Fabrication of Carbonate Apatite Cement as Endodontic Sealer

2017 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Cahyanto ◽  
Elfira Megasari ◽  
Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria ◽  
Nina Djustiana ◽  
Sunarso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
New Material ◽  
Apatite Cement ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

Carbonate Apatite (CO3Ap) cement has been widely used for bone substitute. It is known that CO3Ap crystals have the close composition to natural bone. It is expected that CO3Ap cement may play an essential role in endodontics treatment, particularly as an endodontic sealer due to its potential to obturate root canal system to a more hermetic and stable environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fabricate CO3Ap cement as a new material for endodontic sealer. The CO3Ap cement sealer was prepared by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), vaterite and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 containing 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and 32 µg thymoquinone, with liquid to powder ratio of 0.6. The set cement was incubated at 37°C under 100% relative humidity for 72 h. In this study, five compositions of powder ratio were prepared. The diametral tensile strength (DTS) evaluation indicated that CO3Ap cement made of 60% DCPA, 30% Vaterite and 10% Ca(OH)2 has the highest mechanical strength compared with the other compositions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the set cement with the highest DTS value indicated that CO3Ap crystals were successfully formed. The set cement with the highest DTS value showed the highest density compared with the other compositions evidenced from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In conclusion, the CO3Ap cement was successfully fabricated by mixing DCPA, vaterite and Ca(OH)2. The CO3Ap cement prepared from 60% DCPA, 30% Vaterite and 10% Ca(OH)2 demonstrated the highest DTS value compared with the other compositions.

The Evaluation of Setting Time and FTIR Spectroscopy of Carbonate Apatite Cement as Endodontic Sealer

2018 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfira Megasari ◽  
Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono ◽  
Richata Fadil ◽  
Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria ◽  
Sebastian Sunardhi Widyaputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Cement Sample ◽  
New Material ◽  
Apatite Cement ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Time Evaluation

The carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) cement as an endodontic sealer play an essential role for endodontics treatment due to its potential to obturate root canal system as one of the most important part in endodontic treatment. Moreover, the CO3Ap has probability of similarities with composition of root dentin. Recently, the setting time of commercial endodontic sealer has 4 hours to 1 day. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to evaluate setting time and to determine the functional group of the new material composition for endodontic sealer. CO3Ap cement sealer was prepared by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), vaterite and calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 containing 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and 32 μg thymoquinone, with liquid to powder ratio of 0.6. The setting time was evaluated by Vicat needle method as describe on modification ISO 1566 for zinc phosphate cement. Five compositions of powder ratio were prepared in this study. The set CO3Ap cement sample was evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to define the functional group of the sample. Setting time evaluation indicated that the average setting time of CO3Ap cement was 21 minutes of five compositions. The FTIR analyses revealed that the CO32- groups were detected, so the results could determine as B-type CO3Ap.The CO3Ap cement was considered fast setting as an endodontic sealer compared to sealers made from other base and proven to have similarities with the components of root dentin.

Basic Properties of Carbonate Apatite Cement Consisting of Vaterite and Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Cahyanto ◽  
Michito Maruta ◽  
Kanji Tsuru ◽  
Shigeki Matsuya ◽  
Ishikawa Kunio
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
Apatite Cement ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bone Apatite ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

The aim of the present study is to fabricate bone cement that could transform to carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) completely at body temperature. The powder phase of vaterite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) was mixed with 0.8 mol/L of NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and Na3PO4 aqueous solution, respectively, with liquid to powder ratio (L/P ratio) of 0.45, 0.55, and 0.65. The paste was packed into split stainless steel mold, covered with the glass slide and kept at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for up to 96 hours (h). XRD analysis revealed that the cement became pure CO3Ap within 24 h for Na3PO4, 72 h for Na2HPO4, and 96 h for NaH2PO4, respectively. FT-IR results showed that all of the obtained specimens could be assigned to B-type CO3Ap. CHN analysis showed the carbonate content of the specimen were 10.4 ± 0.3% for NaH2PO4, 11.3 ± 0.7% for Na2HPO4, and 11.8 ± 0.4% for Na3PO4, respectively. Diametral tensile strength of the set CO3Ap cement was 1.95 ± 0.42 MPa for NaH2PO4, 2.53 ± 0.53 MPa for Na2HPO4, and 3.45 ± 1.53 MPa for Na3PO4, respectively. The set CO3Ap cement had low crystallinity similar to bone apatite since it was synthesized at body temperature. We concluded, therefore, that CO3Ap cement prepared from the present method has higher possibility to be used as an ideal bone replacement.

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics Synthesized Using Planetary Ball Mill

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 486-490
Author(s):  
Shafiza Afzan Sharif ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
W.A.W. Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Planetary Ball Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Pzt Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, (PZT) ceramic was successfully prepared from the mixture of commercial PbO, TiO2and ZrO2powders using planetary ball mill at room temperature. The phase formation and microstructure of the milled powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). XRD results indicated that the perovskite phase of PZT was formed from the mixture of starting materials after milling for 40 h. The grain sizes of the powders have been estimated from the SEM images to be ~200 nm. The compacted PZT samples were then sintered at 950 °C for 1 h. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM, meanwhile the density was measured by Archimedes principle. XRD analysis on the sintered samples revealed the formation of single phase Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3ceramics while the SEM images estimated the grain size to be ~2 µm. The relative density of the obtained sintered PZT ceramics was measured to be approximately 99.93 % of the theoretical density. The results hence indicate that planetary ball mill is an effective preparatory technique to improve the sinterability of PZT ceramics.

The Preparation and Characterization of LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C by Spray-Drying and Low Temperature Reduction Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
Jia Feng Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
Xue Yi Guo ◽  
He Zhang Chen ◽  
Jian Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Low Temperature Reduction

The LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C was synthesized by spray-drying and low temperature reduction route using FePO4•2H2O as precursor, which was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method. The LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis and SEM images show that sample has the good ordered structure and spherical particle. The charge-discharge tests demonstrate that the powder has the better electrochemical properties, with an initial discharge capacity of 162.1 mAh•g−1 and 155.8 mAh•g−1 at current density of 0.1 C and 1C, respectively. The capacity retention reaches 99.4% after 100 cycles at 1C.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Eu3+ Doped NaYF4 and KYF4 Micro/Nanocrystals

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3857-3860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siling Guo ◽  
Chunyan Cao ◽  
Renping Cao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
The Eu

Through a hydrothermal method, 1 mol% Eu3+ doped NaYF4 and KYF4 micro/nanocrystals have been synthesized. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images, room temperature photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, and luminescent dynamic decay curves. The XRD analysis suggested the crystalline structures of the obtained samples. The FE-SEM images indicated the morphology and size of the obtained samples. The PL spectra illustrate the optical properties of Eu3+ in the two samples. Since it is sensitive to the local environment of the ion, the Eu3+ presents different optical properties in the NaYF4 and KYF4 materials.

scholarly journals Characterization of magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide prepared at high temperature calcination

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Ali Baig ◽  
Zimo Lou ◽  
Malik T. Hayat ◽  
Ruiqi Fu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
High Temperature Calcination

AbstractCalcination is considered to increase the hardness of composite material and prevent its breakage for the effective applications in environmental remediation. In this study, magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide was calcined at high temperature under nitrogen environment and characterized using various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed elimination of Fe3O4 peaks under nitrogen calcination and formation of Fe3Si and iron as major constituents of magnetic biochar-SiO2 composite, which demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior (>80 A2·kg−1) comparable to magnetic biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both calcined samples generated higher residual mass (>96 %) and demonstrated better thermal stability. The presence of various bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was more obvious and the elimination of H–O–H bonding was observed at high temperature calcination. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed certain morphological variation among the samples and the presence of more prominent internal and external pores, which then judged the surface area and pore volume of samples. Findings from this study suggests that the selective calcination process could cause useful changes in the material composites and can be effectively employed in environmental remediation measures.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic BiFeO3Nanofibrous Mats for Effective Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parmiss Mojir Shaibani ◽  
K. Prashanthi ◽  
Amirreza Sohrabi ◽  
Thomas Thundat
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Successful Production

One-dimensional BiFeO3(BFO) nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning of a solution of Nylon6/BFO followed by calcination were used for photocatalytic degradation of contaminants in water. The BFO fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images of the as-spun samples demonstrated the successful production of nanofibers and the SEM images of the samples after calcination confirmed the integrity of the continuous BFO nanofibers. XRD analysis indicated the dominant presence of BFO phase throughout the calcinated nanofibers. Photocatalytic activity of the nanofibers and their application in water purification were investigated against 4-chlorophenol (4CP) as a model water contaminant. The results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy show the degradation of the 4CP by means of the photocatalytic activity of the BFO nanofibers. The kinetics of the photodegradation of 4CP is believed to be governed by a pseudo-first-order kinetics model.

Effect of Time on the Fabrication of Bioresorbable Biphasic Granules of Gypsum-Carbonated Apatite for Paediatric Orthopaedic Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Syazana Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Farhana Hisham ◽  
Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Yazid Abdul Manaf ◽  
Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Paediatric Orthopaedic

A carbonated apatite (CO3Ap) has a closer chemical composition to the bone mineral which may be suit as an artificial bone substitute. In this study, the fabrication works of biphasic gypsum-carbonated apatite granules has been done through the phase transformation by carbonation and phosphorization of the gypsum granules. Gypsum also known as calcium sulphate dihydrate (CSD) granules was immersed into the 2 M of carbonate and phosphate salt solution at 50 °C and room temperature in variable time. The effect of time on the fabrication of biphasic granules were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD analysis was done to confirm the formation of gypsum and hydroxyapatite phases in the biphasic granules. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the formation of carbonate apatite was formed in these biphasic granules. The cross sectional morphology of the biphasic granules was observed using SEM. The compositional elucidation was quantitatively measured by CHN analysis to obtain the contents of CO3.Based on the results obtained, it is observed that the CSD was successfully transformed into carbonated apatite to form biphasic granules and time had influenced on the fabrication of these biphasic.

scholarly journals On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Di Sheng Lai ◽  
Azlin Fazlina Osman ◽  
Sinar Arzuria Adnan ◽  
Ismail Ibrahim ◽  
Awad A. Alrashdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Flexible Packaging ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Improved Performance

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler–matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.

scholarly journals Preparation of C4-silica Gels from Waste Glass and Tributylamine

POSITRON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Nelly Wahyuni ◽  
Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah ◽  
Mellisa N. Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Oxygen Bond ◽  
Sem Analyses

Waste glass materials coming from municipal and industrial processes have become a serious problem for the environment in the near future. Silica gels have been long attracting attention since it is widely used for many applications. It had also been studied by several fields because of its surface properties. In this study, semi-polar silica gels have been synthesized. C4-silica gels have been prepared by reaction between tributylamine (TBA) and silica gels produced from waste glass. The waste glass was powdered, soaked in NaOH, then heated at 400 oC to obtain sodium silicate. Silica gels were produced by neutralized the sodium silicate using HCl, dissolved in H2O, and dried in an oven at 80 oC. Silica gels were solubilized in TBA, stirred, and dried in the oven to obtain C4-silica gels. Silica gels were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while Infra Red (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to obtained C4-silica gels. XRD analysis of silica gels showed that the highest peak intensity was observed at 2θ = 22.655°. The band at 1381.03 cm-1 in the IR spectrum was attributed to the nitro-oxygen bond (N-O). SEM images showed that the surface of C4-silica gels was smoother and more flat than the previous silica gels.

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