because of its advantages, including less waste, low-cost, and individualized design. It is not an exception in the field of radiotherapy, personalized boluses made through 3D printing technology also make up for a number of shortcomings of the traditional commercial bolus. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have tried to use 3D-printed boluses for clinical applications rather than commercial boluses. Here, we review the 3D-printed bolus’s material selection and production process, its clinical applications, and potential radioactive dermatitis. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that still need to be addressed with the 3D-printed boluses.

scholarly journals Physical Visualization of Geospatial Datasets

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam Djavaherpour ◽  
Ali Mahdavi-Amiri ◽  
Faramarz Samavati
Keyword(s):  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
The Earth ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Geospatial Datasets ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Global Grid

Geospatial datasets are too complex to easily visualize and understand on a computer screen. Combining digital fabrication with a discrete global grid system (DGGS) can produce physical models of the Earth for visualizing multiresolution geospatial datasets. This proposed approach includes a mechanism for attaching a set of 3D printed segments to produce a scalable model of the Earth. The authors have produced two models that support the attachment of different datasets both in 2D and 3D format.

scholarly journals Stable hooks: biomechanics of heteromorph ammonoids with U-shaped body chambers

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
David J Peterman ◽  
Ryan Shell ◽  
Charles N Ciampaglio ◽  
Margaret M Yacobucci
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Adult Model ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant

ABSTRACT The biomechanics of uncoiled heteromorph ammonoids with body chambers that terminate in U-shaped hooks (ancylocones) were investigated with virtual and physical models of Audouliceras renauxianum. Virtual models were used to compute the hydrostatic properties of this morphotype. Audouliceras has the capacity for neutral buoyancy and this suggests that other taxa with similar proportions had this ability as well. Hydrostatic stability gradually increases during ontogeny, coincident with the larger degree of uncoiling. The juvenile planispiral stage has a similar stability and apertural orientation to the extant Nautilus. The adult stage, however, undergoes an increase in stability by a factor of over 3, while assuming an upward-facing posture. Counterintuitively, the stage during the formation of the shaft (before the growth of the U-shaped hook) is oriented horizontally. This intermediate stage would have had poor horizontal mobility due to the positioning of the hyponome below the centre of mass. The juvenile planispiral stage and mature stage, however, would have been well suited to horizontal backward movement with minimal rocking. Ancylocones are generally thought of as quasiplanktic vertical migrants. Thus, their relative horizontal swimming ability has been largely disregarded. Experiments on 3D printed, neutrally buoyant physical models reveal that hydrodynamic drag is indeed larger compared to Nautilus. However, Audouliceras could reach similar maximum horizontal velocities depending on the available thrust. Sepia-like thrusts yield velocities similar to equivalently sized Nautilus (c. 15 cm/s), while Nautilus-like thrusts yield velocities not much lower (c. 11 cm/s). Due to the hydrostatic properties of the ancylocone, the adult model undergoes less rocking (±4.5°) during movement than Nautilus (±10°). The minimal hydrodynamic consequences for ancylocones suggest that stability, orientation and directional efficiency are key selective pressures for some heteromorph shells, which may have primarily served as hydrostatic devices.

scholarly journals Fibula Graft Cutting Devices: Are 3D-Printed Cutting Guides More Precise than a Universal, Reusable Osteotomy Jig?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4119
Author(s):  
Simon Meyer ◽  
Jan-Michaél Hirsch ◽  
Christoph S. Leiggener ◽  
Bilal Msallem ◽  
Guido R. Sigron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Fibula Graft ◽  
Angle Deviation ◽  
Cutting Guides ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Jaw Defects

Individual cutting guides for the reconstruction of lower jaw defects with fibular grafts are often used. However, the application of these osteotomy tools is costly and time intensive. The aim of this study was to compare the precision of osteotomies using a 3D-printed guide with those using a universal, reusable, and more cost-efficient Multi-Use Cutting Jig (MUC-Jig). In this non-blinded experimental study, 10 cranio-maxillofacial surgeons performed four graft removals each in a randomized order using the same osteotomy angle, both proximally (sagittal cut) and distally (coronal cut), of a graft (45°, 30°, 15°, or 0°), first with the MUC-Jig then with the 3D-printed cutting guide. The 40 fibula transplants (Tx) of each method (n = 80) were then analyzed concerning their Tx length and osteotomy angles and compared to the original planning data. Furthermore, the surgeons’ subjective perception and the duration of the two procedures were analyzed. The mean relative length and mean relative angle deviation between the MUC-Jig (−0.08 ± 1.12 mm; −0.69° ± 3.15°) and the template (0.22 ± 0.90 mm; 0.36° ± 2.56°) group differed significantly (p = 0.002; p = < 0.001), but the absolute deviations did not (p = 0.206; p = 0.980). Consequently, clinically comparable osteotomy results can be achieved with both methods, but from an economic point of view the MUC-Jig is a more cost-efficient solution.

scholarly journals Novel Procedure for Designing and 3D Printing a Customized Surgical Template for Arthrodesis Surgery on the Sacrum

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Naddeo ◽  
Alessandro Naddeo ◽  
Nicola Cappetti ◽  
Emilio Cataldo ◽  
Riccardo Militio
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Surgical Template ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aided Design

In this article, the authors propose a novel procedure for designing a customized 3D-printed surgical template to guide surgeons in inserting screws into the sacral zone during arthrodesis surgeries. The template is characterized by two cylindrical guides defined by means of trajectories identified, based on standard procedure, via an appropriate Computer-Aided-Design (CAD)-based procedure. The procedure is based on the definition of the insertion direction by means of anatomical landmarks that enable the screws to take advantage of the maximum available bone path. After 3D printing, the template adheres perfectly to the bone surface, showing univocal positioning by exploiting the foramina of the sacrum, great maneuverability due to the presence of an ergonomic handle, as well as a break system for the two independent guides. These features make the product innovative. Thanks to its small size and the easy anchoring, the surgeon can simply position the template on the insertion area and directly insert the screws, without alterations to standard surgical procedures. This has the effect of reducing the overall duration of the surgery and the patient’s exposure to X-rays, and increasing both the safety of the intervention and the quality of the results.

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