Effect of Carbon Synthesized from Durian Bark on Properties of Natural Rubber Composite Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 876 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai ◽  
Jinjuta Owakusumsirisakul ◽  
Wuttinun Khamloet ◽  
Pattarawan Nungjumnong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Natural rubber foam is used in industries as a gasket and insulation product. Dimensional expansion of specimen is the crucial problem of rubber foam specimen, especially in the automotive parts assembly. This work aims to understand the behavior of natural rubber foam (NRF)/carbon composites on microstructure and properties of NRF before being used. Carbon was synthesized from durian bark which was the agricultural waste that had the potential for using as reinforcing filler. The result showed the fast sulfur vulcanization rate with small bubble size at high amount of carbon. In addition, the young modulus of NRF/carbon composites increased with increasing carbon content.

Effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation, cure characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of NRF/carbon composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2097954
Author(s):  
Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai ◽  
Wutthinun Khamloet ◽  
Pattharawun Nungjumnong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Carbon Allotropes ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Rubber Composite

Natural rubber composite foam with carbon such as carbon black (CB), carbon synthesized from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was studied in this work to investigate the relationship between foam formation during decomposition of chemical blowing agent mechanism and crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulphur. Natural rubber composite foam with carbon particle was set at 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) to observe the effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation with different microstructure and properties of natural rubber composite foam. The balancing of crosslink reaction by sulphur molecules during foam formation by the decomposition of chemical blowing agent affects the different morphology of natural rubber foam/carbon composites leading to the different mechanical and thermal properties. The result showed the fastest cure characteristics of natural rubber foam with 3 phr of graphene (NRF-GPE3) which was completely cure within 6.55 minutes (tc90) measured by moving die rheometer resulting in the smallest bubble diameter among other formulas. Moreover, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of MWCNT (NRF-MWCNT3) had the highest modulus (0.0035 ± 0.0005 N/m2) due to the small bubble size with high bulk density. In addition, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GPT (NRF-GPT3) had the highest thermal expansion coefficient (282.12 ± 69 ppm/K) due to high amount of gas bubbles inside natural rubber foam matrix and natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GO (NRF-GO3) displayed the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0798 ± 0.0003 W/m.K) which was lower value than natural rubber foam without carbon filler (NRF). This might be caused by the effect of bubble diameter and bulk density as well as the defect on surface of graphene oxide compared to others carbon filler.

scholarly journals Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2318
Author(s):  
Sung-Hun Lee ◽  
Su-Yeol Park ◽  
Kyungho Chung ◽  
Keon-Soo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
New Class ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Enhanced Properties

Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.

Solar reflectance, surface adhesion, and thermal conductivity of wood/natural rubber composite sheet with Tio2/polyurethane topcoat for roofing applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natita Hamaviriyapornwattana ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Apisit Kositchaiyong ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Composite Sheet ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Rubber Composite

Electromechanical-Conductive Natural Rubber Doped Eggshell and Eggshell Membrane for Drug Delivery and Actuator Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Poramin Boonprasert ◽  
Nuchnapa Tangboriboon
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Eggshell Membrane ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Biomimetic Actuator

Natural rubber composite materials were prepared by using sulfur curing system of STR 5L added with hen eggshell and eggshell membrane to increase electrical and mechanical properties for biomimetic actuator and artificial muscle applications. Samples were vulcanized at temperature 150°C. Hen eggshells and eggshell membrane powder (0, 20, 40, and 60 phr) were added into natural rubber. The main composition of hen eggshells composed of 96.35 wt% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) while mostly composition of hen eggshell membrane is fibrous protein in terms of collagen. The best condition is addition of eggshell 40 phr (formula 3) and eggshell membrane 20 phr (formula 5) to obtain the highest storage modulus response equal to 2.85 x 106 and 2.97 x106 Pa, respectively. The curing time (Tc90) of pure natural rubber (formula 1), formula 3, and formula 5 are 8.22, 6.73, and 5.67 min, respectively. Furthermore, the curing time, rheology, and electrical field response of natural rubber composite materials were measured by moving die rheometer and impedance analyzer, and reported here.

Effect of Bio-Fibrils Incorporating with TiO2 on the Properties of Natural Rubber Foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Seerod ◽  
Jantaravan Sangjumpa ◽  
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Universal Testing

In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was pretreated and bleached with 2.5 M NaOH at 80°C for 8 h and ClNaO for 12 h, respectively. Then it was hydrolyzed in the acid mixture of 5%wt. C2H2O4 and 48%wt. H2SO4 for 24 h. The obtained bio-fibrils and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were filled into the natural rubber latex (NRL) with the help of vulcanizing agent, antioxidant, accelerators, curing agent and gelling agent to get the resulted natural rubber (NR) foams. The morphology properties and physical properties of all foam samples were checked by using scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine, respectively. The properties of EFB fibers and bio-fibrils were also compared. The density of prepared foams was found out. Resulted showed that the bio-fibrils have the smooth surface with smaller size than BFB fibers. Addition of these bio-fibrils and TiO2 particles into NRL latex contributed the significant improvement of density and physical strength of the resulted foams. The composite foam containing 1.0 phr of bio-fibrils and 2.5 phr of TiO2 had the highest value of density and tensile stress.

Utilization of oil palm ash as an reinforcing filler in natural rubber biocomposites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutarat Malawet ◽  
Methakarn Jarnthong ◽  
Punyanich Intharapat ◽  
Lusheng Liao ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Surface Modification of Starch and its Application in Rubber Composite with Low Heat Generation and High Fatigue Resistant

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2409-2414
Author(s):  
Qing Hong Fang ◽  
Tian Yu Li ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Li Jun Jin ◽  
Yue Liang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Ether Ester ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

The surface modification of corn starch and the use of modified starch as reinforcing filler partly replaced carbon black in rubber composites were studied. The surface of starch was modified with 3, 4-2H-dihydropyran and maleic anhydride by grafting reaction in organic solution, that is, the process of etherification and the esterification of the starch. The structure of the ether ester starch was investigated by FTIR, SEM. Based on the results of the mechanical and heat building up properties of composite, it is showed that using modified starch as reinforcement filler filled into the rubber partly replaced CB, the characteristics of high flex life and low heat building up for composite can be obtained.

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