Preparation of Crude Oil Flow Improver from Vegetable Oil and the Performance Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Jing Fang Xu ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Fa Wang Zhang ◽  
Da Chuang Wang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Tetraethylene Pentamine ◽  
Flow Improver

In this work, a series of hydroxylmethyl pentamine (HMPA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, tetraethylene pentamine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as a crude oil flow improver. The results showed that HMPAs have good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 5.4°C. Paraffin crystal morphology characterization was conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscosity reduction and pour point depression.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxymethyl Tetramides as Flow Improvers for Crude Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-488
Author(s):  
Xuefan Gu Xuefan Gu ◽  
Peng Wang Peng Wang ◽  
Zhen Guo Zhen Guo ◽  
Weichao Du Weichao Du ◽  
Sanbao Dong Sanbao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Viscosity Reducer ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Morphology Characterization

In this work, a series of hydroxymethyl tetramide (HMTEA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, triacetylenetetramine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as viscosity reducer and pour point depressor for crude oil. The results showed that HMTE has a good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 6.5℃. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology characterization were conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscosity reduction and pour point depression.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Alkyl Aliphatic Hydrazine and Application in Crude Oil as Flow Improvers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4703
Author(s):  
Qiang Deng ◽  
Michal Slaný ◽  
Huani Zhang ◽  
Xuefan Gu ◽  
Yong-Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Viscosity Reducer ◽  
Oilfield Chemicals ◽  
Long Alkyl Chain

In this paper, alkyl aliphatic hydrazine, which is different from traditional polymer fluidity improver, was synthesized from aliphatic hydrazine and cetane bromide, and evaluated as a pour point and viscosity-reducer depressant for crude oil. The evaluation results showed that alkyl aliphatic hydrazone fully reduced the pour point and viscosity of crude oil with the increase of crude oil fluidity. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Jinghe oilfield was 79.6%, and the pour point was reduced by about 11.3 °C. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Xinjiang Oilfield was 74.7%, and the pour point was reduced by 8.0 °C. The long alkyl chain is beneficial to the eutectic of wax in crude oil, and the polar group inhibits the crystal growth, resulting in the decrease of pour point and viscosity. The waste oil is fully recycled into oilfield chemicals.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Efficient Oil Displacement System for Middle-Low Permeability and High Pour-Point Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhenfu Ma ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Mengjie Zhao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Chao Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Displacement System

In view of the problems of low permeability, high oil viscosity and freezing point, and low productivity of single well in Luo 321 and Luo 36 blocks of Luojia Oilfield, the chemical viscosity-reducing cold production technology was studied. By analyzing the properties of crude oil, it is concluded that the reason for high viscosity and high freezing point is the high content of asphaltene, pectin, and wax. The viscosity is mainly affected by asphaltene; the wax precipitation point and pour point are mainly affected by the wax; and the solidification point is affected by the wax and asphaltene. The treatment idea of reducing viscosity and inhibiting wax is determined. By compounding the synthetic pour point depressant POA-VA and the viscosity reducer DBD-DOPAMA, the effect of reducing the viscosity and freezing point of crude oil was evaluated. PD-7 (POA-VA 40%, DBD-DOPAMA 50%, and P-10C 10%) system was selected as the optimal formula. When the concentration of the system is 10%, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 95.2%; the freezing point can reduce by 10.2°C; it has good oil sample adaptability, salinity resistance, and temperature resistance; and the oil washing rate can reach more than 60%. The oil displacement system was injected into the formation by means of multiconcentration and multislug and was applied in the field of Luo 321-2 Well. A total of 500 t of the oil displacement system was injected, and the effect of measures lasted for 400 days, with a cumulative oil increase of 883 t. It has been applied in different blocks 30 times and achieved a good field application effect.

scholarly journals Effect of nano pour point depressant on the flow properties of the waxy crude oil from Changqing Oilfield

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Huatao Wen ◽  
Songzhao Zhang ◽  
Yubo Lian ◽  
Zhiguang Zhao ◽  
Weibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with alkyl amidopropyl diethanolamine to obtain a nano pour point depressant (GO-PPD), which was used to improve the flowability of the waxy oil extracted from Changqing Oilfield, China. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and viscometer were employed to evaluate the performance of the GOPPD. The results showed that compared with traditional pour point depressant (PPD), the GO-PPD exhibited higher performance in promoting the flowability of waxy crude oil. With the presence of 500 mg/kg GO-PPD in the waxy crude oil, the pour point of which could be reduced by 5.5 °C. Also, with the presence of 500 mg/kg GO-PPD, the viscosity reduction rate of the waxy crude oil can reach up to 52% at 30 °C. Through the observation via polarized microscopy, we have also found that with the introduction of GO-PPD in the crude oil, the formation of the wax crystals can be greatly retarded. This confirmed that the graphene oxide derivates could also be served as PPD, which facilitates the flowability of certain crude oil (e.g., waxy crude oil from Changqing Oilfield).

Experimental Investigation of Rheological Behaviors and Flow Improving by Chemical for Waxy Crude Oils

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Jing ◽  
Zhongyuan Guan ◽  
Xiaoqin Xiong ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Liwen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Waxy Crude Oils ◽  
Flow Improver ◽  
Wax Crystals

It has been proved that the flow improver makes the transportation of waxy crude oils in pipeline much more economic and safe, but so far an universal flow improver for various waxy crude oils has not been found because of inadequately understanding the action mechanism of the flow improvers. Therefore it is necessary for the mechanism to be studied further. A series of synthetic waxy oils (SWOs) with or without flow improver GY1, a long chain alkyl acrylate polymer based chemical, are prepared from 25# transformer oil, 50#, 60# (macrocrystalline) and 80# (microcrystalline) wax, single or mixed, and in some cases 60# road asphalt by mixing the ingredients at 100°C for 1 hour. Characteristic temperatures, viscosity-temperature properties and rheological behaviors are studied by using rheological techniques, and microstructures of wax crystals grown from SWOs at 20 °C are analyzed by using a polarization microscopy. Some abnormal viscosity-temperature properties of SWOs are found, which mainly results from wax crystallization and network structure formed by wax crystals. The mechanisms involved in the structure formation and fluidity improved by chemical for SWOs are discussed here. Studies show that the structure formation is followed by the formation of crystal nuclei, growth and interconnection or bridging of the wax crystal particles, which is closely relevant to wax molecular dimension and content, crystalline particle size, shape, concentration and surface characteristics. GY1 added into the SWOs lowers their cloud points by 0–2.0 °C and enhances the amounts of wax precipitated at 30 °C by 10–35wt%, which might not be involved in the mechanisms of the fluidity improving under this study. The extent of pour point depression by GY1 increases with increasing the wax molecular size and decreasing the wax content in the SWOs. As long as the SWO treated by GY1 has a greater yield stress reduction at the temperature closed to its pour point, its viscosity and pour point reduction will be more obvious. The common shortcut of pour point depression and viscosity reduction is to inhibit or desintegrate the formation of paraffin crystal network. The mechanisms involved in fluidity improvement of waxy crude oils by chemicals include modifying surface properties of waxy crystals and promoting crystal particle growth with higher symmetry.

New Heavy Crude Oil Flow Improver Increases Production: Application Scenarios

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Reid Dreher ◽  
Ray Johnston ◽  
Peter Lauzon ◽  
Joey Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
New Class ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Flow Improver

As worldwide heavy crude oil production increases, pipelines are faced with challenges to transport these higher viscosity fluids. Historically, heavy crude oil has been a challenge for existing commercially available DRAs. As crude oil gravities fall below ∼23 °API, existing DRAs become ineffective. ConocoPhillips Specialty Products Inc. (CSPI) developed a new class of DRAs to address this need. CSPI’s new heavy crude oil DRA technology, ExtremePower™ Flow Improvers, is proven to increase deliveries of produced heavy crude oil to market. In this paper we will discuss the mechanism of drag reduction, how a heavy crude oil DRA works, and two scenarios in which value is created by utilizing the product.

scholarly journals Effect of bio-based flow improver on the microscopic and low-temperature flow properties of waxy crude oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-724
Author(s):  
William Iheanyi Eke ◽  
Sampson Kofi Kyei ◽  
Joseph Ajienka ◽  
Onyewuchi Akaranta
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Feret Diameter ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Flow Improver ◽  
Wax Crystals

AbstractWax formation creates flow assurance problems in the production and transportation of waxy crude oil. Flow improvers are added to waxy crude in order to reduce handling cost. Bio-based flow improvers derived from cheap renewable resources are attractive as cost-effective, eco-friendly alternatives to the conventional additives. Natural cashew nut shell liquid extracted from waste biomass (Anacardium occidentale shells) was derivatized and applied as flow improver for waxy crude oil. Effect of the additive on wax formation in crude oil was studied by cross-polarized microscopy, while the change in oil flow properties was evaluated using a rotational coaxial cylinder viscometer. Micrographs of the waxy crude were processed and analyzed with image J software. The microscopic properties of the wax crystals were characterized using Feret diameter, crystal area, aspect ratio, circularity, solidity and boundary fractal dimension. The pour point of doped crude oil was depressed by − 18 °C and the wax area fraction reduced by 40% due to wax inhibitive effect of the additive. The presence of the additive resulted in evolution of smaller, rounder and more regular wax crystals with smoother and more even surfaces indicated by reduction in the Feret diameter, aspect ratio and boundary fractal dimension of wax crystals in doped oil, and an increase in crystal circularity and solidity. The shear stress and viscosity of doped oil were reduced by 86.8% and 85.0%, respectively. The flow improvement effect of the CNSL derivative is linked to its effect on morphology and microstructure of wax crystals in the crude oil.

scholarly journals Klasifikasi dan Identifikasi Material terhadap Pengendapan Wax pada Sumur Minyak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-049
Author(s):  
Aries Prasetyo ◽  
Sudono Sudono
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Wax Deposits

The problem in Indonesia, especially for piping problems are generally caused by blockages that interfere with the flow process, these blockages are formed due to the presence of scales or minerals deposited to the pipe wall. Scale formation is due to the alteration of the physical properties of the oil including pour point, viscosity or others. Many technological breakthroughs developed to overcome this problem are with the addition of hot water, the injection of chemical fluids dispersant into crude oil, which serves to lower the pour point of the crude oil that will be in production or use surfactant as inhibitors so that the inner pipe wall will be water wet which can prevent the occurrence of wax deposition on the pipe surface. In subsequent developments the researchers will review by replacing or adding pipe materials with certain materials that are able to inhibit the processing of wax deposits in the pipe walls. By classifying and identifying materials that are able to inhibit the formation of wax on the pipe, it is expected to estimate the design of the pipe string so as not to form wax deposits, such as predicting wax formed at the distance So that the material application can be optimal. Verification of data on tubing will result in supporting data for the determination of the crude oil flow rate with an Excel plot used to determine the rate of wax deposition in tubing. With some selected material is expected researchers are able to determine the best material to handle the problem of wax deposits.

Development of pour point depressants for crude oil and study of their properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
K.I. Matiev ◽  
◽  
A.M. Samedov ◽  
F.M. Akhmedov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Depressant Additive ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Pour Point Depressants

A pour point depressant additive has been developed to reduce the pour point of paraffinic oils. The depressant contains a (non-ionic) surfactant, a depressant component and a solvent. The depressor properties of the developed compositions have been studied. It has been established that while adding the compositions to the oil mixture, at a concentration of 0.02% wt. the pour point decreases from +31 oC to -3 - +7 оС, and at a concentration of 0.04% wt. up to -5- + 4 оС. Under the effect of the developed compositions the oil viscosity at + 35 оС decreases from 46.3 mPa·s to 22.1-27.7 mPa·s, and at + 40 °C - from 38.2 mPa·s to 16.6-21.6 mPa·s. Viscosity reduction performance at the indicated temperatures are 40.2-51.6% and 43.5-56.5%, respectively. Compositions 8, 14 and 17 exhibit higher depressor properties.

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