Synthesis of Alkyl Aliphatic Hydrazine and Application in Crude Oil as Flow Improvers

In this paper, alkyl aliphatic hydrazine, which is different from traditional polymer fluidity improver, was synthesized from aliphatic hydrazine and cetane bromide, and evaluated as a pour point and viscosity-reducer depressant for crude oil. The evaluation results showed that alkyl aliphatic hydrazone fully reduced the pour point and viscosity of crude oil with the increase of crude oil fluidity. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Jinghe oilfield was 79.6%, and the pour point was reduced by about 11.3 °C. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in Xinjiang Oilfield was 74.7%, and the pour point was reduced by 8.0 °C. The long alkyl chain is beneficial to the eutectic of wax in crude oil, and the polar group inhibits the crystal growth, resulting in the decrease of pour point and viscosity. The waste oil is fully recycled into oilfield chemicals.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxymethyl Tetramides as Flow Improvers for Crude Oil

Journal of the chemical society of pakistan ◽

10.52568/000658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 488-488

Author(s):

Xuefan Gu Xuefan Gu ◽

Peng Wang Peng Wang ◽

Zhen Guo Zhen Guo ◽

Weichao Du Weichao Du ◽

Sanbao Dong Sanbao Dong

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Crystal Morphology ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Point Reduction ◽

Viscosity Reducer ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Morphology Characterization

In this work, a series of hydroxymethyl tetramide (HMTEA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, triacetylenetetramine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as viscosity reducer and pour point depressor for crude oil. The results showed that HMTE has a good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 6.5℃. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology characterization were conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscosity reduction and pour point depression.

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Development and Application of Efficient Oil Displacement System for Middle-Low Permeability and High Pour-Point Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/3046584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zhenfu Ma ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Mengjie Zhao ◽

Lu Liu ◽

Chao Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Field Application ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Oil Displacement ◽

Displacement System

In view of the problems of low permeability, high oil viscosity and freezing point, and low productivity of single well in Luo 321 and Luo 36 blocks of Luojia Oilfield, the chemical viscosity-reducing cold production technology was studied. By analyzing the properties of crude oil, it is concluded that the reason for high viscosity and high freezing point is the high content of asphaltene, pectin, and wax. The viscosity is mainly affected by asphaltene; the wax precipitation point and pour point are mainly affected by the wax; and the solidification point is affected by the wax and asphaltene. The treatment idea of reducing viscosity and inhibiting wax is determined. By compounding the synthetic pour point depressant POA-VA and the viscosity reducer DBD-DOPAMA, the effect of reducing the viscosity and freezing point of crude oil was evaluated. PD-7 (POA-VA 40%, DBD-DOPAMA 50%, and P-10C 10%) system was selected as the optimal formula. When the concentration of the system is 10%, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 95.2%; the freezing point can reduce by 10.2°C; it has good oil sample adaptability, salinity resistance, and temperature resistance; and the oil washing rate can reach more than 60%. The oil displacement system was injected into the formation by means of multiconcentration and multislug and was applied in the field of Luo 321-2 Well. A total of 500 t of the oil displacement system was injected, and the effect of measures lasted for 400 days, with a cumulative oil increase of 883 t. It has been applied in different blocks 30 times and achieved a good field application effect.

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Preparation of Crude Oil Flow Improver from Vegetable Oil and the Performance Evaluation

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.226 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 226-231

Author(s):

Jing Fang Xu ◽

Zhen Guo ◽

Fa Wang Zhang ◽

Da Chuang Wang ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Point Reduction ◽

Oil Flow ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Tetraethylene Pentamine ◽

Flow Improver

In this work, a series of hydroxylmethyl pentamine (HMPA) was synthesized from vegetable oil, tetraethylene pentamine and hexamethylenetetramine, which was evaluated as a crude oil flow improver. The results showed that HMPAs have good viscosity reduction effect on the crude oil from Yanchang Oilfield, with the highest viscosity reduction rate of 93%. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 5.4°C. Paraffin crystal morphology characterization was conducted on the crude oil to elucidate the mechanism of viscosity reduction and pour point depression.

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Effect of nano pour point depressant on the flow properties of the waxy crude oil from Changqing Oilfield

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132901050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 329 ◽

pp. 01050

Author(s):

Huatao Wen ◽

Songzhao Zhang ◽

Yubo Lian ◽

Zhiguang Zhao ◽

Weibo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Waxy Crude Oil ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Waxy Crude ◽

Point Depressant

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with alkyl amidopropyl diethanolamine to obtain a nano pour point depressant (GO-PPD), which was used to improve the flowability of the waxy oil extracted from Changqing Oilfield, China. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and viscometer were employed to evaluate the performance of the GOPPD. The results showed that compared with traditional pour point depressant (PPD), the GO-PPD exhibited higher performance in promoting the flowability of waxy crude oil. With the presence of 500 mg/kg GO-PPD in the waxy crude oil, the pour point of which could be reduced by 5.5 °C. Also, with the presence of 500 mg/kg GO-PPD, the viscosity reduction rate of the waxy crude oil can reach up to 52% at 30 °C. Through the observation via polarized microscopy, we have also found that with the introduction of GO-PPD in the crude oil, the formation of the wax crystals can be greatly retarded. This confirmed that the graphene oxide derivates could also be served as PPD, which facilitates the flowability of certain crude oil (e.g., waxy crude oil from Changqing Oilfield).

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Research and existing problems of pour point depressant/viscosity reducer for crude oil production

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 479 ◽

pp. 012062

Author(s):

F S Zhang ◽

G L Liu ◽

X N Li ◽

Z Y Zhu ◽

H M Su

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Oil Production ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Point Depressant ◽

Crude Oil Production ◽

Viscosity Reducer

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Study on Consist Property of High Wax and Super-Viscous Crude Oil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 1062-1066

Author(s):

Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Polar Group ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Form Hydrogen Bond ◽

Polar Groups ◽

Key Factor ◽

Wax Crystal

The consist property analysis of Daqing and Nile-Oman high wax crude oil and Liaohe super-viscous crude oil was carried on in the paper. The result showed the key factor of high wax crude oil pour point increasing lies in the wax crystal forming and growing and agglomerating at low temperature. The reason of high viscosity of Liaohe super-viscous crude oil has correlation to the high nitrogen polar group weight. The polar groups can form hydrogen bond to make adhesion stronger. At the same time, the crude oil flowing was restrained by increase the macromolecule connection agglomeration in crude oil. The analysis of resin wax ratio of crude oil showed the better viscosity decline effect was appeared only in the condition of resin wax ratio was appropriate.

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Development of pour point depressants for crude oil and study of their properties

Proceedings of OilGasScientificResearchProjects Institute SOCAR ◽

10.5510/ogp20210100485 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

K.I. Matiev ◽

◽

A.M. Samedov ◽

F.M. Akhmedov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Depressant Additive ◽

Point Depressant ◽

Pour Point Depressants

A pour point depressant additive has been developed to reduce the pour point of paraffinic oils. The depressant contains a (non-ionic) surfactant, a depressant component and a solvent. The depressor properties of the developed compositions have been studied. It has been established that while adding the compositions to the oil mixture, at a concentration of 0.02% wt. the pour point decreases from +31 oC to -3 - +7 оС, and at a concentration of 0.04% wt. up to -5- + 4 оС. Under the effect of the developed compositions the oil viscosity at + 35 оС decreases from 46.3 mPa·s to 22.1-27.7 mPa·s, and at + 40 °C - from 38.2 mPa·s to 16.6-21.6 mPa·s. Viscosity reduction performance at the indicated temperatures are 40.2-51.6% and 43.5-56.5%, respectively. Compositions 8, 14 and 17 exhibit higher depressor properties.

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Study on Viscosity Reducer Flooding Technology for Deep Low Permeability Extra Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2021/5597520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xiaopeng Cao ◽

Zupeng Liu ◽

Yong Yang ◽

Shiming Zhang ◽

Yahui Bu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Thermal Recovery ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Oil Reservoir ◽

Viscosity Reducer ◽

Heavy Oil Reservoir

Deep low permeability extra heavy oil reservoir has the characteristics of high formation pressure, high crude oil viscosity, and low permeability. Conventional steam injection thermal recovery has poor viscosity reduction performance and low productivity of a single well, which makes it difficult to develop this type of heavy oil reservoir. In this paper, core flooding experiment and microvisualization equipment were used to study the mechanism of improving the recovery of deep extra heavy oil by using water-soluble viscosity reducer; the realization of water-soluble viscosity reducer in numerical simulation was achieved by using nonlinear mixing rule; the reservoir numerical simulation model of water-soluble viscosity reducer displacement in test well group was established to optimize the development technical parameter of water-soluble viscosity reducer. The results show that compared with waterflooding, the oil displacement efficiency of water-soluble viscosity reducer is increased by 12.7%; water-soluble viscosity reducer can effectively reduce the viscosity of extra heavy oil, under the same temperature and permeability, the higher the concentration of viscosity reducer, the better the viscosity reduction effect, and the smaller the pressure gradient required at the same injection rate; the main mechanism of water-soluble viscosity reducer for enhancing oil recovery is to form oil in water emulsion, which can reduce the viscosity and interfacial tension of crude oil and reduce the residual oil saturation; in the pilot well group, the optimized injection concentration of water-soluble viscosity reducer is 3%, and the optimal injection amount of water-soluble viscosity reducer solution is 50 t/d; water-soluble viscosity reducer displacement was implemented in the pilot well group, the average daily oil of well group was increased from 1.8 t/d to 7.34 t/d, and the pilot well group has achieved good development performance.

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Effect of a rapeseed oil derived pour point depressant on the flow properties of the waxy oil from Changqing Oilfield

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132901051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 329 ◽

pp. 01051

Author(s):

Yongzhen Wang ◽

Guibin Liu ◽

Xiaoyu Zhou ◽

Qingzhu Zhng ◽

Wei Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pour Point ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Viscosity Reduction ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Waxy Oil ◽

Point Depressant ◽

Wax Crystals

In this paper, rapeseed oil was modified with diethylenetriamine to obtain a vegetable oil-derived pour point depressant (PPD), which was used to reduce the pour point and improve the flowability of the crude oil (from Changqing Oilfield), which has a high content of paraffin. Various instruments such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and a viscometer were used to investigate the performance of the PPD. The results showed that with the introduction of PPD into the waxy oil sample, the pour point of which could be significantly lowered from 20.0 °C to 13.2 °C. At 23 °C, the viscosity reduction rate of the oil sample was 68% in the presence of 500 mg/kg PPD. The wax morphology observation also confirmed that the formation and growth of the wax crystals could be significantly delayed and restrained. The results supported that the PPD synthesized in this paper could effectively improve the flowability of the waxy oil from Changqing Oilfield.

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