The Application of Ethyl A-Cyanoacrylate in the Early Stage of Geological Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1026 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Li Jian ◽  
Liu Shuang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Slide Surface

In recent years, the oil field chemical A-cyanoacrylate mixed adhesive has been used in rock preparation and preparation to a certain extent, and its role has been paid more and more attention due to the solidification of the rock surface in the rock thin section, the early embedding of the rock, and the adhesion of the thin side of the rock to the slide surface, etc. This paper introduces the preparation and application development of a-cyanoacrylate mixed adhesive in geological experiment, and the development of a-cyanoacrylate mixed adhesive in oilfield geological experiment.

scholarly journals The polymerization of actin: II. how nonfilamentous actin becomes nonrandomly distributed in sperm: evidence for the association of this actin with membranes

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Vacuole Membrane ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Basal Half

At an early stage in spermiogenesis the acrosomal vacuole and other organelles including ribosomes are located at the basal end of the cell. From here actin must be transported to its future location at the anterior end of the cell. At no stage in the accumulation of actin in the periacrosomal region is the actin sequestered in a membrane-bounded compartment such as a vacuole or vesicle. Since filaments are not present in the periacrosomal region during the accumulation of the actin even though the fixation of these cells is sufficiently good to distinguish actin filaments in thin section, the actin must accumulate in the nonfilamentous state. The membranes in the periacrosomal region, specifically a portion of the nuclear envelope and the basal half of the acrosomal vacuole membrane, become specialized morphologically in advance of the accumulation of actin in this region. My working hypothesis is that the actin in combination with other substances binds to these specialized membranes and to itself and thus can accumulate in the periacrosmoal region by being trapped on these specialized membranes. Diffusion would then be sufficient to move these substances to this region. In support of this hypothesis are experiments in which I treated mature sperm with detergents, glycols, and hypotonic media, which solubilize or lift away the plasma membrane. The actin and its associated proteins remain attached to these specialized membranes. Thus actin can be nonrandomly distributed in cells in a nonfilamentous state presumably by its association with specialized membranes.

Evaluating the well integrity of old exploration wells as a risk factor for future storage projects – an example from the Troll field in the Norwegian North Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Dupuy ◽  
Benjamin Emmel ◽  
Simone Zonetti
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Work Done

<p>More than 750 wildcat wells have been drilled in the Norwegian North Sea since 1966. Some of these wells could pose a risk for the environment, climate, and future H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> storage projects by being preferred leakage paths for subsurface- and stored- gases (e.g., CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2 </sub>and/or H<sub>2</sub>). To ensure well integrity, these wells were secured by cement framing the well casing, and by building cement plugs at crucial positions in the well path before abandoning the well. However, in an early stage of exploration the geology of the subsurface was relatively uncertain, and the requirements for plug placing and how to abandon a well were not established and regulated. We analysed data relevant for the quality of a Plugging and Abandonment (P&A) work done on old exploration wells (1979 to 2003) from the Troll gas and oil field in the Norwegian North Sea. The data were extracted from public available well completion reports and the webpage of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. The dataset was analysed regarding their availability, plausibility and evaluated towards the present P&A regulations and geological knowledge for offshore Norway. Based on 12 criteria including reporting to the authorities, volumetric assessment of used cement quantities, position and length of the plugs in relation to reservoir- cap-rocks petrophysical conditions, and verification of the cementing job, a final P&A ranking of 31 exploration wells was established.</p><p>Parts of this data were used to build realistic numerical models of P&A'ed well to simulate electromagnetic responses using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics. Taking advantage of a dedicated implementation of low frequency ElectroMagnetics (EM), including effective formulations for thin electrical layers, it was possible to study the response of well components to external EM fields, both for the purpose of well detection and well monitoring. Results from the numerical models can be used as benchmark models in a realistic field scale well integrity monitoring approach.</p><p>In our presentation we will show results from the TOPHOLE project including realistic field distributions for different representative well configurations, examples of well detection and monitoring signals, and the ranking evaluation results.</p><p>Acknowledgments: This work is performed with support from the Research Council of Norway (TOPHOLE project Petromaks2-KPN 295132) and the NCCS Centre (NFR project number 257579/E20).</p>

scholarly journals Anticipated Security Model for Session Transfer and Services Using OTP

2019 ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
J. Jose Merlin ◽  
A. Prathipa ◽  
G. Ramyadevi ◽  
P. Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Browser Security

Internet security is a branch of computer sciences often involving browser security, network security, applications and operating systems to keep the internet as a secure channel to exchange information by reducing the risk and attacks. There are a number of studies that have been conducted in this field resulting in the development of various security models to achieve internet security. However, periodic security reports and previous studies prove that the most secure systems are not immune from risk and much effort is needed to improve internet security. This paper proposed a simple security model to improve internet applications security and services protections, specified access control, cryptographic, cookies and session managements, defense programing practices, care for security from early stage on development life cycle, use hardware authentication techniques in access control, then propose cryptographic approach by mix MD5 with Based64, consider session and cookies types and ways to keep it secure. Additionally, these practices discussed the most important web security vulnerability and access control weakness and how to overcome such weaknesses, proposed an approach to measure, analyze and evaluate security project according to software quality standard ISO 25010 by using Liker scale, finally ended by case study. The effort of this paper represents a set of techniques and tips that should be applied within each web application development process to maintain its security.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Smart Water to Enhance Oil Recovery Efficiency in a Part of Oil Field of Upper Assam Basin, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Original Oil In Place ◽  
Brine Salinity ◽  
Secondary Mode

Researchers have proved the significance of water injection by tuning its composition and salinity into the reservoir during smart water flooding. Once the smart water invades through the pore spaces, it destabilises crude oil-brine-rock (COBR) that leads to change in wettability of the reservoir rocks. During hydrocarbon accumulation and migration, polar organic compounds were being adsorbed on the rock surface making the reservoir oil/mixed wet in nature. Upon invasion of smart water, due to detachment of polar compounds from the rock surfaces, the wettability changes from oil/mixed wet to water wet thus enhances the oil recovery efficiency. The objective of this paper is to find optimum salinity and ionic composition of the synthetic brines at which maximum oil recovery would be observed. Three core flood studies have been conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effect of pH, composition and salinity of the injected brine over oil recovery. Every time, flooding has been conducted at reservoir formation brine salinity i.e at 1400 ppm followed by different salinities. Here, tertiary mode of flooding has been carried out for two core samples while secondary flooding for one. Results showed maximum oil recovery by 40.12% of original oil in place (OOIP) at 1050ppm brine salinity at secondary mode of flooding. So, optimized smart water has been proposed with 03 major salts, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 in secondary mode of flooding that showed maximum oil recovery in terms of original oil in place.

Section II

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Ernst Daniel Thoutenhoofd
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
British Sign Language ◽  
Linguistic Conventions ◽  
Data Files

This article reports on a ‘rapid application development’ or RAD process to construct a research database in entry-level commercial database software, in this case FileMaker Pro. The database was required for a sign linguistic investigation into the morphology of the productive lexicon of British Sign Language (cf. Brennan’s article in this volume). Although at an early stage of development, the productive lexicon database (PLD) is an open and modifiable set of loosely-linked data files which can be reconfigured and remodelled according to user requirements, research aims or commercial objectives. The example offered is that of a trilingual sign/spoken language dictionary. The PLD’s flexible data model allows, as a matter of principle, for the combination of datasets irrespective of linguistic conventions used for data description. It is suggested that data models of this kind therefore open opportunities for research collaboration and commercial exploitation without necessitating detailed prior agreement on linguistic data description conventions or standards.

scholarly journals Justification of necessity to consider well interference in the process of well

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
I.N. Khakimzyanov ◽  
◽  
V.Sh. Mukhametshin ◽  
R.N. Bakhtizin ◽  
A.V. Lifantyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
High Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Pressure Differential ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
High Water Cut

The paper discusses results of the unique field-scale experiment on halving of active wells and increase of pressure differential at bottomholes of active wells in the Bavlinskoye oil field. With a view to assess the effect of well interference between shut-in and active wells, two scenarios of oil flow lines in the reservoir, shut-in scenario and do-nothing scenario, were modeled. The numerical computation demonstrated that increase of pressure differential at an early stage of development can maintain the obtained level of production with a less number of free-flowing wells. It was also found that an optimal well pattern has to be used at an early stage of development. In this case, oil losses are lower vs. infill drilling at the late stage of development. In the latter case, high water cut challenges economic production, which was the case with half of re-entry experimental wells. Keywords: free-flow production; increase of differential pressure; field-scale experiment; well pattern; well interference; oil flow paths.

scholarly journals Textures of Archaean granites, Ivisârtoq region, southern West Greenland

1984 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
S Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Accessory Mineral ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Granite Complex

Granite textures are widely believed to reflect the effect of extensive subsolidus (i.e. postmagmatic) recrystallisation. Detailed thin section observations of Archaean granites from the Ivisartoq map sheet area, however, have revealed that subsolidus recrystallisation may by very limited. These observations apply to Qôrqut Granite Complex, 2610 Ma granites (Robertson, 1983) and Nûk granites from north-east Ivisartoq. They all contain modal quartz, plagioclase and microcline in approximately equal proportions, with variable amounts of biotite ranging up to a maximum of 12% of the total. Accessory mineral phases include zircon, apatite, allanite, sphene, ilmenite, magnetite and occasionally pyrite. Textural relations suggest that the accessory phases crystallised at an early stage in the evolution of the granites and all appear to predate biotite, the earliest of the major minerals.

scholarly journals Digital Rock Samples Porosity Analysis by OTSU Thresholding Technique Using MATLAB

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Yahya Jirjees Tawfeeq ◽  
Jalal A. Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Digital Rock

Porosity plays an essential role in petroleum engineering. It controls fluid storage in aquifers, connectivity of the pore structure control fluid flow through reservoir formations. To quantify the relationships between porosity, storage, transport and rock properties, however, the pore structure must be measured and quantitatively described. Porosity estimation of digital image utilizing image processing essential for the reservoir rock analysis since the sample 2D porosity briefly described. The regular procedure utilizes the binarization process, which uses the pixel value threshold to convert the color and grayscale images to binary images. The idea is to accommodate the blue regions entirely with pores and transform it to white in resulting binary image. This paper presents the possibilities of using image processing for determining digital 2D rock samples porosity in carbonate reservoir rocks. MATLAB code created which automatically segment and determine the digital rock porosity, based on the OTSU's thresholding algorithm. In this work, twenty-two samples of 2D thin section petrographic image reservoir rocks of one Iraqi oil field are studied. The examples of thin section images are processed and digitized, utilizing MATLAB programming. In the present study, we have focused on determining of micro and macroporosity of the digital image. Also, some pore void characteristics, such as area and perimeter, were calculated. Digital 2D image analysis results are compared to laboratory core investigation results to determine the strength and restrictions of the digital image interpretation techniques. Thin microscopic image porosity determined using OTSU technique showed a moderate match with core porosity.

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